احمد منصوری

According to the world health organization, psychosocial factors have almost an 85% impact on health. The illness is under influence of a combination of sociological, psychological and biological factors. This study examines the social and psychological characteristics of patients suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis. The purpose of this article is to cognize, measure and compare the sociological characteristics through sociological questionnaire and psychological features of patients by the questionnaire of Early maladaptive schema and maladaptive coping strategies, and also to identify the effective social factors and psychological elements.The psychological part of the present research was a descriptive-analytical type of causal comparison and post-event. Pearson's correlation test, multivariate regression, and analysis of variance were used for the sociological variables. The statistical population of this research includes 127 female patients with arthritis. Rheumatoid Rheumatology Clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in 2018-2021 and there were 127 healthy people. After the diagnosis of rheumatologist, the patients were selected by targeted sampling. The instrument for measuring psychological disorders was Yang's long-form maladaptive schema questionnaire and Lazarus' coping strategies questionnaire. The questionnaire of social factors in determining sociological variables was researcher-made. In data and information analysis, Spss22 software was used. According to the results of the multivariate regression test, six social variables 1. Low economic class 2. Lifestyle 3. High family damage 4. Low emotional support 5. Low social participation 6. Low education had a significant effect on creating a psychological background and the background of rheumatoid arthritis disease. Also, the results showed that all RA patients in this study had incompatible early EMS schemas and incompatible coping strategies.

The escalating importance of physical attractiveness, concerns regarding body image, and fear of bodily appearance can significantly influence the decision to undergo cosmetic surgery. While the efficacy of various interventions on variables such as body shame and signs of body dysmorphic disorder has been examined, the effectiveness of schema therapy has not received sufficient attention from researchers. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the impact of this intervention on improving the psychological status of individuals seeking cosmetic surgery.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on perfectionism, body shame and symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder in women seeking cosmetic surgery.

This study employed a semi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population included all women seeking cosmetic surgery at the Fatemeh Zahra Beauty Clinic in Tehran during the first 9 months of 2021. Among them, 30 participants were selected based on the study's inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The experimental group received schema therapy sessions (Yang et al., 2006) for ten 90-minute sessions. All participants were evaluated using multidimensional measures of perfectionism (Hewitt & Flett, 1991), body image shame (Davard et al., 2014), and fear of physical deformity (Littleton et al., 2005). Data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software and multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures.

The results indicated the effectiveness of schema therapy on reducing perfectionism, body shame and symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder (p< 0.05). Also, the results related to the interaction effect between time and group show that this effect is significant in all variables (p< 0.05). Therefore, there is interaction between different levels of time and groups.

Considering to the effectiveness of schema therapy it is suggested to focus on this therapy as one of the auxiliary, supportive and rehabilitation therapy along with drug treatment in reducing the consequences of perfectionism, body shame and the symptoms of dysmorphic disorder.

The elderly population is widely acknowledged as a valuable asset to any society. Given the potential psychological and physical challenges associated with death obsession and self-care ability among the elderly, this research aims to address these issues. Notably, there is a dearth of investigation into the comparison of two interventions targeting death obsession and self-care in the Iranian elderly. Consequently, this study is designed to contribute to the enhancement of both variables in this specific demographic.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion therapy on death obsession and self-care ability in the elderly.

The research employed a semi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test structure, incorporating two experimental groups and a control group. The study focused on the welfare elderly population in Behshahr City, selected through purposeful sampling and subsequently randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The first experimental group underwent eight 90-minute sessions of compassion therapy (Gilbert, 2009), while the second experimental group participated in nine 120-minute sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy (Hayes et al., 2013). In contrast, the control group did not receive any treatment. Data collection involved the use of the self-care ability scale for the elderly developed by Yonsi et al. (2019) and the death obsession scale by Abdul Khaliq (1998). Statistical analysis utilized descriptive and inferential statistics, multivariate covariance analysis, and the SPSS 23 statistical software.

The results revealed that both acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion therapy led to a reduction in death obsession and an enhancement in self-care ability among the elderly. Additionally, no significant difference was observed in the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy compared to compassion therapy concerning death obsession (p>0.05). However, it was noted that compassion therapy exhibited a higher effectiveness in improving self-care ability in the elderly (p< 0.05).

In light of the findings, it can be inferred that both acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion therapy were effective in addressing death obsession and enhancing self-care ability in the elderly. Consequently, psychotherapy centers and elderly care facilities can consider employing acceptance and commitment therapy as well as compassion therapy as effective treatment approaches to enhance the well-being of the elderly, specifically targeting the improvement of death obsession and self-care ability.

The current research aims to design a social entrepreneurship model in the tourism industry as an innovative approach to provide the field of entrepreneurship for the disabled. The mixed research method is exploratory and operational. In the qualitative part of the meta-synthesis method, with the help of Scientometrics, VOSviwer, and MAXQDA software, previous research at the international level and through databases was assessed and analyzed from 1980 to 2023. In this section, the conceptual model with three categories, individual, interpersonal, and environmental, was explained during the coding process. In the quantitative part, using the fuzzy cognitive mapping method, the relationship between the conceptual model variables and their impact extension on each other was analyzed. Finally, by performing forward and backward scenarios on the most effective and impressible factors with the centrality of social entrepreneurship in the tourism industry, the related model was presented. The research findings showed that among the identified variables, environmental and interpersonal factors with the greatest influence, and individual factors with the most significant impressibility in interaction with other variables, provide a fundamental role in supplying the social entrepreneurship field of the disabled in the tourism industry. Also, the results of this research in the theoretical field obtain new angles and practical suggestions for researchers and policy-making and decision-making institutions.

Considering the high prevalence of anxiety disorders in adolescence, this period is the main stage of developing anxiety symptoms, including generalized anxiety disorder. Many causes and factors are involved in the development of this disorder. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between parenting stress and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.

Methods and Materials: 

The current research method was fundamental, cross-sectional, and descriptive of the correlation type. The statistical population included all secondary school students of Mashhad city (N= 63000) in 2023-2024, 203 of them and one of their parents (203 parents) were selected using the convenience sampling method. This research, used the parenting stress index, the intolerance of uncertainty scale, and the youth anxiety measure for DSM-5. The Pearson correlation method, confirmatory factor analysis, and path analysis were used in SPSS and LISREL statistical software for data analysis.

The results show that the direct effect of parenting stress on the intolerance of uncertainty is significant, but its effect on generalized anxiety disorder symptoms is not significant. The direct effect of intolerance of uncertainty on generalized anxiety disorder symptoms is significant. The indirect effect of parenting stress on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder through intolerance of uncertainty is significant (CFI = 0.99, NFI = 0.97, NNFI = 0.96, IFI = 0.99, RFI = 0.92, GFI = 0.9, RMSEA = 0.064).

The results show that parenting stress and adolescents' intolerance of uncertainty play an important role in experiencing the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. The findings of this research show the importance of interventions based on stress reduction and intolerance of uncertainty to reduce parenting stress and adolescents' intolerance of uncertainty and, as a result, symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.

The ever-increasing expansion of cyberspace has affected people's lives. The new generations who were born in this space, day by day, use cyberspace more and have formed a virtual lifestyle, so the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of life skills training on the cognitive flexibility and social well-being of students’ dependence of cyberspace.

Methods and Materials: 

The design of this research is a semi-experimental type of pretest, posttest and follow-up with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this research includes students’ dependence to cyberspace of Neyshabur city in the year 2022-2023. The sample of the research was selected using the convenience sampling method of 30 students’ dependence to cyberspace of Neyshabur city. Research tools included internet addiction questionnaire (Young, 1998), cognitive flexibility scale (Martin and Rubin, 1995), and social well-being questionnaire (Keyes, 1998). The life skills training program was taken from Zare et al. (2019) research, which was implemented in eight ninety-minute-sessions. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The data was analyzed using SPSS software

The results show that the life skills training program has been able to improve cognitive flexibility and social well-being among the students dependence of cyberspace.

Life skills training by improving cognitive, emotional and skill abilities increases the perception of emotions and provide adaptive responses that improve cognitive flexibility and social well-being of students.

<span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,">Introduction</span></span></span>: The unexpected and unprecedented crisis of the Covid-19 epidemic and little information about how this epidemic can affect the mental health of medical and nursing students has made it necessary to investigate the variables of the mental health of this group.</span></span></span> This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of emotional self-efficacy in the relationship between the fear of covid-19 contagion and the mental health of medical students.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,">Methods</span></span></span>: The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical society of the study was made up of all students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences (N=4000) in the academic year of 2021-2022. The research sample consisted of 436 students who were selected by convenience sampling method and answered the questionnaire of fear of covid-19 contagion, emotional self-efficacy scale and mental health questionnaire.</span></span></span> Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method and with the help of SPSS version 24 and LISREL 8.8 statistical software.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,">Results</span></span></span>: The findings showed that the direct path of fear of covid-19 contagion to emotional self-efficacy was negative and significant (p< 0.01) and to mental health was positive and significant (p< 0.05).</span></span></span> The direct path of emotional self-efficacy to mental health was negative and significant (p< 0.01).</span> In addition, it was found that the indirect relationship between fear of covid-19 contagion and mental health in medical students is mediated by emotional self-efficacy (GFI= 0.97, CFI= 0.99, IFI= 0.98, NNFI= 0.98, RMSEA= 0.039).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,">Conclusion</span></span></span>: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the effect of fear of covid-19 contagion on the mental health in medical students is moderated by emotional self-efficacy.</span></span></span> The findings have practical applications in the field of education of medical students during epidemic periods.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span lang="FA" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""></span></span></span></span></span></span>

Non-suicidal self-injury has been proposed as one of the chronic and debilitating disorders. Social support from family, friends and others plays an important role in prevention, development and maintenance of this disorder. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the moderating role of social support in relationship between psychological distress and non-suicidal self-injury.

This descriptive-correlational research was conducted cross-sectionally on 271 undergraduate students studying at the Islamic Azad University of Neyshabur branch in 2023. The research units were selected by cluster sampling method. Data collection was done using Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale, Perceived Social Support Multidimensional Scale, and Deliberate and Intentional Self-Injury Inventory.
The data were analyzed using the PROCESS plugin in SPSS version 26 and the statistical methods of Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis.

The mean and standard deviation of the students' age was 24.03 years. In the study, 80.8% of the participants were female and 80.4% were students studying in the faculty of humanities. The research results showed that there is a significant relationship between psychological distress and non-suicidal self-injury (r= 0.505, p<0.01), social support and non-suicidal self-injury (r= 0.316, p<0.01) and also between psychological distress and social support (r = -0.378, p< 0.01). Also, social support moderated the relationship between psychological distress and non-suicidal self-injury.

Social support as a protective factor plays an important role in reducing non-suicidal self-injury. Researchers and specialists in the field of mental health can pay attention to the role of social support in the prevention and treatment of non-suicidal self-injury.

Cancer can affect in marital satisfaction, psychological well-being of individuals. This study determines the effectiveness of combined couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment and schema therapy on the marital satisfaction, psychological well-being among cancer patients.

The research method is semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, and control group. The study is statistical population includes all married patients cancer (stage 1 breast) who received treatment in 2020 in Mashhad. A total of 30 samples are selected through convenience sampling method. They are then randomly assigned to the groups of control and treatment. Data were collected using (ENRICH scale) and Ryff Psychological Well-being questionnaire. The Repeated- measure ANOVA was used to analyze the data.

The analysis findings show that the combined couple schema therapy-based on acceptance and commitment therapy in marital satisfaction, psychological well-being of cancer patients was affect significant (p < 0.01).

According to the Finding it can be concluded in that perhaps the combining schema couple therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy can positively affect in marital satisfaction, psychological well-being of Breast cancer patients.

The importance of this research considering the consequences of anxiety disorders on the one hand and the cognitive processes and symptoms of panic disorder on the other hand, by comparing and then using the appropriate and accurate transcranial electrical stimulation intervention and transcognitive therapy, trying to improve these consequences. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of transcranial electrical stimulation and metacognitive therapy on the cognitive processes of people with panic disorder.

This study was conducted using a semi-experimental method with a pre-test-post-test design on 45 people with panic disorder in 1401 in Mashhad. The research subjects were randomly assigned to three groups of 15 people with transcranial electrical stimulation and metacognitive therapy as an experimental group and a control group, and cognitive processes were measured using the questionnaire of agoraphobic cognitions and the questionnaire of panic disorder symptoms. Data analysis was done using the statistical test of analysis of covariance and with spss-24 software.

The results of the study showed that by removing the effect of pre-test cognitive processes scores as a covariate, the main effect of transcranial electrical stimulation and metacognitive therapy on the cognitive processes of people with panic disorder in the post-test is significant. In other words, the results show that the observed difference between the average scores of the participants of the experimental group (-15.98) and the control group (-16.35) in terms of group membership in the post-test stage is significant with 95% confidence (p < 0.05).

These findings show that metacognitive therapy has a greater effect on reducing cognitive processes

Considering the importance of resilience and emotional regulation as effective psychological components in cancer, psychological interventions to improve these structures is a fundamental necessity.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of narrative therapy on resilience and emotional regulation of people with cancer with low psychological toughness.

The research design was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with an experimental group and a control group. The statistical population of the study included all cancer patients referred to Tehran hospitals in 2022. The sample consisted of 30 patients who were selected through purposive sampling and randomly replaced in two treatment groups and the control group. Connor and Davidson's resilience scale and Garnefski and Kraaij emotional cognitive regulation were used. The data were analyzed through Mancova and SPSS-20 software.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the narrative therapy group and the control group in the post-test stage of resilience and cognitive emotional regulation.

According to the findings of this research, online narrative therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy can be used as an effective method to improve resilience and emotional regulation of cancer patients, and in this context, online narrative therapy can be more efficient.

This study aimed at comparing functional analysis therapy and compassionate therapy on distress tolerance and difficulty in regulating emotion among cardiovascular patients. It was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and a control group. The statistical population included all cardiovascular patients in Mashhad in 2020. The sample consisted of 45 cardiovascular patients referred to Valiasr clinic who were selected by convenience sampling method and then were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 patients in each group) and a control group (15 patients). After the pre-test, the experimental groups underwent functional analysis psychotherapy and compassionate therapy interventions, and at the end, both groups took the post-test, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The research instruments included the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simons & Gaher, 2005) and the Emotion Regulation Difficulty Questionnaire (Roemer and Gratz, 2004). Data were analyzed using SPSS software and multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of functional analysis psychotherapy and compassion therapy on the tolerance of distress and difficulty in regulating emotion in patients with cardiovascular diseases (P<0.05). Compassionate therapy was more effective than the functional analysis psychotherapy on the tolerance of distress and difficulty in regulating emotion in patients with cardiovascular disease. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that compassion therapy led to increased anxiety tolerance and reduced difficulty in regulating the emotion of cardiovascular patients.

Non-suicidal self-injury is a prevalent behavior among individuals. While various factors, including family dynamics, are associated with this behavior, there has been limited focus on the mediating factors in this relationship. This study aims to explore the mediating role of anger rumination in the connection between family functioning and non-suicidal self-injury.

This research is fundamental, cross-sectional, and descriptive-correlational in nature. The study population consisted of students from the Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur branch, in 2023. A sample of two hundred fifty-two students was selected through a cluster sampling method. Participants completed the short version of the Family Assessment Device (FAD-SF), the Anger Rumination Scale (ARS), and the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI). Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling methods.

The findings indicated that family functioning has a significant direct effect(P< 0.05) on non-suicidal self-injury. Additionally, the indirect effect of family functioning on non-suicidal self-injury, mediated by anger rumination, was also significant (P< 0.05). The model demonstrated a good fit, with the following indices: CFI = 0.98, NNFI = 0.98, IFI = 0.98, GFI = 0.95, and RMSEA = 0.057.

The results indicated that anger rumination indirectly contributes to the impact of poor family functioning on non-suicidal self-injury. It is important to recognize these psychological factors within the context of psychopathology and to develop prevention and intervention programs targeting them, as this could be beneficial.

The present study aimed to comparison the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and schema therapy on emotional regulation and distress tolerance of women with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The present research method was semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all women with obsessive-compulsive disorder who referred to the counseling centers of Mashhad in 2023-2024. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 48 people were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The participants were evaluated using the emotion regulation questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003) and distress tolerance scale in the pretest, posttest and follow-up. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 software and using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of and analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in emotion regulation and distress tolerance (P<0.05). Cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and schema therapy has led to improved emotion regulation and increased distress tolerance. Cognitive therapy based on mindfulness is more effective than schema therapy in improving emotion regulation.</div>

The purpose of this study was to Compare the impacts of acceptance and commitment-based therapy and compassion-based therapy on death obsession and body consciousness in the elderly.

The Method of the study was semi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest design with two experimental groups. Among the Retirement/nursing home elderly of Behshahr city, people who were willing to participate in the study were selected purposeful sampling method and assigned to 2experimental groups and one control group by random assignment method. The first group received the compassion-focused therapy in 8 sessions and the second experiment group received the acceptance and commitment therapy in 9 sessions but the third group, which was the control group, did not receive any treatment. The research tools were Body Consciousness Scale (2006) and Abdol Khaleq's Death Obsession Scale (1998). For analyzing the data, Descriptive and inferential statistics of multivariate covariance analysis and SPSS 23 statistical software were used.

The results indicated that acceptance and commitment-based therapy and the compassion-based therapy had reduced death obsession and body consciousness. Also, there was no significant difference between effectivenes of between acceptance and commitment-based therapy and compassion-based therapy on consciousness body and death obsession.

According to the findings, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment-based therapy and compassion-based therapy can be used to treat death obsession and body awareness in the elderly.

The Covid-19 epidemic has had many effects on the people's lives, especially medical students. However, little is known about the effects of this pandemic on medical students' learning, stress, and academic burnout. Therefore, the aim of present study was investigating the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between the fear of Covid-19 contagion and the academic burnout of medical students.

Methods and Materials: 

The research population of this study was consisted of all students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences (N=4000) in the academic year of 2021-2022. The research sample was consisted of 436 students who were selected by available sampling method and completed the fear of contagion questionnaire, academic self-efficacy scale and Maslach burnout inventory–student survey. Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling.

The findings showed that direct effect of fear of Covid-19 contagion on academic burnout was significant, but its effect on academic burnout was not significant. The direct effect of academic self-efficacy on academic burnout was significant. Also, indirect effect of fear of Covid-19 contagion with the mediation of academic self-efficacy on is significant.

The results suggest that academic self-efficacy can play an important role in increasing the effects fear of contagion epidemic diseases such as Covid-19 on academic burnout. The findings of this research can help to design or use of trainings based on self-efficacy during epidemic periods to reduce academic burnout of medical students.

Non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behaviors are prevalent issues among adolescents globally. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between cyberbullying victimization and non-suicidal self-injury and suicide behaviors among adolescents.

This research was fundamental and descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all adolescents in Mashhad city in 2022. The research sample comprised 551 adolescents who completed the research instruments online. They completed the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI), Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and Cyberbullying Victimization Scale (CVS). Research data were analyzed using SPSS and Lisrel software, as well as the structural equation modeling method.

The study findings indicated a significant correlation between being a victim of cyberbullying and the regulation of emotions with non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behaviors (p < 0.05). The model examining the mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between cyberbullying victimization and non-suicidal self-injury and suicide behaviors among adolescents demonstrates a good fit (CFI= 0.96, NFI= 0.97, IFI= 0.97, GFI= 0.93, RMSEA= 0.077). The indirect impact of cyberbullying victimization on suicide behaviors, mediated by the suppression emotion regulation strategy, is significant (p < 0.05).

The results indicate that emotion regulation indirectly amplifies the impact of cyberbullying victimization on suicidal behaviors. Paying attention to these structures in the field of psychopathology and formulating prevention and intervention programs for them can be beneficial.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and schema therapy on mental rumination and social anxiety of women with practical obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The current research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all women with obsessive-compulsive disorder who referred to the counseling centers of Mashhad in 1402, based on the entry and exit criteria, 48 people were selected as a sample using the purposeful-available sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups. and a control group were assigned. Subjects were evaluated using Hoeksma and Maro (1991) rumination questionnaires and Wells' (1994) social anxiety questionnaires in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. The results of mixed analysis of variance showed that the difference Significance between intervention groups with control in mental rumination and social anxiety of women with obsessive compulsive symptoms, the presence of medication, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and schema therapy has led to the reduction of mental rumination and social anxiety. Also, schema therapy is more effective than cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in mental rumination.

One of the most common psychological disorders among children, adolescents and adults, is anxiety disorders. These disorders include a complex of disorders that their common features are fear, anxiety, and behavioral distress. Various causes and factors are involved in appearance of the disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of transdiagnostic factors in relationship between stressful events and generalized anxiety.

Methods and Materials: 

The research method was non-experimental causal. The statistical population was all students of public universities of science and technology ministry in Tehran. Among them 700 students were selected by convenience sampling. And the data were gathered through internet-based questionnaires. The instruments included generalized anxiety scale (short-form) (2006), Freeston’s intolerance of ‎uncertainty (1994), cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (short-form) (2006), acceptance and action questionnaire (2011), life events scale (1971), and meta-cognitive beliefs questionnaire. To analyze the data structural equation modeling (SEM) was used through Amos software version 26.

The results showed that the indirect effect of stressful events on generalized anxiety disorder by mediating role of transdiagnostic factors is significant (p<0.05). The estimates of the findings indicated that intolerance of uncertainty has equal coefficients in mediating of stressful events and generalized anxiety (p<0.05). Also, results revealed that compatible and incompatible emotion regulation, experiential avoidance, and metacognitive beliefs as transdiagnostic factors have significant role in mediating in relationship between stressful events and generalized anxiety (p<0.05).

Regarding the obtained findings based on analyzing data, it can be mentioned that transdiagnostic factors has a mediating role between stressful events and generalized anxiety. Therefore, it is highly important to pay attention to transdiagnostic factors in treatment of patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder.

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Social factors and prolonged stress have an effect on Rheumatoid arthritis. Limitation of movement in these patients can cause mental disorders, especially anxiety and depression. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of short-term dynamic psychotherapy, schema therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy with drug therapy in reducing pain and pain dimensions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with anxiety, depression and coping strategies.Research The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population was all patients with rheumatoid arthritis with anxiety and depression in Tehran, who referred to the rheumatology clinics of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran in the spring of 2014. There are 60 volunteers selecting by purposive sampling technique. According to Cohen's table the sample were divided into group of 20 people. We use Standard Depression questionnaires, anxiety, and Revised McGill pain questionnaire for collecting data. Data analysis has been done by using multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measurement at a significant level of 0.05 through SPSS version 26. The results showed that psychotherapies are effective in reducing pain, and schema therapy was the most effective method in reducing cognitive pain and various pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have anxiety and depression and inconsistent coping strategies The use of psychotherapies along with drug therapy can be more effective than drug therapy alone and can help reduce the pain of patients with rheumatoid arthritis by treating anxiety and depression and correcting coping strategies.

The aim of the research investigate the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation and personality organization in the relationship between object relations and non-suicidal self-injury of students. This research was a fundamental and descriptive correlation study. The statistical population consisted of all students of the Islamic Azad University, Mashhad branch in 2022, among them 451 were selected by convenience sampling method. Participants answered the test of object relations-short form (TOR-SF; Barberis et al. 2020), inventory of personality organization (IPO; Igarashi et al. 2009), difficulties in emotion regulation scale short form (DERS-SF; Kaufman et al. 2016) and self-harm inventory (SHI; Sansone et al. 1998). The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the model is a good fit. The direct effect of object relations (P<0.05), difficulties in emotion regulation (P<0.01), and personality organization (P<0.01) on non-suicidal self-injury is not significant. The indirect effect of object relations with the mediation of difficulties in emotion regulation and personality organization on non-suicidal self-injury is significant (P<0.01). The difficulties in emotion regulation and personality organization can play an indirect role in increasing the effects of object relations on non-suicidal self-injury. The use or development of appropriate educational and therapeutic interventions in this field can help reduce non-suicidal self-injury.

The Coronavirus disease pandemic has caused high stress, anxiety and distress for the healthcare workers. Although the relationship between emotion regulation strategies and spiritual coping with psychological distress has been confirmed, little attention has been paid to mediating factors of this relationship. Therefore, the aim of present study was investigating the mediating role of Coronavirus anxiety in the relationship between emotion regulation strategies and spiritual coping with the psychological distress in healthcare workers during COVID-19.

Methods and Materials:

 This study is a fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of method. The statistical population included all healthcare workers in Mashhad, Iran. In this cross- sectional descriptive research, 366 healthcare workers participated, in the year 2021. The cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, spiritual coping questionnaire, Corona disease anxiety scale and psychological distress scale were used to collect data. The research data were analyzed using descriptive indices, Pearson correlation coefficient and Path analysis method.

The results showed that the level of psychological distress and Coronavirus anxiety in the healthcare workers are 17.01±10.52 and 13.26±8.91. There was a significant relationship between maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, positive and negative spiritual coping, and Coronavirus anxiety with psychological distress (P<0.01). The model related to mediating role of Coronavirus anxiety in the relationship between maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and negative spiritual coping with the psychological distress in healthcare workers had a good fit (CFI = 0.99, NFI = 0.99, IFI = 0.99, GFI = 1, RMSEA = 0.078).

The results show that emotion regulation, spiritual coping and Coronavirus anxiety play an important role in the psychological distress in healthcare workers. These findings can help to develop emotion-oriented and spiritual-oriented interventions to reduce the Coronavirus anxiety and the psychological distress caused by pandemic diseases such as Corona in the healthcare workers.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of negative spiritual coping in the relationship between dark triad personality and nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents. This study is fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive correlation in terms of method. The statistical population of this study consisted of all high school students in public schools in Karaj in the academic year 2020-2021. The sample consisted of 351 high school students who were selected by stage cluster sampling and online during Covid 19 disease. Participants completed the dark personality scale (DPS) Jonason & Webster (2010), the spiritual coping questionnaire (SCQ) Charzyńska (2015), and the deliberate self–harm inventory (DSHI) Gratz (2001). The Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling methods were used for data analysis. The results showed that the model related to the mediating role of negative spiritual coping in the relationship between dark triad personality and nonsuicidal self-injury of adolescents has a good fit. The results showed that the direct effect of dark triad personality on non-suicidal self-injury is not significant (P>0.05). The direct effect of negative spiritual coping (P<0.01) and the indirect effect of dark triad personality with the mediation of negative spiritual coping on non-suicidal self-injury are significant (P<0.01); Therefore, paying attention to these variables in the field of psychopathology and formulating educational and therapeutic interventions regarding nonsuicidal self-injury can be useful.

With the spread of the corona virus, emergency medical workers have suffered physical and mental problems that required therapeutic interventions. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of compassion-based treatment on depression, anxiety and aggression of medical emergency workers infected with Corona.

The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population in this research included emergency medical workers infected with Corona in Mashhad in 2021. 40 people were selected by purposeful sampling method and were randomly selected by lottery method in two experimental groups (20 people) and control group (20 people). The treatment based on compassion was implemented in the form of 8 sessions of 90 minutes and once a week for the experimental group and the control group did not receive any intervention. The participants were assessed in the pre-test and post-test stages according to Zigmond and Smith's (1983) depression and anxiety tests and Bass and Perry's (1992) aggression tests. Covariance analysis with SPSS version 24 software was used to analyze the data.

According to the results of this research, the treatment based on compassion had an effect on depression, anxiety and aggression of medical emergency workers with corona (P < 0.001). Based on eta square, this effect was 0.44 on depression, 0.39 on anxiety and 0.52 on aggression.