فهرست مطالب اعظم بهرامی

The purpose of this research is to predict the socio-emotional competence of adolescents based on the reflective capacity of the mother, taking into account the role of the mediator of the family's emotional atmosphere.

The current research is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the research is the students of the second secondary level of the 3rd education district of Qom, who were studying in the academic year 2021-22. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size equal to 363 people was selected based on the multi-stage cluster sampling method. In order to collect data, Zhou et al.'s socio-emotional competence questionnaire (2012), Hillburn's emotional atmosphere questionnaire (1964) and Fonagy et al.'s reflective capacity questionnaire (2016) were used. Data analysis and evaluation of the proposed model was done through structural equation modeling and using SPSS and Lisrel software.

The results showed that the mother's reflective capacity predicts the social-emotional competence of adolescents (β=0.68, P<0.001). Also, based on the findings of this research, the reflective capacity of the mother through the mediating variable of the emotional atmosphere of the family also has a predictive role on the socio-emotional competence of adolescents (β=0.89, P<0.001).

According to the results of the research, higher levels of reflective capacity of mothers expect higher competence of teenagers in the studied age range and vice versa. Examining the reflective capacity of mothers in the form of existing tools and measures and having a picture of it can be useful in holding courses based on their mentalization.

Leading research tries to use a descriptive-analytical approach, and design a model of a combination of "freedom", "positive and negative peace", "peaceful justice" and "just peace", the conceptual relationship of peace in this combination in the thought and political behavior of Imam Ali. (AS) check. The main question is whether peace overlaps with the two concepts of justice and freedom in the thought and political behavior of Imam Ali (AS) and based on a religious structure or not? The results indicate that peace in the thought and political behavior of Imam Ali (AS) is an important and parallel concept and in line with the two concepts of justice and freedom. Peace-seeking in the political behavior of that Imam, in parallel with the creation and realization of the two values ​​of justice and freedom, has been accompanied by the consent of God and in the direction of human charity. What is accepted by Imam Ali (as) is "just peace" and not absolutely conciliatory justice; Because just peace promotes religious values ​​in a religious structure and society

Background and

 Addiction is one of the four major global crises. Young people in the scholarly period are susceptible to high-risk behaviors due to more participation in their peers' groups, including substance use. Sports and exercise are considered protective factors. However, athletes also sometimes engage in drug-related behaviors. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional self-regulation, self-efficacy, and resilience with the addiction potential in Qom students.

 This research is a correlational study. By the convenience sampling method, 384 students (128 female) from Qom universities in Iran were selected. Affective Style Questionnaire (Hofmann & Kashdan, 2010), Self-Efficacy Scale (Sherer & Adams, 1983), resilience (Connor & Davidson, 2003), and addiction potential scale (Weed & Butcher, 1992) were distributed among the population for data collection. In analyzing the data, hierarchical regression and SPSS 26 software have been used.

 The results of this study showed that the addiction potential with emotional self-regulation, self-efficacy, and resilience has a significant and negative correlation, and also the results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that adapting among emotional styles with resilience had the greatest effect on reducing the addiction potential, so that adaptation alone 4% of variance tended to drug use and resilience. Alone, 3% of the variance explains the substance use tendency. Finally, studies demonstrated that there are significant positive relationship between gender and sport activity with addiction potential.

 The results of the research showed that emotional self-regulation, self-efficacy, and resilience as protective factors in reducing drug use in students, and their cultivation could be reducing the addiction potential in students.

The spread of Shiism in Andalusia was very slow compared to other Islamic sects. In spite of the growth of various religious and academic thoughts, the situation for developing Alawid thoughts was not created. However, there are a number of monographs about the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt were written by the Sunni scholars in Andalusia. The book entitledDorar al samt fi khbar al sabtis one of the virtuegraphies penned by Ibn-e Abbar Andalusia (deceased in 658) emphasizing on the Ashura tragedy. Studying such works would be useful in know the viewpoints of sunnis about the Ahl al-Bayt in Andalusia. The main question addressed in this research is that what role had the book Dorar al samt fi khbar al sabt played in introducing the Ahl al-Bayt in Andalusia? As this work is written in a space and time far from a Shiite atmosphere, it seemingly reflects the influx and influence of the Ahl al-Bayts' thoughts to people who have been affected and governed by opposition and fanatical governments. Likewise, this work has been influential in softening and modifying the Sunnis' fanatical views towards the Ahl al-Bayt.

With the arrival of Islam in Andalusia, the Christians there were exposed to various changes in the face of the influence of the new culture and religion. Some of them adapted to the new Islamic environment through the process of becoming Arab, while others tried to maintain their religious identity while witnessing the influence of Muslims on Christians. The present study seeks to identify some of the texts written by Muslim Christian writers in Andalusia in the 12th century A.D., relying on and using the Qur'an and the sources of early Christian theology, in order to distinguish the religious identity of Christians in the Islamic context. And to preserve, to examine, and in this regard to answer and address the main concern of the research, which is the compatibility of religions - Islam and Christianity - in Andalusia.

The Saqifa incident after the Prophet’s departure was a starting point in the formation of new arrangements of political power in the traditional context of the religious society in that era. In that political struggle (i.e. Saqifa), Ali bin Abi Talib was ignored and, afterwards, other Imams were not much directly present, if at all, in the political and governmental sphere, except for the presence of Imam Ali and Imam Hassan as caliphs and Imam Reza’s presence as vicegerent or crown prince. The swing of Imams’ entering the sphere of political power and their withdrawal had numerous reasons, among them one can refer to the violent governance and behavior of the ruling power, Imams’ approach to the political power and the government as well as explaining it in its subject matter and its creed. Meanwhile, the sphere of social power was open to them and spread before them. The social power was the best channel through which Imams could rightly explain the religious thought in theory and practice. The present study attempts to answer the question of “how was the Imams’ approach and performance in the two spheres of political and social power?” and investigates it assuming that the power was a subject matter and creed for Imams. In this regard, to explain the study better, we have used the political sociology and political sciences, including Parsons’ theory on political and social power to theoretically explore the issue.

The 4th century AH (913 CE – 1009 CE) of Islam is known as The Islamic Renaissance regarding growing and booming in science and culture. The weakness of the Abbasid Caliphate caused to dissolving of it into several small independent or quasi-independent state which made to occur several areas of thought that had been influenced by the Omarā competition that each of them was trying to attract more scholars and litterateurs for priding and as a propaganda tool. In this century, due to the massive Knowledge production by Muslims and the new works which was translated and compiled since the translation movement and caused to the growing and rising in the thought of the Islamic society which was followed by
establishing of different think tanks. For instance, the circle of science and literature in Isfahan by leader of Sahib ibn Abbad, a large number of scholars and litterateurs in Bukhara, the center of the Samanids, the Fatimids in Egypt and the Levant in the West side of Islamic world, and the Umayyads in Cordoba can be mentioned as the states which was supporter of Science and scientists. The literature lover personality of Sayf ud-Dawla, being a supporter of science and knowledge in the Hamdanid dynasty's rulers, the situation of Aleppo and the presence of great scholars and poets at Hamdanid's court are the examples of flourishing and illustrating the cultural situation of the period. This research seeks to study the cultural and literary conditions of the state with regards the abovementioned components.

Since the emergence of Islam in Maghreb until the fourth century (A.H.), Islamic governments including Idrisid dynasty (172 - 372) have ruled over the land. Because governments of Maghreb were neighboring Umayyad's (138 - 422) in Andalusia, sometimes they formed political relations in order to protect their economic interests. Because Andalusia was separated from Maghreb, both Umayyads and Maghreb governments including Idrisid dynasty interfered with each other's affairs. However they both established relations with each other which excreted influence on their political behaviors, especially Idrisid dynasty with Umayyads in Andalusia. The raised questions of the present paper are: What were the effective factors on political behavior of Shi'ite Idrisid government with Umayyads in Andalusia? What were the results of such behavior for Idrisids?
By answering such questions, the formed political behavior will be described. Idrisid government usually had a peaceful political behavior in order to achieve and maintain power and stabilize its legitimacy. Therefore, the present paper tried to apply a historical approach by means of description and analysis in order to describe political behavior of Idrisid government with Umayyad government in Andalusia based on structure of power in Pluralism.

Mragheh is one of the oldest Iranian cities in East Azarbayjan. Although the history of its construction is not clear, based on the available evidences it can be attributed to the time before the Christ. According to Diakonov the history of current area comes bacl to 715 BC and has been a land of Manena state and called Oyshush state. Mragheh was an important city during the Seljuk period and following it was recognized as a scientific city and capital of the country in Ilkhanid period. This research investigates the history of city under the leadership Ahmadyalian family in Seljuk era.

Since the advent of Islam up to the fourth century AH, the distant land of Morocco has welcomed various Islamic government including Idrisids (172-372 AH), Khawarij of Bani Midrar (155-352 AH), and Khawarij of Bani Rostam (160-296 AH). The coincidence of the abovementioned governments led to a close relationship among them. Meanwhile, a type of political arrangements and behavior was formed on peaceful and violent levels in religious, political and economic spheres. In view of the fact that the Shiite government of Idrisids was contemporary to Khawarij, the political behavior of this government for formation of the state and preserving its interests, in a place where no Shiite government was previously present, is quite thought provoking. The present study attempts investigate the factors effective on the political behavior of the Shiite government of Idrisids as well as that of Khawarij Bani Midrar and Bani Rostam through a historical descriptive-analytical method. It also deals with the consequences of the political behavior of Idrisids. To do so, it deals with the discussion on the power and interests of governments based on the theoretical views of pluralist school to re-identify Idrisids’ political behavior.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the school principals’ evaluation system from the view point of principals and teachers. This descriptive survey included all principals and teachers (n=13625) in Isfahan. The sample of this study comprised 60 principals and 120 teachers chosen through stratified random sampling. The research instrument was the current official education evaluation scale comprising 18 Likert items. The reliability was estimated to be 0. 87 for principals and 0. 94 for teachers. In order to analyze the data both descriptive and inferential statistics (mean، frequency، standard deviation، t-test، analysis of variance and factor analysis) were employed. The result of the study revealed that all three main factors received a weight above the average. MANOVA has also indicated that there was no significant difference between the view of points of principals and teachers about the evaluation checklist.

Khorasan was conquered in 29 lunar year by the second Khalifa Osman Ben Afan and with muslims through the leadership of Abdollah Ben Omar، gradually and city to city. After arrival of Islam to Iran and specially to Khorasan، most of the people and of course at the beginning of Islam entrance almost all of the Khorasan people gravitated to Sunnite. The dynasties which took power and government in Khorasn such as Samanian، Ghaznavian and Saljughian all of them had tendency to Sunnite. So people of those regions inclined to Sunnite. Gradually after the arrival of Sadat Alavi، Shiite could get appropriate position and lots of people joined to this branch of Islam. Even after a while، those which had not been joined to Islam، accepted this revealed religion through Shiite. The current article is going to discover how Shiite formed and distributed in Khorasan in initial centuries of Islam. In this way، after becoming familiar with geography of big and alive cities of Khorasan concerning Shiite، condition of entrance and distribution has been considered.

These days, promotion of farmer's technical-scientific abilities in agriculture is one of the main challenges in this sector. Agricultural extension as a motivate power source in agricultural development can be more effective in solving these problems via acceptance of responsibility in the educational concepts. But it faces numerous obstacles because of absence of a proper informational system that not only could transfer new research findings but could also prepare the basis for exchange of traditional information. Following privatization arguments and decrease of governmental incumbency, foundation of private educational – extension agencies has become mooted. The purpose of this study was a comparison of the performance of private extension agencies vs. public extension using selected indicators in Hamadan Province. A descriptive and correlational survey method was employed in the study. The population of the study included all managers of the private and public extension agencies in Hamadan Province (N=73). Two questionnaires were designed for the research. Content and face validity were established by a panel of experts consisting of faculty members from the department of Agricultural Education and Extension in Tehran and Tarbiat Modarres Universities as well from the related executives. A pilot test involving 30 questionnaires was conducted in Jihad-e-Keshvarzi and some private extension agencies of Zanjan Province. Cronbach’s Alpha for the questionnaires related to Private Extension Agencies was %86 while for Public Extension questionnaires it was 0.84.Results showed that the mean for private and public extension agencie's performance during the past 2 years, were 32.88 and 23.84 respectively. Only 10% of the public extension managers and experts as against 6.1% of private extension managers and experts were educated in the field of agricultural extension and education. The means of precedent executive activities for public and private extension respondents were 14 vs. 2.5 years, respectively, the results of the study indicated that the mean of public extension performance was 23.84 and the mean for private extension agencie's performance was 32.88 during the past 2 years. Findings also revealed that there is no significant difference between the Performance of private extension agencies and that of the public extension organizations.