فهرست مطالب اسرا عسکری

ULK1 and LC3-II are factors related to liver lipophagy. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of four weeks of aerobic training in fasting state on factors related to liver lipophagy (ULK1 and LC3-II) in male Wistar rats.

In this experimental research, 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following groups: control, fasting, 3 days of training, 5 days of training, fasting + 3 days of training, and fasting + 5 days of training. Unlike other rats that had 24-hour access to food, the fasting rats received the same amount of nutrition in 10 hours. Continuous aerobic running on a treadmill was performed for 4 weeks with a frequency of 3 and 5 sessions per week in both feeding and fasting conditions. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS using one-way variance analysis test and LSD. Significance level was set at P < 0.05.

The increase of LC3-II in the groups of fasting + 3 days of training and fasting + 5 days training was significant compared to fasting and 3 days training groups (P < 0.05). Also, the increase of ULK1 in the groups of 3 days of training and fasting + 3 days of training was significant compared to the fasting group, and the changes of ULK1 were significantly higher in fasting + 3 days of training group than in the fasting + 5 days training group (P < 0.05).

It can be said that aerobic training in fasting mode increases liver lipophagy and the expression of ULK1 and LC3-II genes is different compared to the amount of weekly activity.

The health and proper functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum in the liver can lead to an increase in the quality of the metabolism of liver cells. Exercise can lead to liver health by regulating liver enzymes and factors related to apoptosis pathway. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to compare the performance of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein of the liver of healthy model rats with the intervention of different training sessions and starvation.

In this experimental research, 30 Wistar male rats with a weight range of 330 ± 25 grams were selected and divided into six groups: 1) control, 2) starvation, 3) 3 days of training per week, 4) 5 days of training per week, 5) starvation + 3 training days per week, 6) starvation + 5 training days per week. Training consisted of one hour of continuous running on a treadmill for 4 weeks, and starvation was performed for 14 hours when the rats were awake. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc LSD statistical tests in SPSS version 23 software. A significance level of P≤ 0.05 was considered.

Data analysis showed a significant change in the levels of liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) (P≤ 0.05). This change in CHOP gene expression was also significant (P≤ 0.05).

Aerobic training for 3 and 5 days with starvation can lead to liver health by reducing liver enzymes (AST and ALT) and cell death-related factor (CHOP) through the apoptosis pathway.

The purpose of this study was to provide a model for improving the mental well-being of athletes with emphasizing on the role of identity and professional commitment. The research method was applied, and after that, descriptive-correlational was performed, in terms of data collection. Totally, 280 professional athletes of the country were selected in some selected adult grades with respect to the Morgan table based on the random sampling as a sample of the study. Data collection was accomplished using a questionnaire. The results indicated that professional identity has a significant effect on mental well-being of athletes, and also it has a significant effect on the professional commitment of professional. Moreover, professional commitment has a significant effect on the mental well-being of athletes. Considering the results of this study, it is suggested that, by decreasing some sports problems among athletes, including financial obligations of the clubs, they would improve their professional welfare along with improving their mental well-being.

The purpose of this study was to compare the problems of sports tourism tours in domestic and foreign events. Purposeful and theoretically saturated sampling was done and in a quantitative part by descriptive-survey method that the statistical population of domestic tours tourists 320 people by Morgan table method and available sampling and tourists of foreign events tours 100 people by random access method was selected and used The researcher-made questionnaire was taken from the combination of the qualitative section and the research background, which had 45 items in the form of 8 factors, as well as the validity and reliability of the qualitative and quantitative sections. According to the findings of the quality sector, eight factors of transportation, infrastructure, culture, safety and security, ticket sales, management, economy and accommodation were identified as problems of sports tourism tours in domestic and foreign events. In the quantitative section, the identified factors were ranked according to the factor, managerial, cultural, safety and security factors, ticket sales, economy, accommodation, infrastructure and transportation, respectively. Also, the comparison of the two groups of sports tourism tours in domestic and foreign events showed that ticket sales, transportation, economic, safety and security factors in the group related to domestic events tourism tours and managerial, residential and cultural factors in the group related to events tourism tours foreign sports are of the highest importance.

Endoplasmic reticulum plays an essential role in many cellular pathways. Exercise and fasting can lead to liver health by activating mechanisms such as reticulophagy. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to  investigate the effect of fasting and aerobic exercise on atherogenic indicators, body mass and ATF6 gene expression in the endoplasmic reticulum of healthy liver of Wistar rats.

In this experimental research, 30 18-week-old Wistar rats with a weight range of 330.40 ± 25.34 grams were selected and divided into six groups: 1) control, 2) starvation, 3) 3-day training, 44) 5-day training, 5) starvation + 3-day training, 6) starvation + 5-day training were divided. The rats in the training group performed exercise on a treadmill for one month, 3 and 5 sessions per week for one hour. Starvation was done continuously for 14 hours when the rats were awake and for one month. Data analysis was done using one-way ANOVA and post hoc LSD statistical tests in SPSS version 23 software. A significance level of P≥0.05 was considered.

Data analysis showed a significant decrease in BMI, LDL/HDL, CHOL/HDL, TAG/HDL and a significant increase in ATF6 gene expression (P≥0.05).

Aerobic training with starvation led to liver health by reducing atherogenic indicators. Also, increasing the expression of ATF6 gene in the liver through exercise and starvation can lead to the regulation of reticulophagia and liver health.

The main aim of this study was to modeling the effect of organizational agility on organizational entrepreneurship with the mediating role of the intellectual capital in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran. The statistical population of this study included all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth that based on Cochran's formula, 268 of these employees were selected as a statistical sample by stratified random sampling. The tools used to collect research data included three standard questionnaires of Sharifi and Yang's (2004) Organizational Agility, Bonits's (2008) Intellectual Capital and Brown's (1997) Organizational Entrepreneurship. The questionnaire used have 16, 12 and 18 items with a five-point Likert scale, respectively. To evaluate the validity of the research tool, the opinions of 8 PhDs in sport management were used and the reliability of the questionnaires in a pilot study by using Cronbach's alpha for organizational agility, intellectual capital and organizational entrepreneurship was 0.78, 0.81 and 0.83, respectively which indicate their reliability is acceptable. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The research findings showed organizational agility had a positive and significant impact on organizational entrepreneurship (t=15.511, β=0.722). The results also showed organizational agility had a positive and significant impact on the intellectual capital (t=46.561, β=0.804). Intellectual capital also had a positive and significant impact on organizational entrepreneurship (t=3.878, β=0.198). Finally, the results showed organizational agility with the mediating role of the employees' intellectual capital had a positive effect on organizational entrepreneurship (t=3.869, β=0.181). According to the research results, it is recommended to develop the ability of the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth to make decisions in different working conditions, as well as to train them to use job opportunities in the best way.

The purpose of this study was presenting a paradigmatic model of ambush marketing risk management at sporting events. Research methodology in terms of purpose, development and it was a kind of data analysis of the foundation. 14 elites in the field of sporting events and university professors in the field of physical education were selected by snowball method and theoretical saturation for semi-structured interviews. From the combination of factors extracted from library resources and the opinions of sports management professors, managers and specialists of sport events, 45 components were obtained in the form of 8 factors. These factors included factors related to spectators, marketing, cultural, event and sport, sponsor, legal, managerial and media. The results of this study, by presenting a comprehensive and comprehensive model, provide a comprehensive framework for dealing with the risks of ambush marketing in major sporting events, which can be used to prevent up to a high percentage of sponsorship rights and reduce their support for the event and is practically effective in improving financial support for sporting events.

The present study was designed and implemented with the aim of developing a framework for controlling and compensating for counterproductive behaviors in sports teams. The method of the present study was mixed. The tools used in this study were developed after the interview and reached theoretical saturation, which included 39 items and in the form of 7 components, in the form of five Likert options (very high, 5 points to very low, 1 point). In the first part (qualitative) for conducting field interviews, the statistical population of the study was prominent professors in the field of sports management specializing in organizational behavior and also some managers of sports boards in Golestan province who were purposefully selected for qualitative interviews on research. Were. In the second (quantitative) part, after collecting the information obtained from the qualitative research, a questionnaire was made and this questionnaire was distributed among the managers and employees of the sports delegations of Golestan province. The number of managers and employees of sports delegations in Golestan province was153, which according to Morgan's table, the sample number of 113people was identified as the research sample.The results of the present study showed that the framework for controlling and compensating for counterproductive behaviors in sports teams includes components such as planning, professional ethics, motivation, selection of manpower, proportionality of salaries and benefits, information technology and creativity and innovation at work. In other words, the implementation of these components can lead to the control and compensation of counterproductive behaviors in sports teams.

Leptin is associated with metabolic disorders and promotes the development of liver steatosis to steatohepatitis. It selectively increases the secretion of Tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-a) in response to saturated fatty acid. The general purpose of this research was to determine the effects of eight weeks of continuous training and silymarin supplementation on the serum levels of TNF-α and leptin in Wistar rats with fatty liver disease.

In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats aged three weeks and weighting 159±3 grams were randomly divided into five groups: normal diet/saline, high-fat diet/saline (control), high-fat diet/supplemented, high-fat diet/exercise/saline, and high-fat diet/exercise/supplement. The rats were fed 10 grams per 100 grams of body weight (standard diet 13% fat and high-fat diet 41% fat) for eight weeks, and silymarin (140 mg per kilogram body weight) were given by gavage for 2 weeks. The continuous aerobic exercise protocol consisted 30 minutes of treadmill running at 70-75% of VO2max for eight weeks, five days a week. After sacrificing the animals, samples were taken and sent to the laboratory for histological analysis. The expression of leptin and TNF-α in the liver was measured using commercial ELISA kits.

The findings showed a greater decrease in hepatic leptin concentration in the high-fat diet + continuous exercise + supplement group (P<0.05) compared to the high-fat diet + continuous exercise + saline group (P<0.05). Tukey's post hoc test showed a greater decrease in the concentration of hepatic TNF-α in the high-fat diet + saline group (compared to the high-fat diet + supplement group) (P<0.05), and the high-fat + exercise + saline group (P<0.05). The weight of the rats in the normal diet + saline group differed significantly from other groups (P<0.05).

The results indicated that the combination of continuous training with silymarin supplementation can help reduce leptin and TNF-α in rats with a high-fat diet, an effect not observed by silymarin supplementation alone. Therefore, the combination of continuous aerobic exercises and silymarin supplementation can further oxidize fat and reduce inflammation in the body.

The important role of financial supporters and financial supporters in helping to develop different sectors of countries is quite obvious, and donors have found a special place in this regard. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the will and participation of this group of individuals in the development of sports venues and promote related per capita. For this purpose, the components identified in the two provinces of Golestan and Tehran was compared and comparatively comparable.

The present study is a type of applied research and a descriptive-surrounding data collection. Key points were used to identify effective factors based on the foundation's data strategy and coding. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section of the research included experts and specialists in the field of sports management. The FAHP technique was used to weight and prioritize components.

A total of 112 initial codes were extracted from a total of 16 interviews, which were reduced to 13 subs -categories during the coding process, and finally 6 main categories were extracted on the basis of secondary open codes. In Golestan province, the "economic factors" category of 0.54884 had the highest importance and the "development" of 0.05222 had the lowest priority. On the other hand, the results for Tehran province showed that the category of "economic factors" weighing 0.72314 has the highest degree of importance and the "trusting" category of 0.06652 has the lowest priority. The important point is that in all two provinces that have the highest weight, the "economic conditions" are "economic conditions".

In order to expand the qualitative and qualitative expansion of the charity culture in the community and to use the benefits and capabilities of the charity and encourage them to meet the sports needs of the community in different regions of the country, as well as guide and organize the charity's financial and specialized assistance, it is necessary to make a definite mechanism, Predict and adopt.

To present a model of sport diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

In this study, a snowball sampling technique was used to select an initial group for interview, and then the other groups were introduced for interview by the same group, and the sampling continued until the theoretical saturation was sufficient. In interview stage, 16 interviews were conducted to inform the experts. After reaching theoretical saturation by analyzing data from interviews, comparative studies, existing background and analysis, identified sport diplomacy items and finally sports diplomacy questionnaire was designed. For the reliability of the measuring instrument, the agreement between two coders based on kappa coefficient was used. To assess the content validity of the questionnaire, 8 experts in physical education were asked to examine the questions based on the first stage model. According to the experts, a final questionnaire with 104 questions was prepared.

After open coding, categories including causal conditions, contextual conditions, action strategies and consequences of sports diplomacy were extracted., At the axial and selective coding stage, the link between these categories was determined in the form of a research paradigm model and the final theory was formed.

In the qualitative stage model, the causal factors, power tools, financial conditions, and identity instruments were causal factors in the sport diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Structural factors, sport status of the country, participation, empowerment, and media were among the most effective background conditions in the sport diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The purpose of this study was to determine development strategies of sport digital economy in Iran.

This research was a qualitative research in terms of data collection method, which was conducted by grounded theory method and systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, and a semi-structured qualitative interview was used to collect data. The statistical population of the study included the scientific and executive elites who had experience in the fields of economics, technology, IT, e-commerce, digital businesses and digital economy and a total of 21 interviews were conducted. For data analysis, three stages of open, axial and selective coding were used as 31 open codes were obtained in five categories.

Using new digital media in sport, smartening of sports services and processes, employing skilled staff in the field of information technology in sports, designing sport platforms and applications, supporting sports entrepreneurs and startups were strategies for developing digital economy of sports in Iran.

Due to the fact that today the market environment has changed from its traditional form to digitalization, therefore, organizations, federations, clubs and sports-related jobs must implement the proposed strategies according to their circumstances

One of the things that has to do with the psychological atmosphere is the environment. So that environmental conditions can attract people in social groups, which is very important from a social perspective. Undoubtedly, improving the social situation through environmental capacities can create desirable effects in all areas (3). One of the most important environments in the present age is the environment of sports. Creating suitable environmental conditions in sports can improve the performance and quality of sports and bring good conditions for communities (4). Paying attention to sports and identifying its positive effects in society has been able to determine the social and cultural capabilities of sports more than before (5). But some marketing activities play an important and key role in improving sports. Ambush marketing is one of the marketing activities that has always been implemented in sports.Evaluating the functions of ambush retrieval on some behaviors and attitudes of individuals has always been questionable. The uncertainty of the effects of ambush marketing in some environments has caused the problems caused by ambush marketing in some environments, including sports, to remain unclear today (12). Due to the functions and concepts related to ambush marketing, its effects on the environment, including in sports, are identified as an ambiguous issue. The uncertainty of the effect of ambush marketing on the psychological atmosphere of sporting events has led to the fact that today an operational solution for ambush marketing management to reduce the existing psychological damage caused by this type of marketing is quite obvious. On the other hand, the ambiguity about the effects of ambush marketing on the psychological atmosphere of sports events has caused the concern of managing and controlling ambush marketing as an important and key aspect. So the researcher seeks to answer the question of whether ambush marketing risk management affects a healthy mental climate? Does the research model fit well?

The present study was an applied study that was conducted in a survey and field. To conduct this research, 160 people were selected from the managers, officials and supervisors of sports caravans by available-random sampling method as a research sample. Then, a researcher-made questionnaire including 21 questions and two components of ambush marketing management (17 questions and 8 sections including factors related to spectators, marketing, technical-managerial, cultural, event and sports related, sponsor, legal and media) He was mentally healthy (4 questions) and was scored based on the Likert 5 value spectrum. It was distributed and collected among the sample. Finally, in order to analyze the data, the method of structural equations using SPSS and PLS software was used.

The results showed that more than 81% of the sample were men and less than 19% were women and more than 63% were married. And more than 81% of the sample were people with a university degree. Also, according to the level of t-relationships, it was found that ambush marketing risk management has an effect of 0.812 on a healthy mental atmosphere (Table 1). On the other hand, it was found that the research model has a good fit in all indicators (Table 2).

The results showed that ambush marketing risk management improves the creation of a healthy mental atmosphere in sporting events. In other words, investing in improving the management status of ambush marketing risks causes the necessary platform to improve a healthy mental atmosphere in sports events. In interpreting this issue, it should be noted that ambush marketing risk management by involving values and ethics in sporting events can pave the way for the development of ethical activities in this regard. On the other hand, ambush marketing risk management by improving the situation of various aspects including factors related to spectators, marketing, technical-managerial, cultural, event and sports related, sponsor, legal and media causes the process of improving environmental health. Accelerate at sporting events. In other words, ambush marketing risk management can improve the mental and psychological conditions of sporting events by improving environmental health. This shows that ambush marketing has undesirable functions in the mental and psychological spheres, which will have adverse effects on sporting events and their audiences.

The purpose of this study was to design a model for the development of sport digital economy in Iran. This research was a qualitative research in terms of data collection method, which was conducted by grounded theory method and systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, and a semi-structured qualitative interview was used to collect data. The statistical population of the study included the scientific and executive elites who had experience in the fields of economics, technology, IT, e-commerce, digital businesses and digital economy and a total of 21 interviews were conducted. For data analysis, three stages of open, axial and selective coding were used as 140 open codes were obtained and in five categories of causal conditions, contextual, intervening, strategies and consequences of digital economy development in sports were classified. The development of access to computers and the Internet, the commercialization of sports, the growth of e-commerce and digital technologies were among the drivers of the development of the digital economy in sports. Due to the fact that today the market environment has changed from its traditional form to digitalization, therefore, organizations, federations and sports clubs and sports-related jobs must adapt to these changes and design their strategy for digitizing their processes, services, and activities.

 Lymphangiogenesis plays an important role in islet inflammation and insulin regulation. In this study, the effect of interval training and liposomal alpha lipoic acid supplementation on serum glucose, blood insulin, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR3) was examined in diabetic rat.

 25 male Wistar rats with an average age of 3 weeks, and weighing 159  ±3 g were divided in seven groups (n = 5) of control (healthy), diabetes + saline, diabetes + supplement, diabetes + exercise + saline, and diabetes + supplement + exercise. To induce diabetes, streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously, and then nicotine amid (120 mg/kg) was injected. Alpha lipoic acid was administered orally (20 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. The training program included intermediate interval training, including 6 weeks of training, 5 session per week, consisted of 13 periods of 4 minutes with an intensity of 70-65 percent VO2max running on a treadmill. Active rest between intervals was in the form of 2-minute runs with an intensity of 5-10 m/minute. After killing rats and sampling, pancreatic tissue was sent to the laboratory to examination the expression of VEGFR3 protein by immunohistochemistry, glucose by calorimetric method, and insulin by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA)-calorimetric method. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA in SPSS software at a significant level of P < 0.050.

 6 weeks of interval training and interval training with liposomal alpha lipoic acid had a significant effect on VEGFR3 pancreatic tissue, glucose, and serum insulin in diabetic rats. 6 weeks of liposomal alpha lipoic acid supplementation had a significant effect on VEGFR3 and serum insulin in diabetic rats.

 Intense interval training and liposomal alpha lipoic acid supplementation increased lymphangiogenesis and decreased blood glucose and favorable changes in diabetic rats.

the purpose of this study is to investigate the conceptual model of the impact of leadership styles on succession in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran: the mediating role of managers competence. The present study is descriptive-correlational and it is a causal type. The statistical population of this study consisted of all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth in 2019 to 890 people (569 men, 321 women). Based on the Morgan table, we selected 268 persons via nonrandom convenience sampling. The research tools consisted of Likert surveys for leadership styles (1998), Competence of Managers (Mohamadi et al, 2014) and Kim’s succession planning survey (2006). The Pearson correlation coefficient, t-sample correlation tests are used by SPSS and Lisrel software. The results showed that the trajectory coefficient of leadership styles on succession parenting is more than 0.412. The path coefficient for managers competence on succession is equal to 0.952. The path coefficient for leadership styles on the competence of managers is more than 0.506 and these values ​​are positive and significant and the competence of managers in influencing leadership styles on succession in the ministry Sports and youth in Iran are a minor mediator.

The study is to examine the operating model of the mediating role of organizational agility and organizational innovation in the causal relationship between intellectual capital and organizational entrepreneurship in Iran’s Ministry of Sport and Youth. This was an applied, qualitative and correlational-survey research with the structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population included 890 employees of Iran’s Ministry of Sport and Youth, out of which 268 were randomly selected as the sample based on Krejcie and Morgan table. The following four questionnaires were used to collect the data: Bontis’ Intellectual Capital (2000), Sharifi and Zhang’s Organizational Agility (1999), Nasution’s Organizational Innovation (2011), and Brown’s Organizational Entrepreneurship (1997). Path analysis by LISREL using the Sobel test to determine the specific indirect effects showed that organizational agility is of a significant mediating role in the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational entrepreneurship; organizational innovation has also a significant mediating role in the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational entrepreneurship in Iran’s Ministry of Sport and Youth. The research model explanation indicates the high importance of intellectual capital, organizational agility, innovation, and entrepreneurship. These variables can, in an organizational work environment, contribute to organizational goals and improve performance.

The main aim of this study was to modeling the effect of organizational agility on organizational entrepreneurship with the mediating role of the intellectual capital in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran. The statistical population of this study included all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth that based on Cochran's formula, 268 of these employees were selected as a statistical sample by stratified random sampling. The tools used to collect research data included three standard questionnaires of Sharifi and Yang's (2004) Organizational Agility, Bonits's (2008) Intellectual Capital and Brown's (1997) Organizational Entrepreneurship. The questionnaire used have 16, 12 and 18 items with a five-point Likert scale, respectively. To evaluate the validity of the research tool, the opinions of 8 PhDs in sport management were used and the reliability of the questionnaires in a pilot study by using Cronbach's alpha for organizational agility, intellectual capital and organizational entrepreneurship was 0.78, 0.81 and 0.83, respectively which indicate their reliability is acceptable. The research findings showed organizational agility had a positive and significant impact on organizational entrepreneurship (t=15.511, β=0.722). The results also showed organizational agility had a positive and significant impact on the intellectual capital (t=46.561, β=0.804). Intellectual capital also had a positive and significant impact on organizational entrepreneurship (t=3.878, β=0.198). Finally, the results showed organizational agility with the mediating role of the employees' intellectual capital had a positive effect on organizational entrepreneurship (t=3.869, β=0.181).

The present study was conducted to investigate the effective factors on the professional identity of national team athletes. This study was a mixed study in terms of the methodology. The statistical population for the qualitative part of the study included 13 experts from the field of research, and the statistical population for the quantitative part included all the athletes of the national teams of Iran in different sports fields, with no detailed information on their numbers. As such, 200 of these individuals were identified as available participants. The data collection was done through conduction of interview and using the questionnaire. The qualitative results of the research showed that, 24 factors were extracted from the interviews, which were classified into four categories: team, technical, individual, and family-friends. The results showed that, all identified factors had a significant effect on the professional identity of national team athletes. Meanwhile, the effect of individual factors on the professional identity of national team athletes was more than other factors.

Exercise as a source of positive change in different periods such as childhood, adolescence and puberty can improve the general condition of individuals and create a lifelong learning process. People participating in sports are at a good level in terms of health and well-being and have good mental and emotional conditions. Exercise also has positive social and psychological consequences among individuals.While sports seem to provide numerous benefits to participants around the world, the level of sports participation is declining or stagnant. Various variables affect the path of improving sports participation. Meanwhile, Anderson et al. (2019) pointed out that psychological issues play an important role in attracting people to sports environments.Another important issue for people to participate in sports is fashion. Fashionism is the interaction of individual values and messages that are often understood collectively. Fashionism can lead to a tendency to a certain behavior, or to the consumption of a particular commodity, or to adopt a particular style of life.However, the lack of knowledge about the effects of psychological and fashion dimensions on the tendency to exercise in adolescents has led to the lack of serious and practical activities in this regard today, which has overshadowed the process of improving the tendency to exercise. On the other hand, the research gap in this field has caused that the desired capacities of psychological dimensions have not been used in order to improve the tendency of adolescent sports. Therefore, the researcher seeks to answer the question of whether the psychological and fashion dimensions have a significant effect on the tendency to exercise in adolescents?

The present research is a descriptive-survey and applied research that was conducted in the field. To conduct this research, 8881 people (4129 girls; 4752 boys) were selected from among the first high school students of Saqez city, based on Morgan table, 368 people were selected as a sample. Questions and components (psychological capital, cultural capital, mental health, self-efficacy and self-concept), Safari Sports Orientation Questionnaire (2004) with 30 questions and Kashkar et al. (2017) fashion questionnaire with 31 questions distributed among the sample and 343 A questionnaire was collected. Finally, in order to analyze the data of the present study, the structural equation method was used. The whole process of data analysis was performed in SPSS and AMOS software.

The results showed that psychological and fashion dimensions have a significant effect on the tendency to exercise in adolescents. It was also found that all indicators of research model reporting are in good condition, which indicates the appropriateness of research model fit status.

In line with the findings of the present study, Humphreys et al. (2014) conducted a "study of physical activity outcomes in Canada" and found that regular exercise and regular exercise led to maximizing the potential of exercise in To improve health. This shows that the tendency to exercise as a concern should always be considered. Regular physical activity brings significant physical, mental and social health benefits to young people.The results of the present study showed that by improving the situation of fashion, we can expect that the tendency to adolescent sports to increase quite clearly. Fashionism can lead people to socialize and participate in social activities if it is in accordance with the principles and values of society. Due to the attractiveness of sports environments, fashion can draw people to these environments. In other words, fashion is a reason for people to participate in sports. Among adolescents, the existence of fashion according to the values of society can lead them to participate in sports (17). This issue has led to the present study to determine that fashion has a significant role in improving the tendency to adolescent sports.

The aim of this study was to design strategies of rural sport development with an emphasis on native and local sports. The study was conducted based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. This method is based on mathematics and the questionnaire was completed by the elites. To analyze the data and to obtain the results, Expert Choice software was used. The results of this study showed that SO strategies (final weight=0.368) occupied the first place; WO strategies (relative weight=0.281) had the second place; ST strategies (relative weight=0.196) ranked the third one and WT strategies (relative weight=0.156) had the fourth place. So, the best strategies were the restoration, maintenance and development of natural physical environments with diverse talents in rural areas, holding native-local sport Olympiads (hosted by one or some close rural areas each year), the establishment of natural residences for ecosystems (eco tourists), the establishment of sport-joy carnivals in different rural areas, the enactment of rural sports, codifying and passing them in Native Local Sport Federation.

Recently، energy drink consumption by athletes has become increasingly popular. Athletes believe that energy drinks can be used to enhance their performance during training and competition due to their potentially ergogenic ingredients such as carbohydrates، caffeine، sodium and taurine، among others. Therefore، the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the acute ingestion of a taurine and caffeine-containing drink on Wingate cycle performance and blood lactate levels in active men. A sample of 19 active male students (age: 8/0±3/22years، height7/6±2/71: cm، weight: 4/5±9/175kg) from Mazandaran University were selected. This research was conducted on two separate sessions with four days rest in between. In the first session، all of the subjects participated in the Wingate test، after having a standard breakfast، and after the blood taking (before and 2 min after test) and hand muscle esterangth measurement. In the second session، subjects were randomly divided in three groups (taurine and caffeine-containing drink، placebo and no drink groups). Immediately after having breakfast (forty minutes prior to test beginning)، each group received 6 ml/kg. bw of related beverages. In the taurine and caffeine-containing drink group، minimum (p=0/017) and mean (p=0/029) power was increased and blood lactate before (p=0/357) and after (p=0/920) the test، was unchanged Conlusion: In conclusion a commercially-available taurine and caffeine-containing drink (Red Bull) enhances anaerobic power of active male.

Cardiovascular diseases are the most significant factors leading to death. This study was done to determine the effect of eight weeks aerobic training on level serum lipid and lipoprotein in non athletic women. This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 30 non athletic women. Subjects were devided into control and experimental groups through gained Vo2max. HDL-c, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, VLDL-c, RF (TC/HCL) and subdermal fat percent were evaluted perior and after training for eight weeks as follow: three session in each weeks with one hour aerobic training in each session. Data analyzed using SPSS-14 and independent and dependent T student tests. The significant reduction of RF, TC and percent of subdermal fat were observed in experimental group after training in comparison with prieor phase (P<0.05). Significant reduction of RF, LDL-C, TC and subdermal fat were observed in experimental group in comparison with contols after training (P<0.05). The increase of HDL-c and reduction of TG and VLDL-c were observed in experimental group compared to control but these differences were not significant. This study showed that aerobic training reduce total cholesterol, LDL-c, RF and percent of subdermal fat in non athletic women.