فهرست مطالب اصغر محمدی

This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the model of barriers to participation of the elderly in sports in the form of a model. The research method is mixed, in which a qualitative section of 17 professors and experts in the field of geriatric sports were purposefully consulted, and 8 factors were identified as barriers to the participation of the elderly in sports, including barriers to personal and personality traits. Were cultural and social, environmental, facilities, information, health status, financial and economic, and structural barriers. In the quantitative part, 324 elderly people answered the research questionnaire through face-to-face and online questionnaires by available sampling method. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed using the opinions of sports management professors and experts, and its reliability was calculated to be 0.93 through Cronbach's alpha. Exploratory factor analysis test was also confirmed by a researcher-made questionnaire. Structural equation analysis test of the proposed research model showed that all the factors identified in this study have a significant effect on reducing the participation of the elderly in sports, among which the effect of cultural and social barriers had the highest rate with 34%. Due to the increasing elderly population in the country, and the sensitivity of this segment of society, it is suggested to the country's officials and managers, based on the priorities identified in this study, to remove barriers to the elderly in sports, to continue a more active lifestyle. Have your own life.

Zamofilia is one the most valuable foliage plants which is commonly propagated using vegetative methods. This technique requires a great number of mother plants to provide adequate cuttings for commercial propagation which hardly seem to meet the most economical expectations. However, due to the slow growth habit of this plant, even under ideal growing conditions, its commercial and mass production are limited by some species-related characteristics. Therefore, developing an improved method of micropropagation which lead to a fast and reliable mass propagation technique may overcome most of these limitations especially at commercial scale. In this regard, this research was conducted and aimed to introduce an efficient micropropagation method in in-vitro condition for rapid propagation of this plant. Two different concentrations of BAP (1 and 2 mg L-1) and NAA (0 and 0.1 2 mg L-1 ) were applied on the explants taken from one of the three different positions of the leaflets (i.e., lower, middle and upper parts) cultured in MS medium and treated with blue (460 nm) or red (660 nm) light supplied by LED luminaries The results showed that the best treatment for callus and protocorm formation with the maximum stimulation (93.75%) and (66.66%) was the application of 2 mg/L BAP along with 0.1 mg/L NAA in The light was red. Callus production occurred in cut surfaces by 90% under blue and 85% under red light, while these lights induced protocorm indirectly by 80% and 90% respectively, leaving the rest to be regenerated by directly. Blue and red light induced protocorm emergence by 95% and 97% respectively from the cut surface and the parts around the cut location were responsible for the emergence of the remained protocorms. The highest rate of regeneration of protocorms (95%) in the treatment of 0.1 mg/liter NAA .

The purpose of this research was to investigate the indicators of social responsibility in the banking system and its relationship with organizational socialization. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical in terms of the nature of the problem and the purpose of the research is an applied research and examines the relationship between the research variables including the dimensions of social responsibility in the banking system as independent variables and the dimensions of organizational socialization in the city of Tehran. The statistical population under study is all the employees of 11 companies under the holding group of Maskan Bank Financial Group, whose total number is 719 at the time of the research (year 1401). Sample Power software was used to select the sample size. which selects samples more accurately than Cochran's formula and Morgan's table or other methods, so the number of samples equal to 280 people was obtained with the use of this software.

Insurance frauds are one of the most harmful concerns of insurers and policyholders in all insurance products. One of the most important factors affecting insurance fraud in this research is religiosity, individualism, social welfare and trust .Frauds cause mistrust and disintegration of the social and economic system.The purpose of this research is to investigate social factors affecting third party insurance frauds. This research is based on a mixed approach applying a exploratory approach.In the qualitative part,the statistical population included all experts in the field of insurance and economic sociology which reached the saturation limit of 26 experts using the purposeful and Snowball sampling method. In the quantitative part, the statistical population includes 4,652,510 third-party insurance policyholders in Tehran,which 384 individuals were selected as a sample by cluster sampling method.The validity of a questionnaire was confirmed by the face validity method and its content and reliability was confirmed by using Cronbach’s alpha method.The qualitative data analysis was done through thematic analysis method and the quantitative data was done through confirmatory factor analysis method with the aim of Amos 21 computer software. Among the social factors, social welfare, trust, religiosity and individualism are respectively -0.56, -0.52, -0.43 and 0.36 directly and religiosity with factor load (-0.447) indirectly from the model have supported the measurement. According to the findings of the qualitative part of the research, a total of 57 basic themes,19 organizing themes, and 4 overarching themes(social welfare, trust, religiosity and individualism) have been identified that could be effective on third party insurance frauds.

Premarital counseling and education include (6–8) hours training courses that is being held at Sanitary Centers with the aim of teaching marital-life skills. All couples are required to take this training courses before formal marriage. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of premarital counseling and education on the couples compatibility.

The method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study included all the young people of Isfahan and Shahrekord cities who got married in (1396-1398). The sample size determined by Cochran's formula and is equal to 387. The samples were chosen by availability sampling method. Data gathered through questionnaire of Graham B. Spanier’s Dyadic Adjustment Scale and a researcher-making questionnaire of Premarital education and consultation. Data were analyzed through quantitative techniques (Regression test) and Spss & Amos software.

The findings indicated that the "premarital education and consultation" has a direct, positive and significant effect on "couples compatibility" and its dimensions. This effect is about (30%) on satisfaction of marital life, (26%) on marital cohesion of the couples, (23%) on their agreement and unanimity and (15%) on feelings and sentiment.

As shown by the results of the research, "premarital education and counseling" has an effect on the "couples compatibility". In other words, these courses increase the compatibility of the couples and subsequently increase the security of families and society. Therefore, it is vital to pay more attention to premarital education and counseling and increase the duration of these courses.

The present research was conducted with the aim of exploring and explaining organizational factors affecting third-party liability insurance violations in the Iranian insurance industry.

The current study is based on a descriptive-exploratory mixed methodology. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the study includes experts from the fields of insurance management and economic sociology and development. The survey was conducted using a purposive and snowball sampling method of 26 experts until saturation. The statistical population of the quantitative part of the study included employees of Tehran insurance companies. A total of 354 people were selected as a statistical sample using a cluster sampling method. The instrument for data collection was semi-structured interviews with experts in the qualitative part and questionnaires in the quantitative part. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by form and content methods and its reliability by the Cronbach's alpha method. The data from the qualitative part of the study was analyzed using the thematic analysis method and the data from the quantitative part using confirmatory factor analysis with the Amos21 software.

Based on the results of the qualitative part, a total of 52 basic themes, 18 organizing themes and 5 inclusive themes (organizational justice, organizational commitment, informal organization, organizational culture and legality) were identified. According to the results of the quantitative part, organizational justice and organizational commitment have a negative and inverse effect with -0.84 and -0.56, respectively, and the variable of informal organization has a positive and direct effect with 0.54 on the violations of employees of insurance companies operating in the field of third-party liability insurance. The variable of organizational justice had an effect on the violations of insurance company employees through the influence on organizational commitment and informal organization.

Based on the research findings, it is suggested that the organizational factors presented in this study should be considered in the strategic plans of the insurance industry in addressing insurance violations and should be emphasized by insurance companies. In the area of organizational justice, it is suggested that in order to restore organizational justice, the mentioned values should be considered among the employees of the insurance companies and the implementation of justice in the organizational processes. In terms of organizational commitment, it is suggested that the dimensions of organizational commitment considered in this research should be considered as a basis for improving the organizational commitment of employees. In relation to informal organization, it is also suggested that if there is a positive attitude towards informal organizations, their existence should be used in line with the objectives and strategies of insurance companies.

Earthquake is one of the phenomena that, when it occurs, the society faces many dangers and disturbances. Iran is one of the countries that faces numerous and large faults in its wide area. This research was carried out with a sociological approach, with the aim of investigating the social, economic and psychological consequences of the survivors of the West Kermanshah earthquake and with the survey method. The statistical population includes all people over the age of 18 in the cities of Sarpol Zahab and Salas Babajani. Cochran's formula was used to determine the statistical sample (600 people), and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. Data analysis was also done using PLS and SPSS statistical software in two parts, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The findings showed that, the occurrence of an earthquake on all research variables with (sig=0.001) at the alpha level of 0.05 on the sense of social security, social responsibility, adaptability of citizens, social solidarity with others, determinism, sense of economic security, Job changes, mental health, resilience and duty-oriented towards God have an effect.

Culture is the distinguishing factor of societies and groups and the main pillar of the personality and human identity of every nation and we can talk about culture and specific cultural identity. Immigrant acceptance in big cities with different cultures and ethnicities has caused cultural diversity, the culture of native and non-native people has been influenced by two currents of particularism and generalism, cultural separation is one of its consequences. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of the components of globalization and traditionalism on cultural particularism in the Hamadan city and with the approach of cultural system and Parsons pattern variables, as well as the theories of globalization and traditionalism. The research was conducted with a survey method and using a questionnaire with a sample size of 500 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster method and random sampling. SPSS and PLS statistical software were also used for data analysis. Based on the analysis of structural equations, the research hypotheses have been confirmed, and it tells about the significant impact of globalization, traditionalism, cyberspace, education, religiosity and being an immigrant or a native on cultural particularism. Overall, independent variables explain 67% of the dependent variable variance, ie cultural particularism.

Marital infidelity has emerged as a significant challenge in modern married life, leading to the unfortunate breakdown of numerous families. Despite its destructive impact, there remains a lack of comprehensive awareness and understanding surrounding this issue. Hence, the objective of this study was to develop a model for comprehending couple dissolution through the lens of social exclusion. To achieve this, a qualitative methodology known as grounded theory was adopted, allowing for the construction of a robust research model. Fifteen academic experts and family counselors were purposively selected as participants, representing the sample for this study. In-depth interviews were conducted as the primary method of data collection, continuing until theoretical saturation was achieved. The findings of this research revealed a comprehensive model outlining the process of couple dissolution using the social exclusion approach. This model comprised six key components: causal factors, central phenomena, strategies, underlying factors, interfering factors, and consequences. Moreover, the results underscored the effectiveness of incorporating the theory of social exclusion in explaining and gaining deeper insights into the complex phenomenon of couple dissolution. By utilizing this theoretical framework, a more nuanced understanding of the various elements and intricacies surrounding marital infidelity can be achieved. Unfortunately, our society today is witnessing the rise of individuals who promote the culture of living a solitary life through their words and actions. Therefore, it is recommended that local and national institutions strive to create an environment that encourages greater family participation while purging the community from corruption and obscenities. This will make it easier and more appealing for families to engage and participate in society. Furthermore, municipalities can play a significant role by organizing cultural and social family programs, making a vivid impact.

In developing countries, not only economic growth is considered a goal, but also these countries, along with developed countries, consider increasing the quality of life as one of the main goals and one of the criteria for development. The aim of this study was to investigate the social consequences of floods with emphasis on quality of life and life expectancy. This research was conducted by survey method and in order to improve the validity of the questionnaire measures of face validity and reliability by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient which was higher than 0.70 for all variables. The statistical population of this study is the population of flood victims 15 years and older in the cities of Shousha, Hamidiyeh, Karun, Bostan, Shadegan, Rafi, Susangard, part of Ahvaz and the villages around Ahvaz (49607 people) to select the sample size among the statistical population of Cochrane general formula was used. Thus, according to Cochran's formula, 600 people were obtained as the sample size. To analyze the data using two methods of descriptive and inferential statistics and using SPSS software, after preparing the matrix table, the information was organized in the form of one-dimensional and two-dimensional tables. Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between the independent variable of flood occurrence and the dependent variables of physical health, mental health, social relations and life expectancy.

The use of drought-tolerant rootstocks, such as seeded and rainfed watermelons, and pumpkins, is an effective solution for increasing tolerance to drought stress in watermelons. For this purpose, this experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to evaluate the effects of irrigation treatment at three levels (1-0.8; 0.6 -0.8; and 0.3-0.6 FC) and rootstock type at five levels (control, three rootstocks of rainfed and seeded watermelons including Sabzevar, Khajahe and Ashtian and one rootstock of pumpkin: Shintoza) on physiological and biochemical parameters in watermelon Crimson Sweet Super Dragon F1. The results showed that the number of leaf stomata in grafted and non-grafted plants decreased with the increase of dryness levels, and the grafted plants on Shintoza rootstock had a higher stomatal density. Drought stress caused a significant decrease in chlorophyll index and leaf relative water content and increased electrolyte leakage in studied watermelons. The total antioxidant capacity and the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes increased as a result of drought stress, but this increase was greater in grafted plants on Shintoza and Sabzevar rootstocks than in plants grafted on Ashtian and Khajahe rootstocks as well as watermelons.. Watermelons grafted on Sabzevar and Shintoza rootstocks produced the highest content, while non-grafted and grafted watermelons on Ashtian rootstocks produced the lowest content of leaf phenolic compounds Potassium and phosphorus levels in plants with normal irrigation were higher than plants under stress. As a result, yield and vegetative growth traits were significantly affected by irrigation and transplanting treatments.

It is evident that although empowerment is effective in changing the lifestyle of rural inhabitants, due to the dominance of rationalist approaches in the planning system of Iran, the empowerment of rural residents has not been adequately addressed in the country's planning and policy-making. The present research, conducted through documentary and survey methods, aims to investigate the impact of planning types on rural empowerment and ultimately its effect on the sustainable socio-cultural development of rural settlements. The statistical population of this study encompasses the inhabited rural settlements in the central district surrounding Hamadan County. Out of the total 107 inhabited villages in Hamadan County, 50 settlements were randomly selected. The selection of rural settlements was done using a combined random sampling method, including stratified or class sampling. The sample size selected was 382 households, chosen randomly. For data analysis, in addition to descriptive techniques, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis were used to assess the relationship and impact among the study variables. The results showed that out of 14 indicators examined, 7 indicators (education and information, the manner and mode of participation, social capital, improvement in individuals' living standards, self-determination, trust and confidence, and transparency) have a significant correlation with the socio-cultural development component of the rural areas under study, according to experts and rural respondents. In fact, the Pearson test results indicate the existence of a relationship between the planning approach and the empowerment and sustainable socio-cultural development of the villages in the study area.

This research was implemented with the aim of investigating the social factors affecting the formation of the of premarital relationships between girls and boys in Pasargad township.

The method of this study is descriptive-survey and the statistical population of the study is 9900 people, including young people aged 15 to 30 years old of Pasargad township. The sample size derived from Cochran's formula is 371 people and the sampling method is random sampling in such a way that the writer divided the mentioned township into 4 main regions, went to each of these locations and selected them randomly . The research tool is a self-made questionnaire which the its validity was formal type and the variables have been determined using the opinions of the course professor and statistics experts. Also Cronbach's alpha was used to measure reliability which the result was 0.9.

The results of multivariate analysis showed that the tendency of friends to friendship with the opposite sex had the most effects and was able to explain 0.30 of the changes in the dependent variable. In inferential analysis there is a significant relationship between all independent variables studied except the level of education with the dependent variable of formation of girl-boy relationships. The result of the t-test for investigating the education variable showed that the level of education does not have effect on the formation of premarital girl-boy relationship. Keywords: Social factors, Girl-boy relationships, Family attitude, Tendency of friends to the opposite sex, Social class

The main purpose of this study is a comparison between social evolution with the interpretation and words of Professor Motahari and Herbert Spencer's point of view. The method used in this study is descriptive-comparative and the means of collecting data is, authentic documents, evidence, books and articles through library method. The results of this research show that, although Spencer's evolutionary approach is different from Motahari's view on the concept of evolution, both of them have dealt with this concept with two different views. One with a religious view influenced by the religious teachings of Islam and some social and religious thinkers such as Allameh Tabatabaei and the other with a sociological approach and influenced by the ideas of Darwin and Lamarck. For example, they both share the definition of social evolution, which means more diversity and division of labor, as well as not believing in unilinear evolution. However, from Shahid Motahari's point of view, social evolution emerges through collective agreements and adaptations, not through differences and contradictions; But Spencer sees the evolution of society as the result of political and regional wars.

Changes in the spatial land use structure of cities have exacerbated social issues, including reduced social adjustment among residents of urban residential complexes. In recent years, attention to the dimensions of environmental sustainability and quality of life and healthy communities, has led to more attention to the dimensions of quality in urban and residential environments, according to which, one of the factors to increase the quality of life in people's living environment, adaptation It is social. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between cultural capital and social capital as well as the dimensions of social capital with social adjustment among residents of residential complexes in Isfahan in 1398, which was studied with a combination of sociological and psychological theories. Participatory survey and interview were conducted and the data were collected using a questionnaire with appropriate reliability and validity, by cluster sampling and multi-stage stratified random sampling. The statistical population of this study is all individuals and households living in residential complexes in Isfahan with about 1155800 people A total of 385 residents were selected as a sample according to the Cochran's formula. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data using SPSS and AMOS software. According to the research in this paper results, there is an inverse and significant relationship between cultural capital and social adjustment of residents. Also, there is a direct and significant relationship between social capital and its dimensions (social trust, connection to social networks and normativeness) and social adjustment of residents

This research is in the field of improving the level of community security with (crime prevention approach) and with the aim of developing cities.In this approach,security is one of the most important variables for development,the lack of which can have positive or negative effects on the development process of a city and crime prevention.

The method of this research is a survey,a questionnaire collection tool,a statistical population of 12022 people,the size of which is 483 people,the sampling method is one,quota and finally random samples available. It is an opinion derived from the Copenhagen school of realism,Giddens,Chalabi's theories,and the total reliability is equal to 0/7.

Based on the results of the standardized regression weight(lack of security -0.287) has been shown to be effective on industrial development and the data related to the variable of security and industrial development are normal,because the significant level of the research variable in Klamave Smirnov's test is greater than 0.05.The effect of the lack of necessary security on industrial development is significant, and the negative value of the test indicates the inverse and negative effect of the lack of security on industrial development,that is,the greater the lack of security,the lower the rate of industrial development and the greater the crime,so security on The development of industry in small and medium cities of Lorestan province (with a crime prevention approach) has a significant effect.

AbstractIn this survey, the researchers aim to answer to this question that "if religious identity, as one of the social functions of religion, could have a positive influence on cultural compatibility of immigrant ethnicities". To answer this question, firstly, the writers come to this conclusion using theoretical design of cultural pluralism that in order to make cultural compatibility, it is required that common values provided within a common identity and this common identity given based on religion. In order to evaluate the main question of this research measuring method and questionnaire tools were utilized and the data also collected from a 212 sample population. Using SPSS and AOMS software, the data were provided within the test of descriptive and analytical tables based on correlation matrix. The results of this research indicate the positive and significant effect of religious identity on cultural compatibility among ethnicities. More results of this research include the effect of age and the years of residence on cultural compatibility.

Social identity has a special place in today's societies, especially in societies in transition from tradition to modernity. Women in these societies face many challenges in gaining and establishing this identity. There are more challenges when social identity is associated with elements of gender, employment and ethnicity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the experience of working women in Ahvaz from the challenges of their social identity in four ethnic groups: Fars, Arab, Bakhtiari and Kurdish. The method of the present research is qualitative and descriptive phenomenology. The number of sample people in each ethnic group was 10 and a total of 40 people. The sampling method was purposeful and maximum variety. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and clustering method was used to analyze the data. Participants' review and monitoring methods, researcher self-review in the process of data collection and analysis, and re-coding of interviews by two other researchers were used to assess the reliability and validity of the research. A total of 2 main categories and 18 sub-categories were obtained from data analysis. Barriers and facilitators to women's social identity were key categories in all four ethnicities. Findings indicated the effect of employment and ethnicity on women's social identity experience. Arab women considered their social identity in need of promotion and consolidation, Persian women defined their identity more than other ethnic groups, and Kurdish women and Bakhtiari expressed their identity completely influenced by the employment and coexistence of ethnic groups.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects and consequences of Yavardeh subculture in the villages of Gilan and Markazi provinces with emphasis on some elements of Rogers peasant subculture. Because the helper is very important because it is in the category of subcultures. But with regard to the subject, the research method of this research is qualitative and in this regard, the ethnographic method with a sociological approach has been used. The technique of data collection was interview, note-taking and observation (field research). In this regard, the study population in Gilan province included farmers in 11 villages and the study population in Markazi province also included 11 villages. Accordingly, the selected samples are as follows: 24 villagers participating in the interview, from Gilan province and 23 villagers interviewed, from Markazi province, and the samples were selected based on the presence of helpers in a village. , In other words, purposeful sampling has been used; The results are inconsistent with the findings, character and behavior of rural villagers in Gilan and Markazi provinces with the elements in the Rogers peasant subculture, including lack of empathy, distrust, dependence on government and lack of acceptance of innovation. Not only is it not an obstacle to development, but it will be a kind of ground for development.

Basically, leisure and planning for it has become one of the criteria for recognizing development and evaluating the quality of life, and therefore it is necessary to examine the factors related to the level of different leisure patterns of citizens. Considering the importance of the issue of passing different leisure patterns, this study was conducted to investigate the role of social capital in the rate of passing different leisure patterns among the citizens of Isfahan in urban spaces. The research method is survey and the statistical population of people 18 years and older in the city of Isfahan, whose number according to the latest statistics is about 1500000 thousand people and 600 of these people using the Cochran's formula is considered as a sample size. . The results show that between the total amount of social capital (P = 0.34), and its dimensions, ie social trust (P = 0.39), social participation (P = 0.30), social support (0.35) = P), social cohesion (P = 0.32) and social awareness (P = 0.23) and the rate of passing different leisure patterns of citizens there is a positive and significant relationship; Therefore, all research hypotheses are confirmed. The results obtained from the structural equation model (Smart PLS) also indicate that social capital has a moderate effect on passing different leisure patterns (0.57) and the social capital variable in total (0.32) of the variance of the variable passing different leisure patterns Explains. Keywords: Isfahan city, social capital, leisure, different patterns of leisure, urban space.