الهام آقایی

Introduction and goal: 

Delinquency during adolescence is one of the abnormal behavior patterns that seriously harms the normal life of the adolescent and the people around him. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing identity styles and attachment styles in delinquent and non-delinquent teenagers in Qom city.

The research was descriptive-sectional and causal-comparative (post-event). All the delinquent teenagers living in the correctional center as well as the normal teenagers of Qom city in 2023 formed the statistical population of the research, among them, 60 people (30 delinquent teenagers and 30 normal teenagers) were selected by the available sampling method, and in addition to questionnaire of identity styles (Brzezunski et al., 2013) and the attachment style questionnaire (Collins and Reed, 1990). The data were analyzed in two levels of descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test with SPSS version 26.

The results showed that between the scores of informational identity, normative identity, confused/avoidant identity and committed identity in two groups of teenagers from statistically, there is a significant difference. Also, the mean scores of the two groups in secure, avoidant and ambivalent/anxious attachment were statistically significantly different. The results of the LSD follow-up test indicated that delinquent teenagers had a low level of committed and informational identity and secure attachment compared to normal teenagers and that delinquent teenagers used insecure attachment and difficulty in identification (avoidant and normative).

The results of the research emphasize the need for the increasing attention of experts and officials in the field of mental-social health to the role of identity and attachment style in preventing mental-decisional vulnerabilities in adolescence.

The aim of this study was to determine the virtuous well-being changes during mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in a non-clinical sample and also to investigate the process of changing the variables of decentralization and perception of pleasure. 

In this study, forty female students living in the dormitory of Shahed University of Tehran in the academic year 2018-2019 were selected based on the convenient sampling method and were randomly assigned to four groups. The intervention protocol was eight ninety-minute sessions. All four groups were evaluated before intervention. While the first group fulfilled them after two weeks, the second group after four weeks, the third group after six weeks, and the fourth group after eight weeks fulfilled the Ryffs Scales of Psychological Well-being (RPWB), completed the perceptions of pleasure perceptions. Data analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics, and SPSS-18 software. 

The beta coefficient of scores before the intervention and the second, fourth, sixth and eighth weeks showed an increasing process of well-being during the sessions. This process became significant in the eighth session (P= 0.01). The subscales of self-acceptance and decentralization from the fourth session had a significant upward trend (P= 0.0001, P= 0.001, respectively). Autonomy and personal growth significantly in the sixth session (P= 0.01, P= 0.03, respectively), purposeful life significantly in the eighth session (P= 0.03) and the variable perception of pleasure from the eighth session (P= 0.03). 

The results indicated the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive intervention to increase well-being.

Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder that has been increasing over the past fifty years and is considered the most common cause of hospitalization. Mainly, depressed people are self–assimilated and self–assertive, attention is paid to the positive effects of religion and spirituality is essential in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of religious–spiritual approaches on decreasing depression syndromes in Iran using a meta–analysis model.

This research was a review study. The statistical population consisted of theses and research published in scientific and research journals that have been conducted over the past twelve years (2004–2015) in the field of spirituality and religion–based depression approaches in Iran. In this research, 13 articles that had criteria for entry, and they had an adequate sample size and methodologically. Sources of research in the present study consisted of Master's and Ph.D. thesis of Universities, scientific–research journals in the field of psychology, information resources of the Jihad University, and documents center of Iran. The search keywords included treatment, psychotherapy, intervention, psychotherapy, education, counseling, spirituality, spiritual, religious, depressed, and depression. Including criteria for the meta–analysis were experimental and quasi–experimental research; with at least one experimental group; measurement tools were sufficient reliability and validity; the topic of research had religion–based approaches and spirituality in depression; the study conducted in the form of group research; in–person intervention (without internet and telephone). A content analysis checklist was used to selected research papers with inclusion criteria and extracting the necessary information to perform their meta–analysis. The checklist included the following components: title of research on depression, full details of the executives, had study year, implementation of the study, hypotheses, data collection tools, statistical population and sample size. A significance level of tests that used in this research was performed based on Kuhn's meta–analysis steps. The data was analyses by CMA2 software.

The best estimate for impact of spirituality and religion–based approaches on depression was 0.48, which was roughly high according to the Cohen's (1988) coefficient of interpretation (spirituality–based approaches and religion had a modest effect on depression).

Discrepancies are effective interventions to reduce depression; it seems that a meta–analysis will help clarify the actual impact of interventions on depression symptoms and will determine the degree of effectiveness. Overall, the results of this study showed that spiritual and behavioral therapies could be effective in reducing the symptoms of depression, but a closer examination of the study revealed the basic difficulties in reporting and the quality of their performance. It seems that conducting accurate research based on the theoretical, scientific background, using authoritative sources related to the teachings, concepts of religion, Islamic culture treatment of depression is essential. It is necessary to study on validity and effectiveness of the procedure and to compare its efficacy with standard golden treatment. It can be said that multi–drug therapy needs to design to Iranian–culture that can increase the effectiveness of secular remedies on Iranian society. Based on these findings, therapists could select and execute treatment patterns appropriate to the problems encountered, and to achieve better and more reliable outcomes.

Mastineh is one of the traditional nomadic dairy products of Iran. This product is made from heated dough. Then the dry shevid, persian shallot, cucumalonga and other vegetables were added and mixed well. Although this product is rich in fiber, no probiotic product has been made so far, one of the reasons is that probiotic bacteria are susceptible to hot filling packaging. Therefore, in this study, Bacillus coagulans spore in the concentration of 10 log cfu/g was added to mastineh. The results of the tests showed that this bacterium reduced the acidity at the end of the storage period but did not affect the pH. Bacillus coagulans count decreased during the storage period, but Bc survival was higher than the recommended minimum limit of 6 log cfu/g during 28-day storage. Investigation of L* parameter in probiotic mastineh showed that this parameter decreased during storage time, but it was constant in control one. The a* parameter did not have a significant change in both types of mastinah during the storage period. Also, there was no significant difference between the control probiotic mastineh in the b* parameter. There were no significant differences were showed between the two samples in sensory evaluation and rheological parameters. The evaluation of free fatty acid profile also showed that the highest amount of fatty acids was related to palmitic acid, myristic acid, stearic acid and valeric acid. According to the results, the Bacillus coagulans can be used as a suitable probiotic in the mastineh.

Auditory system is one of the most important channels of communication and is the basis for speech communication, perception, and psychologic abilities are based on this system. Any impairment of the auditory system could impair these abilities. The present study was carried out to investigat mental profile of adults with hearing loss. In the current cross-sectional study, we surveyed psychologic information of 40 hearing impaired persons (average age: 27.85 years old) with hearing aid using SCL-90-R questionnaire and compared with 40 normal persons (average age: 27.52 years old). Participants were of both genders and had diploma degree. We observed significant statistical difference of mental health (psychoticism, phobic anxiety, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, somatization, paranoid ideation, hostility, depression, and obsessive-compulsive) between hearing impaired and normal persons (P<0.05). The present study indicated much more mental health problems in hearing impaired persons compared with that in normal people. These results showed the importance of mental health assessment in the persons with hearing loss in addition to the other routine auditory evaluations.

The purpose of this study was an investigation of the effectiveness of mother's behavioral training on emotional and behavioral problems of bereaved preschool children. In this clinical trial, sampling method was purposeful, so mothers with children 4 to 6 years who were referred to Imam Zaman Social Work Association in Isfahan in the year of 2010-2011, and they were asked to answer the strengths and difficulties questionnaire, SCL-90-R and demographic questionnaire, 18 mothers with the higher scores of emotional and behavioral problems in their children were selected by random sampling. They were then randomly allocated in to two groups each contains 9 mothers as control and experimental groups. The experimental group received the training in the 8 sessions (90 minutes) in the Social Work Association, while the control group was in waiting list control. The two groups complete the post and follow up (3 month fallow-up) measure. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS15 software. Results showed the significant effect of mother's group training on reduction of emotional and behavioral problems of bereaved preschool children (P<0.01). Results also showed significant difference two groups in the all subscales of emotional and behavioral problems (emotional problems in post test, conduct, ADHD, peer problems) except subscale emotional problem in follow up. It seems that mothers’ training is effective in reducing the emotional and behavioral problems of bereaved preschool children.

Work-family conflict (WFC) which is a two-sided incompatibility between the demands of work and family roles can be detrimental to individuals, families, and organizations and it is linked to negative consequences. Hence, the aim of the present study was to determine the relationship of the five-factor model of personality and negative affectivity with teachers’ work-family conflict. The population of the study comprised female teachers in Najaf Abad in 2012-2013 academic year. Random sampling method was used and 200 teachers were selected. The instrumentation comprised multi-dimensional work-family conflict scale (Carlson et al.), NEO personality inventory, as well as Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) (Watson et al.). The data were analyzed through Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results showed that work-family conflict was positively related to negative affectivity (r=0.33) and neuroticism (r=0.25) and was negatively correlated with extraversion (r=-0.21), (P<0.05). However, work-family conflict had no relationship with agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. In addition, negative affectivity, neuroticism, and agreeableness explained 32 percent of the variance in work-family conflict. The findings indicated that elevated levels of negative affect and low levels of extraversion increased teachers’ work-family conflict. In order to minimize the negative outcomes of work-family conflict, it is important to familiarize teachers with scientific management of WFC and provide full support to teachers.

Hypertention is one of the main issues public health. The aim of the current research was to investigate the efficacy of group therapy Stress management on depression and blood pressure in female patients with hypertension. For this purpose, 30 female patients with hypertension were selected using simple random sampling (each group consist of 15 patients). The instruments of research included Beck depression Inventory and mercury blood pressure measuring equipment. The design was semi experimental and group therapy Stress management was performed in experimental group in 8 sessions. the result showed that group Stress management therapy intervention were reduce depression and blood pressure in female patients with hypertension (p0/01). Therefor Stress management can be used patients withhypertension to improve patient's blood pressure.

The present paper aims at investigating psychometric properties of Social Emotional Learning Scale (SELS) among a sample of 4th and 5th grade Iranian male students. Statistical Population: The statistical population consisted of all 4th and 5th grade male students of elementary schools who studied in schools of Isfahan during the school year 2010-2011. To do so, 380 students of Isfahan elementary schools were selected using multistage random cluster sampling method and were asked to fill out social emotional learning questionnaire. The SELS is a self-report questionnaire made up of 20 items, which assesses three criteria: self-regulation (SR), peer relationships (PR), and task articulation (TA). The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the total scale and its subscales were 0.85 (total), 0.71 (SR), 0.83 (PR) and 0.79 (TA). The confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the accuracy of the three factors (task articulation (TA), peer relationships (PR), and self-regulation (SR)). The results suggested that SELS is a three-factor, reliable tool for assessing and evaluating dimensions of social emotional learning among elementary students.

In recent years، psychologists and psychiatrists in the field of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder have been researching for measurement of validity and efficiency of psycho educational interventions and drug treatments. In this regard، meta-analysis integrates the results of different studies، then determine the effect size of method`s of treatments. This study wants to study the effective rate of psycho educational interventions and drug treatmens on reducing ADHD symptoms، with following of meta-analysis model. So 46 Studies which were methodology accepted were selected and meta-analysis was done on it. The research tool was meta-analysis check list. study findings showed the rate of effect size of psycho educational intervention on reducing ADHD symptoms were 0/54، on ADD was 0/48، on Hyperactivity was 0/59 and the rate of effect size of drug treatments was 0/76. So it was gathered the effect size of drug treatments are more than psychological intervention.

Depression is one of the most prevalent mental illnesses. In order to treating this disease and preventing from coming again، it`s essential that we acquire information about treatment methods and effectiveness rate of these treatment. In this regard، meta-analysis integrates the results of different studies، and then determined the effect size of drug treatments. This study wants to study the effective rate of drug treatments on reducing depression symptoms، with following of meta-analysis model. So 23 studies which were methodologically accepted were selected and meta-analysis was done on it. The research tool was meta-analysis check list. Study findings show the rate of effect size of drug treatments on reducing depression symptoms was d=0/62 (P<0/001). This rate of effective size according to Cohen table was higher than average. Therefore it seems that drug treatments can be applied as the proper treatments for individuals suffering from depression symptoms.

The aim of the Current meta-analysis was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavior treatments in reducing test anxiety. Totally 23 studies with accepted methodology were selected and meta-analysis was done on them. The data were gathered using meta-analysis check list. The effect size of each study was calculated separately. The study findings showed that the rate of effect size of cognitive-behavior treatment on reducing test anxiety was 2.66 (p≥0.001) which according to Cohen’s table was high. Cognitive-behavior interventions are suitable treatments for test anxiety.

In recent years, psychologists and psychiatrists sought to evaluate and compare the validity and efficiency of psychological interventions and medicinal treatments in the field of depression disorder. In this regard, by integrating the results of different studies, meta-analysis determines the level of the effect of treatment methods. This study aims at investigating into the level of the effect of psychological interventions and medicinal treatments on reducing depression symptoms using the meta-analysis model. For this purpose, 65 methodologically acceptable studies were selected and the meta-analysis method was applied. The research tool used in this study is the meta-analysis checklist. The level of the effect of psychological interventions on reducing depression symptoms is found to be d=0/47 (P< 0/0001) which is considered an average level according to Cohen’s table. The level of the effect of medicinal treatments is d=0/62 (P< 0/0001), which is higher than average based on the above mentioned table. Therefore it seems that medicinal treatments along with psychological interventions can be applied as appropriate treatments for individuals suffering from depression symptoms.

This study aims to integrate the results of different psychological treatments studies for Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to determine the effect size.

Seventeen studies with appropriate methodology were selected and meta-analysis was done on it. The research tool was meta-analysis checklist.

Data analysis showed that rate of effect size of psychological intervention on reducing ADHD symptoms were 0/54.(P≤0/001).

This rate of effective size according to Cohen table was higher than average.

Given the importance of emotional intelligence in mental health, the purpose of this study is meta-analysis of the studies which were conducted on the relationship between emotional intelligence and mental health. Through meta-analysis method, this study integrates the results of various studies and then determines the effect size of the relationship between emotional intelligence and mental health. To achieve this purpose, of 45 studies, 30 studies accepted methodologically, were selected and meta-analysis was done on them. Research tool for the study was meta-analysis checklist The present study is based on 4858 participants and 32 effect sizes.The findings indicates that in general, the effect size of emotional intelligence and mental health is 0/48. Furthermore, When emotional intelligence is evaluated as trait, it has stronger correlation with mental health(r=0/51) rather than when it is evaluated as ability(r=0/38).Therefore,according to the present study, it can be concluded that higher emotional intelligence has correlation with better mental health.

Glucose oxidase (GO) has found a variety of industrial applications such as food, chemical and personal care industries. However one of the most important application of GO is used as diagnostic kits. The aim of study was isolation of GO gene from a recombinant vector (PET21aGO) and sub cloning and expression in PKK233-3 vector. Recombinant PET21a GO was extracted from E.coli DH5α and was digested with Restriction Enzymes; BamHI, HindШ then isolated GO gene (1.8kb) and cloned in PKK233-3. PKK233-3GO was transformed in to E.coli DH5α. Our data demonstrated that the GO gene has expected size in agarose gel electrophoresis and also the cloned Go has a correct size after restriction analysis. The GO gene was cloned in prokaryotic host. This is a report of cloning of GO gene in Iran that can be used for further cloning of that gene in expression vectors for production of recombinant Enzyme.