نشریه پژوهش در متابولیت های گیاهی
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 5، بهار 1403)

In this study, the hydroalcoholic extract of Ferula persica was extracted based on soaking method, and then the content of total phenols, total flavonoids, free radical scavenging activity (based on DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging methods) and antifungal effect (based on antimicrobial methods of disk diffusion agar, well diffusion agar, minimum inhibitory concentrations, and minimum fungicidal concentrations) were evaluated against fungi species causing strawberry and grape fruits rot (Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus niger, and Rhizopus stolonifer). The results of this study showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of Ferula persica contained 101.38 mg GAE/g total phenols and 37.41 mg QE/g total flavonoids. In addition, the antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract based on the percentage of inhibition of DPPH and ABTS free radicals was 68.59 and 63.32%, respectively. Findings of antifungal activity based on disk diffusion agar and well diffusion agar tests showed that the antifungal effect of the extract was dependent on its concentration and increasing the concentration caused a significant increase in the diameter of the growth inhibition zone. Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger were the most resistant and sensitive fungal strains to the hydroalcoholic extract, respectively, and the minimum lethal concentrations for these two strains were 256 and 64 mg/ml, respectively. Therefore, Ferula persica hydroalcoholic extract can be used as a natural preservative to increase the shelf life of horticultural products.

Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) is a medicinal plant with nutritional and economic value that faces a large area of low water and saline lands. The present research was conducted in two separate experiments in the form of a completely randomized design with the aim of investigating the effect of salinity on the secondary metabolites of the mentioned plant. This experiment was carried out in two ways: explant culture in MS solid culture medium with concentrations (0, 50, 150, 300, 600, 1200 μM NaCl) and callus culture in the same medium with concentrations (0, 50, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2000, 4000, 6000 and 75000 µM NaCl) were done. After four weeks, its physiological and biochemical characteristics were investigated. The results showed a decreasing trend in internal pigments with increasing salinity concentration. It was also observed that in explant culture, the fresh weight of callus decreased with increasing salinity (the highest fresh weight was related to the control and the lowest was related to the salinity level of 1200 micromolar) and in the callus culture, the highest fresh weight was related to the salinity level of 75000 micromolar. At all salinity levels, the density of pigments in explant culture samples was higher than in callus culture samples. Examining the changes of phenolic and antioxidant compounds showed that unlike explant culture in callus culture, there is a significant difference in the percentage of free radical inhibition, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid

In the current study, various physical characteristics of fruit, biochemical compounds, and color indices of fruit juice were examined in six pomegranate genotypes from the Tang Siab region (Kohdasht, Lorestan province, West of Iran). The findings revealed significant differences in fruit diameter, length, crown length, and fresh weight of 100 arils among the Tang Siab pomegranate genotypes. Variations in total soluble solids and total acidity influenced the maturity index and Brima-A in the fruit juice of these genotypes, with Malas Tang Siab exhibiting the lowest maturity index (13.02) and Brima-A (12.78). Ascorbic acid (2.8-10.05 mg/100g), total flavonoids (3.7-29.53 mg/ml), total phenol (92.147-147.9 mg/100 ml), and antioxidant capacity (61.61-74.77-86%) differed significantly among the Tang Siab pomegranate genotypes. Total anthocyanin content (23.21-21.28 mg/100 ml) and substances contributing to brown color (1.17-2.37 AU) varied across the pomegranate genotypes. Color indices, determined by absorbance at 420, 520, and 620 nm wavelengths, revealed differences in red, yellow, and blue color percentages, total color intensity, pure red color intensity, hue index, and K-K color index. Khorramabadi and Galo Baz genotypes exhibited higher color indices compared to other genotypes from Tang Siab Lorestan. The study suggests that besides anthocyanin, other color indicators in the juice can be valuable for assessing color quality and comparing pomegranate genotypes.

The seed germination of most species of Passiflora is unknown, and the long period of natural or induced dormancy causes irregular germination in them, which makes its commercial use difficult. The present research is aimed at investigating mechanical treatments including removal from the tip of the seed, removal from the bottom of the seed and chemical treatments including water at 35 degrees Celsius, gibberellic acid, normal vinegar, potassium nitrate, sulfuric acid, cow's milk and natural lemon juice in the germination of two species of amaryllis. It was done as a completely randomized design in three replications. The results showed that the difference between the treatments was significant. Potassium nitrate, gibberellic acid and cow's milk treatments caused an increase in P. edulis by 81.4, 79.5 and 77.2 percent respectively and in P. cearulea by 82.28, 63.33 and 81.66 percent respectively. Germination percentage. In the P.edulis species, potassium nitrate, gibberellic acid and cow's milk treatments were 75, 72.5 and 69.45%, respectively, and in the P.cearulea species, these treatments were 63.14, 12.66 and 8.61%, respectively, the speed Improve germination. This improvement was also observed in the traits of seed germ index, root length, stem length, leaf length and width, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, and the amount of total antioxidants. Therefore, pre-germination treatments such as potassium nitrate, gibberellic acid and cow's milk can increase the germination potential and increase the use of this plant in breeding fields and for ornamental, medicinal and food purposes

In the present research, the effectiveness of coating sheep meat with flax seed mucilage containing Echinophora platyloba extract nanoemulsion was investigated to increase its shelf life at the refrigerator temperature. In this way, the extract of Echinophora platyloba extracted with water-ethanol solvent was nano-coated and added to the extracted flax seed mucilage in concentrations (6.25, 12.50, and 25 mg/g) and the samples of Fresh lamb meat were immersed in the coating solution. The tests were performed on the samples at intervals of 5 days (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30). The results showed that increasing the nanoemulsion concentration in the coatings led to a decrease in the humidity of the samples. Also, coatings containing Echinophora platyloba extract nanoemulsion significantly prevent the increase of pH, thiobarbituric acid index, peroxide number, and volatile nitrogen of the treatments compared to the control sample (C0) and the sample coated with flax seed mucilage alone (C1). Did this effect become more evident with the increase in the concentration of nanoemulsions inside the coating? Also, the effect of coatings containing nanoemulsion on preserving tissue and reducing the growth of microbial population was observed. According to the sensory evaluation results, the use of coatings containing nanoemulsion had a positive effect on the sensory characteristics of the treatments. all the results of treatment C4 (2% flax seed mucilage + 25 mg/g Echinophora platylobananoemulsion) is introduced as the best treatment of this research, which was capable of keeping lamb meat for 20 days in refrigerator conditions.

Oxidative degradation of oils, fats and high-fat food products during the processing and storage period, which leads to the reduction of organoleptic characteristics and nutritional value, is one of the most important challenges in the food industry. Adding antioxidants to foods is the most common method to reduce lipid oxidation rate. One of the most important features for a suitable antioxidant is the thermal stability during processing and storage period. In this research, the thermal stability of ethanolic and hexane extracts and essential oil of fennel seed compared to synthetic antioxidant BHA in soybean oil at temperature 90°C during a 28-day storage period by measuring peroxide, anisidine and oxidative stability indexes and totox value calculation were investigated. Extraction efficiency of extract with ethanol and n-hexane solvents and essential oil from fennel seed was obtained as 12.92%, 7.88% and 3.1%, respectively. The results of the research showed that the efficiency of all the studied antioxidants decrease during the storage period. Synthetic antioxidant BHA followed by fennel seed essential oil show the highest thermal stability. Ethanol and hexane extracts of fennel seeds did not show any significant difference with respect to the studied indexes and have the lowest thermal stability. As a natural antioxidant compound, fennel seed essential oil can be used as a substitute for synthetic antioxidants with proper thermal stability during the storage period.