الهام رضایی

Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the major pests of many agricultural crops. The application of effective pesticides with novel mechanism of action is one of the common strategies in integrated management programs. In the present study, the effect of different concentrations of cyenopyrafen were assesed on the biological parameters of the T. urticae in laboratory conditions (25±3 °C, 65±5% RH, and photoperiod 8:16 h (light: dark). The assessment was conducted through a spraying method and involved analyzing the age-stage, two-sex life table across two successive generations. The LC50 value of cyenopyrafen was determined to be 250.945 ppm for protonymph stage. Among the sublethal concentrations of LC10, LC20, and LC30, the LC30 concentration exhibited the most significant impact on biological and reproductive parameters. This concentration resulted in a decrease in the oviposition rate, a reduction in the duration of the oviposition period, and a shortened lifespan for both male and female individuals in the first generation. The sub-lethal concentrations of cyenopyrafen also affected the progeny of treated protonymphs and caused an increase in the duration of the egg, larvae, protonymph, and deutonymph stage and a decrease in the adult lifespan of the female from 22.26 to 18.21 days, and this process caused a reduction in the fecundity rate from 45.63 to 28.86 eggs and the length of the oviposition period from 17.13 to 13.17 days. Consequently, the intrinsic rate of population increase was diminished, recorded at 0.20±0.51 day-1 in the control group and 0.15±0.051 day-1 at the LC30 concentration, with the most pronounced negative impact observed at the LC30 level. The population growth trend observed at the LC30 sublethal concentration was slower compared to the control. It is advisable to examine the impact of cynopyrafen on T. urticae within both greenhouse and field conditions for its application in integrated management.

Nizar Qabbani and Simin Behbahani are renkowned as famous and stylish poets in Arabic and Persian literature. These two prominent poets have utilized the states and characteristics of children as a tool to express their feelings and emotions aligned with their tendency towards romantic style. As decleared by Nizar, childhood is considerd as the key feature of his personality and literary life and, accordingly, he has expressed the joys and sweet experiences of childhood in these poems. Furthermore, he never finds himself distinguished from the states of childhood. In opposition to that, Simin has spent a bitter childhood and this bitterness is reflected in his poems, although the childhood memories of two poets, one is sweet and the other is bitter, both of them are full of the characteristics and moods of children, such as love for play and mother. They have integrated features like innocence, beauty and tenderness, honesty and hopelessness, etc. for their romantic depictions. In this article, irrespective of the exisiting distinctions between the two poets in terms of their gender and nationality, childrens' moods and traits have been used by both as a vehicle to express their romantic feelings and emotions due to their shared human feelings.

Virtual social media is one of the most important and effective social media that has been able to affect the private relationships of citizens in the form of everyday and practical tools. In addition to countless advantages, this space also brings many disadvantages, which sometimes cause serious harm to users due to the lack of familiarity with the virtual space. Therefore, the importance of identifying and investigating the harms of virtual social media has been taken into consideration; In such a way that many research articles are written and published on this subject every year, but due to the fact that these articles were conducted with different statistical population and different geographical, economic, social and cultural conditions, they have faced different results. On this basis, the current research has tried to identify and classify the dimensions of these damages using the meta-synthesis method, and finally, design and present the final model of the dimensions of cyber space damages; Therefore, the aim of the research is to identify and classify the damages of virtual space, and to design a new model to understand the dimensions of the damages of virtual social media. For this reason, the results of previous researches in the years 1390 to 1400 were analyzed using the meta-synthesis method. By checking the quality of the articles, among the 54 articles, 42 were finally selected for analysis. The findings of the research showed that cultural dimensions, social networks, religious institutions, personality and deality are the most important vulnerable dimensions of virtual social media.

The present research aimed to develop an integrated model of a vitality-oriented lifestyle. Vitality has always been an essential inherent need of humans and with an accelerating role in the process of society development. This research was conducted within the framework of a qualitative approach, using the grounded theory (GT). To this end, studies on vitality and happiness from 2012 to 2021 were evaluated. Data analysis was performed in three stages, namely open, axial, and selective coding, based on which a qualitative research model was designed. The research results indicated the extraction of 49 codes or basic concepts from the interviews, as well as 19 concepts and 9 dimensions. Social, cultural, economic, psychological, demographic, and religious factors are some determinants of a vitality-oriented lifestyle. Based on the research findings, the components of social and economic factors directly affected the vitality-oriented lifestyle. Religiosity and cultural factors intervened in the vitality-oriented lifestyle. Furthermore, demographic status and psychological characteristics were the underlying factors of a vitality-oriented lifestyle. The increase in social capital, improvement of psychological status, and human development were also the consequences of a vitality-oriented lifestyle.

It has been found that the second isoform of COX enzyme known as COX-2 plays an important role in inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Thus, designing COX-2 inhibitors to treat inflammation is among the most important goals of researchers. In this study, the inhibitory effect of 3 new imidazole derivatives on COX-2 was evaluated by in silico approach. Molecular docking was done using Autodock Vina and the best binding mode of inhibitors was used as input of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. MD was performed using Gromacs software for 120 ns. Then, structural and thermodynamic analyzes (ΔGbinding) and prediction of physicochemical properties were performed. RMSD data showed the compounds reached a good equilibrium and had favorable stability during simulation. Also, the RMSF showed that due to binding of inhibitors, the fluctuations of complexes decreased and the active site residues had the lowest amount. Rg, SASA and DSSP analysis showed that the protein structure did not change significantly. It was also found that Ser530 and Tyr355 residues play a more effective role in hydrogen bond formation. Physicochemical parameters determined the good drug-likeness properties for all compounds. Structural and thermodynamic analyzes (MM-PBSA) and IC50 data indicate the favorable inhibitory effect of compound 5b.

The commercialization of knowledge and technology, as a link between research and the market, is an effort to monetize innovation, which is currently highly regarded in the knowledge-based economy. The main purpose of this research was to identify the challenges of commercialization of agricultural research achievements in the field of agricultural sciences as well as the strategies to facilitate and accelerate their commercialization. 

The statistical population of this study consisted of all faculty members of research institutes related to agricultural sciences in Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) (N=263) and the chief executive officers (CEOs) of companies contracted with the concerned research institutions (N=91). This descriptive-correlation study was conducted in 2021 using survey method. Questionnaire was used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis technique by principal component analysis method and the most important challenges as well as strategies to facilitate the commercialization of knowledge and technology in the agricultural sector were identified, classified and prioritized. 

Challenges in the development of commercialization of research achievements of AREEO from the perspective of the studied researchers and faculty members of the institutions were identified and categorized in seven factors, including: "the nature of technologies", "weaknesses in laws, regulations and government support policies", "weaknesses in the education system", "weaknesses in the policy, management and manpower of institutions and centers", "weak information structure and interaction with the private sector", "AREEO's weak commercialization policy", and " feeling unnecessary thr need for commercialization". Commercialization challenges of the AREEO's research achievements in the field of crop sciences identified from the perspective of CEOs of private companies were categorized into six factors including: "weaknesses in government support policies, laws and regulations", "weak information structure and interaction with the private sector", "nature of technologies", "restrictions on the activities of international companies in Iran", "weakness in capability of private companies" and "AREEO's weak commercialization policies". The strategies to facilitate the commercialization of research achievements were also categorized in six factors, including: "strengthening the information system and increasing interaction with the market and the private sector", "strengthening the commercialization capacity of technologies", "strengthening government support for commercialization", "human resource development and organizational structure in institutions", "private sector support to increase their investment" and "revision of the AREEO's commercialization policies". The strategies suggested by the respondents were also grouped in four factors, including: "strengthening government support for commercialization", "strengthening the information system and increasing interaction with the market and the private sector", "strengthening the commercialization of technologies" and "participating in the empowerment of private companies". 

Increasing communication and interaction between AREEO as a public organization with the active companies in agriculture, in addition to aligning the market needs with the research conducted in the public sector, can also lead to an increase in the productivity of research in the public sector. In addition, the removal of internal obstacles of production and commercialization, and the improved business environment are among the necessary government supports for the development of commercialization of research activities. Finally, suggestions were proposed and discussed to improve the commercialization of research achievements based on the identified challenges.

The poetry of this enchantment is one of the most effective and expressive ways of conveying inner feelings and intentions to others. This outstanding verbal art has been noticed in most social contexts due to its double influence compared to ordinary words; Among these fields is the poet's expression of his love for his lover, and in order to convey this feeling, he composes "simile" and describes the beauty of his lover and his extreme love for her. He tells him.Imamiyyah jurists, although they consider poetry to be legitimate in a partial way, but on the other hand, they consider the composition of poems such as "simile" to be illegitimate due to its immoral and corruptive content, and with the approval of the Shari'i and moral texts and with Taking the sensitivity of the issue, inferring its verdict and valuable opinions that if this type of poetry is placed under one of the titles and instances of haram such as prostitution, denigration or harassment and insulting the dignity of women, etc., citing They have stated that it is forbidden with rational and narrative arguments.

Social participation is one of the important concepts of sociology and branches of participation, which includes a wide range of activities like membership and cooperation with religious, scientific, social, economic, professional, occupational, local, regional, and national associations, altruism, and cooperation in holding various ceremonies. By organizing groups, social capital expands, empowers social groups, and strengthens social trust and solidarity. It makes the society dynamic and its conditions unpredictable. The purpose of the study was to  identify the most important dimensions of social participation among students and answer the following question: What are the most important factors and dimensions affecting social participation of Iranian students in the university?  

The research was carried out with a practical purpose and a qualitative method.  A meta-synthesis methods was used by studying information sources in the field of factors affecting social participation of students. Meta-synthesis includes the stages of choosing the research question and goal, collecting the related researches, making a decision about inclusion and exclusion of studies, and evaluating and ranking of studies. It is based on mutual translation of the findings of studies and combination of translations. This research used the 7-step meta-synthesis method of Sandelowski and Barroso. The statistical population of this research included all the studies on students' social participation that were available in the University Jihad System (SID) and database of the country's publications (Magiran and Irandoc). In this systems, the terms ‘social participation’, ‘student participation’, and ‘participation’ were searched by limiting the search to Persian language and the time period of 2011-2021. A total of 34 articles were obtained and out of these 34 articles, 20 articles were accepted based on the meta-synthesis criteria. In this research, the criteria for selecting articles were as follows:Place of article publication: accepted articles in the database of approved scientific journals on Magiran, Sid, and Irandoc sitesTopic: Factors affecting students' participation in Iranian societyGeneral scope: students’ social participationResearch method meta-synthesisResearch time frame: 2011-2021Language used: PersianDiscussion of.

The research findings showed that the 5 social, individual, collaborative, cultural, and psychological factors affected the students' social participation. The social factor included social trust, efficiency of scientific associations, benefits of membership in associations, and social vitality. The individual factor included age, gender, education, field of study, employment, and status. The collaborative factor included social participation, cooperative activity, and cooperative behavior. The cultural factor included media, television, social networks, religiosity, and culture. The psychological factor included feeling of powerlessness, life satisfaction, self-respect, cooperative spirit, and social tolerance. The results revealed that all the social, economic, political, and cultural aspects of the students’ lives developed with the increase and expansion of their participations in university affairs, while strengthening solidarity, improving the students’ life qualities, and finally reinforcing creativity and self-confidence. Several studies had confirmed and emphasized the findings of the current research, stating that social participation was affected by several factors, such as religious beliefs, historical background, social and economic bases, age, sex, race, ethnicity, structure, religion, cultural values, education, job, place of residence, personality, social capital, and people’s psychological characteristics of. Some emphasized the influence of education, income, and social status on social participation. Some others talked about the usefulness and benefit of participation and stated that people would take action if its benefit was more than its loss. According to the obtained results, the following measures will be suggested:Relevant organizations should encourage the students to have more participation by holding group and team competitions among them.Universities should encourage the students to participate more socially by holding special courses and providing the necessary conditions.

Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a serious pest for many agricultural crops. Use of effective pesticides and release of biological control agents are common methods in integrated pest management programs. In the present research, effect of different concentrations of Ebron Speed® and Kane Mite® on mortality of two-spotted spider mite and number of predatory mites Phytoseiulus persimilis and Amblyseius swirskii were investigated in laboratory conditions. LC50 values of Ebron speed® and Kane Mite® were calculated for egg stage of this pest as 252.47 and 1564.10 ppm, and for protonymph stage, as 207.17 and 1120.00 ppm, respectively. Therefore, results of this study showed that egg is more resistant stage than protonymph stage. Time required for 50% lethality (LT50) of Ebron Speed® and Kane Mite® on protonymph stage as 22.984 and 25.097 hours were calculated, respectively. The highest amount of feeding on eggs and protonymph stages infected with acaricides after 48 hours from time of spraying in predator mite P. persimilis was observed. According to results, use of Ebron Speed® and release of P. persimilis predator after 48 hours are recommended in the integrated pest management programs of this pest.

 Malaria is considered one of the most serious life-threatening diseases in Yazd, a central province of Iran, which hosts both domestic and foreign immigrants. This study aimed to investigate the trend of Malaria in Yazd during 2011-2020.

 In this descriptive retrospective study, all episodes of the disease (imported malaria) recorded at Yazd health center in Iran were carefully evaluated and reported. After preparing the peripheral blood smear and fixation with methanol, it was stained with Giemsa and examined with a light microscope by a skilled technician.

Totally, 95 confirmed malaria patients were investigated from 2011 to 2020. Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant species with 81 cases (85.26%). The highest rate of infection was observed in 49 cases (51.6.3%), in the age group of 50 years with 27 cases (42.86%), and in the working class with 69 cases (72.63%). Despite a decrease in Malaria cases through the implementation of the eradication program compared to the last two decades, its imported type is still showing up in the country, especially in the cosmopolitan city of Yazd, where domestic and foreign workers and tourists usually travel; thus it requires to be further monitored and controlled.

The issue of non-halal therapy is one of the important topics of medicine in Islamic societies, which is necessary, to be examined from a jurisprudential point of view. Prohibiting the use of taboos and complying with Shariah rules sometimes make the patient face difficulty and difficulty in treatment. Based on this, the question is raised, how the legitimacy of non-halal therapy can be justified by referring to the rule of "Hardship brings ease?" In what case does it become the basis for a therapist's license? While criticizing and examining the arguments of the opponents of non-halal therapy, the legitimacy of therapy in two stages of the patient's difficulty in accessing and using halal was examined. The presence of obstacles such as sanctions, hoarding of medicine and its supply at exorbitant prices, lack of a same-sex doctor or exorbitant costs of visiting a same-sex doctor makes it difficult for the patient to receive halal treatment. Also, sometimes the type of halal treatment may cause the patient to face difficulties in the treatment due to some reasons. In this article, while accepting the basic principle of halal treatment and prohibiting haram treatment for patients who have halal medicine easily available to them, with reference to verses, narrations and rational evidences, the causes of the patient's suffering and the ways outof the resulting losses have been investigated.

The thinking method of this research is descriptive-analytical and the library data collection method was carried out using Shia and Sunni jurisprudence books.

Ethical Considerations:

 In all stages of writing, while respecting the authenticity of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

Fear of use, lack of permission and excuse in access to permission are among the examples of difficulty and embarrassment in treatment.

The fear of death, organ failure, exacerbation and spread of the disease are among the losses that the removal of such losses causes to replace solutions in treatment; which, despite its original sanctity, its sanctity is negated by referring to the rule of "Hardship brings ease".

 Toxoplasmosis is a common parasitic infection that can endanger mother's and neonates' health during pregnancy. The disease is also prevalent in Iran. This study intended to evaluate the seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in neonates and postpartum mothers referred to health centers of Yazd in Iran in 2020.

 Totally, 184 postpartum mothers and 184 neonatal umbilical cords in health centers of Yazd were evaluated for Toxoplasma infection through a specific IgM and IgG antibodies kit. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS18.

Out of 184 samples of postpartum mothers, 8 cases (4.35%) were seropositive, and 176 (95.65%) were seronegative for IgG antibody; moreover, 7 cases (3.80%) were seropositive, and 177 (96.20%) seronegative for IgM antibody. Also, 184 neonatal umbilical cords were IgM negative, and no toxoplasmosis infection was reported. No significant correlation was found between seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection and caring for pets, consumption of raw meat, level of education, blood type, job, living area and type of delivery (P>0.05). However, a significant correlation was identified between the number of deliveries and the prevalence of toxoplasmosis (P=0.014). This study also illustrated a low prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in postpartum mothers and no congenital transmission of the disease in diverse health centers of the province. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between risk factors and the prevalence of Toxoplasma.

In this paper, while using  the Green and Porter's trigger price oligopoly model as well as data for the period 1996-2020, the impacts of  of negative demand shocks on the market conduct and structure of Iran's beef industry were investigated.  For this purpose, a system of equations consisting of three functions of demand, supply and price-cost margin  was specified  to identify  large and negative demand shocks through demand residuals and grid search approach. The results indicate that the beef market has become more competitive following the unexpected decline in demand, but the structure of the factor (livestock) market has not changed. By using auxiliary tests, the results of this study were reconfirmed. Using the results of this research, policies can be made to improve competition in beef industry.

The concept of social health examines the physical, mental, and social dimensions of health. The purpose of this research is to design a new model of factors affecting the social health of Iranians through the study and  summarization of research conducted in the field of social health with a meta-synthesis approach. The present research method is qualitative, and the statistical population of this research is made up of scientific and research articles conducted in Iran on the topic of social health of citizens from 1390 to the end of 1400. A total of 32 research articles were found; finally, after reviewing and refining various 18 articles for final review; and it was organized in 5 dimensions. The findings of the research show that the 5 dimensions of social health of citizens are mostly devoted to the dimensions of social cohesion, social integration, social prosperity, social participation, and social adaptation; each of which has several subcategories. The results of the research show that social health and the factors affecting it need more attention; and getting familiar with the meaning and concept of social health, its dimensions and discovering strategies to improve social health is necessary for every effort to achieve social health.

Recognizing popular and superstitious beliefs as an important part of popular culture introduces the behaviors of people and their ways of thinking and living. Sometimes beliefs set the course of life for the masses to guide them what to do in different aspects of life and what to turn away from. In fact, the positive and negative effect of these beliefs from the past to the present in people’s beliefs and lifestyles cannot be ignored. Human beliefs, generally logical or irrational, scientific or superstitious, are rooted in the ancient culture of any nation which have either remained intact in the same way or have undergone changes over a long period of time. These beliefs are sometimes rooted in the fears of the people of the past and sometimes in the lack of knowledge and insight of the past. They include doing things that have no rational roots. It can be acknowledged that all these beliefs originate from popular thoughts, feelings and emotions, and the belief and acceptance of these beliefs depends on the type of insight and thinking of each person about them. The purpose of writing this article is to examine the modernist view of love as one of the most ambiguous and attractive topics in the works of the famous romantic poet Nizar Qabbani in the field of Arabic literature. Thanks to his valuable cultural treasure, he has been able to express many of his romantic feelings by using superstitious notions. Thus, with the connection between modernity and tradition, it has gained a high position in the field of literature. Factors such as poetic talent and experience, proximity of the poet’s poetic language to the language of the masses, understanding the importance of popular culture and literature, people’s way of life in the eyes of the poet, the attractiveness of these beliefs, and people’s desire for these beliefs have provided a background for the use of popular and superstitious beliefs in the layers of love poems to unite the audience, which is the general public.
Assuming that the culture and life of people was one of the greatest sources of inspiration for Nizar’s poems. This research has examined his works with a descriptive and analytical method. It has been shown how Nizar’s view of popular and superstitious beliefs is reflected in his poems and how he has used these beliefs to reflect his culture, depicted love as the most ancient phenomenon and the most complex subject in the lyrical literature, and used the spice of popular and superstitions beliefs such as coffee divination, giants, magic, etc. With these items, he has created a new realm in depicting romantic concepts such as the complexity and ambiguity of love, the glory and power of love, sincerity and loyalty.
Nizar as a modern and anti- superstition poet tried to create a new atmosphere in the Arabic poetry and to engage his audience, which is the general public devoted to a significant portion of his poems, to popular and superstitious beliefs. Since the poet was fully acquainted with the beliefs of the common people and completely fluent in the terms and language of the people in the street and the bazaar, he got the language of his poetry close to the language of the masses. He understood the appeal of these beliefs and the passion that people had for them. He had an eloquent and powerful pen to express the complexity and ambiguity of love, the glory and power of love, the value and importance of love, sincerity and loyalty. The description of the pain of love and the suffering of the lover has been successfully performed through popular and superstitious beliefs such as coffee divination, jinn, giants, magic rugs and hand palm lines.
The beauty and sweetness of the concept of love in this research is due to the connection of traditional beliefs and the poet’s new perspective on love. He has very skillfully put the two together and made his love popular. Nizar has used these beliefs as a basis for analyzing emotions and expressing inner states, which is a new step in portraying love and the beloved and the states of the lover. In his personal view, in fact, the high frequency of such beliefs in his poems and language has little to do with the acceptance or non-acceptance of these beliefs. Nizar has tried to pass a wealth of information about popular beliefs and superstitions through the filter of his poetic and romantic imaginations and paint them with a poetic glaze. By doing so, he creates romantic images to praise and describe love. The beloved and the states of the lover, who are full of spirits and feelings.

Investors face problems in making financial decisions. People who have no control over their emotions make irrational decisions. On the other hand, daily moods have a great impact on financial decisions. In this study, the effect of psychological variables of emotional intelligence mediated by mood on investors' decision making has been investigated. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey in terms of nature. The statistical population is investors in the city of Hamedan. The data collection tool in this study is based on a questionnaire. The Baron Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire with 90 scores, the Panas Questionnaire with 20 scores were used to measure the mood variable and the Bruce and Scott Decision Making Scale with 25 scales. In order to confirm the validity of this questionnaire, in addition to confirming the face and content validity, construct validity was used. Data analysis was performed by linear regression tests. It was concluded that there is a relationship between emotional intelligence and financial decision making. One of the minor results is the lack of relationship between emotional intelligence and intuitive decision making and the negative relationship between emotional intelligence and rational decision making but emotional intelligence is directly related to three styles of dependence, instant and avoidance . But the other result is that positive mood such as enthusiastic, active, alert is not related to intuitive decision making and is positively related to rational, instantaneous and avoidant decision-making style and negatively related to dependent decision-making style.

Prioritization of optimal water allocation of surface flow storage dams for different applications (drinking, agriculture, industry, environment, etc.) in arid and semi-arid regions such as Iran due to the range of changes, high flow uncertainty Reservoir inlets, and the occurrence of intermittent droughts are of great importance. For this purpose, the Fuzzy Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is proposed and used as a suitable formulation method in prioritizing water allocation in the water resources system. Therefore, in this study, prioritization of water allocation for different purposes of Shahrchai reservoir dam located upstream of Urmia metropolis has been done in a field study using fuzzy hierarchical method.

A fuzzy hierarchical process based on quantitative and qualitative effective factors has been developed. In the first stage, the problem structure was designed by determining the priority of water allocation of users, criteria, sub-criteria, and other factors. Then the decision-making hierarchy based on the problem structure (purpose, criteria, sub-criteria, factors, and options in the first to fifth levels, respectively) was defined. In the mentioned prioritization structure, the goal was determined at the first level, ie the optimal or appropriate allocation of Shahrchay reservoir dam water for different operators, and at the second level, three economic, social and environmental criteria were considered as the main criteria. At the third level, " cultivation area and gross income" and "employment and population" were considered as sub-criteria of two economic and social criteria, respectively. The main beneficiaries, namely agriculture, urban drinking, recreation and tourism, industry, environmental needs of Lake Urmia and groundwater fourth level (options) have formed the problem structure. At the next step, based on the field data or questionnaires, criteria, sub-criteria, and factors were compared in pairs using the proposed linguistic and fuzzy comparisons, and the priority of water consumption over each criterion or sub-criterion or factor were compared based on fuzzy triangular numbers. The weights were determined and ranked each using the Chang development method. At the third stage of the final ranking, the priority of water allocation was determined based on the final weight of criteria or priorities at the previous stage and the superior option was determined. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the weight change of the criteria and the decision-making process of the problem has been performed.

A decision model based on a fuzzy approach is presented to rank the different options using Shahrchay dam water. For this purpose, firstly, using the opinions of experts and researchers, the results of a questionnaire, criteria and sub-criteria and important options in allocating water to Shahrchai Dam were determined. Secondly, using Chang's development analysis, different options were evaluated based on the mentioned criteria, sub-criteria, and factors. From a scientific point of view, because the questionnaires were presented to experts, the economic criterion is a high priority, so it is possible to attach great importance to the general conclusion about the criteria in economic attitudes and related issues. In addition, the allocation of water to the urban drinking sector with a weight of 0.33 was as the top priority, agriculture, Lake Urmia, industry, groundwater, and recreation were in the next priorities, respectively. Therefore, economic criteria and drinking water supply were recognized as the main objectives of planning and managing water resources in the metropolis of Urmia. The drinking sector is a vital factor for the survival of a community and because the drinking water of Urmia city is supplied through Shahrchai dam, so the allocation of water to this sector should be considered as the top priority. The agricultural sector was also given the second priority with less importance. The supply of water to this sector has a significant direct effect on the economy of the agricultural sector and indirectly on the entire economy of the region, which indicates the importance of the agricultural sector in the economy, living conditions of the region and the allocation of water to this sector. Comparing agricultural and industrial activities in Shahrchai catchment area, the most activity in the region is agriculture and industry is in a lower priority, which is also shown by the hierarchical results. Since Shahrchai River is one of the suppliers of water to Lake Urmia, the allocation of water to this section improves the condition of the lake and, consequently, it improves the environmental, economic, and social conditions of the region. The results also indicate the importance of Lake Urmia in relation to industry and its higher status indicates the attention of officials to the drying crisis of the Lake Urmia.

The issue of treatment of haram is one of the important medical issues that need to be studied from a jurisprudential point of view. Homosexual and ... deals with haram treatment. Shiite and Sunni jurists in case of emergency, the legitimacy of haram treatment is subject to the monopoly of treatment to haram; The monopoly of treatment is also realized if it is not prescribed and in case of treatment with halal, it is forbidden to eliminate any necessity with haram. The existence of mandoheh is discussed.me, Yabad. The presence of the mandouha has become very intense.

This research has been done in a library and descriptive-analytical manner using Shiite and Sunni jurisprudential books.

In all stages of writing, while respecting the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

In connection with the jurisprudential ruling of monopolizing treatment to haram, sometimes the monopoly of treatment is conceivable if it is not included and knowledge of haram treatment, which is also the case with all Shiite and Sunni jurists. Existence of incontinence and difficulty in accessing the solvent, Existence of incontinence and inconvenience in using halal medicine, Existence of incontinence and urgency to a certain type of treatment due to fear of danger to life, organ failure or any unbearable harm is conceivable.

If the treatment of the patient in spite of the cause, for some reason causes hardship or causes any irreparable damage; Halal is presumed to be "absence"; according to the rule of urgency, the treatment of the patient is considered to be limited to haram medicine, and the condition of non-compliance is also fulfilled in this case.Please cite this article as:Rezaei E, Rostami Ghafas Abadi AR. Monopoly on Forbidden Treatment Despite the Alternative of Halal from the Perspective of Shia and Sunni Jurists. Medical Law Journal. 2022; 16(57): e40.

Exposure to ionizing radiation as a result of diagnostic, treatment and occupational reasons, has created a remarkable range of cytogenetic damage in the DNA, as the first and main goal of ionizing radiation. The aim of this study is to assess the chromosomal damage in medical radiotherapy workers and its association with effective parameters such as age, sex, duration of employment and the amount of received dose by two methods of Micronuclei and G-banding, as a biomarker for early diagnosis of cancer.

In this study, chromosomal damage in 45 radiation experts (including 17 males and 28 females with a mean age of 37.1 years and mean occupational experience of 13.2 years) was examined in employees of radiotherapy sectors in Tehran (G-banding and Micronuclei). Moreover, the results of chromosomal damage were compared with 15 people, who were not consciously exposed to ionized radiation and they worked in other sectors of the hospital.

Most employees of radiotherapy sectors, had significantly increased frequency of cytogenetic aberrations, registered by G-banding, comparing the control group (1.22±0.71 vs. 0.91±0.7); (P<0/05). Similarly, the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in exposed personnel was significantly increased comparing the control group (P<0.05). Based on the results of both methods, there was no significant relationship between age, gender, duration of employment and occupational exposure dose with the prevalence and incidence of aberrations and MNs.

The results of this study demonstrated that Micronuclei and G-banding methods are appropriate for the analysis of chromosomal damage in radiation workers. The results of both methods showed considerably higher rate of chromosomal aberrations in medical radiotherapy workers than non-exposed people. Increasing the rate of single-string fracture injuries in the long term leads to the accumulation of single string fractures and failure to repair the injuries resulting in malignancy. It can be said that radiation workers are more prone to malignancy than people who have not been exposed to radiation.

The aim of this study was to predict Grit  based on attachment to God, life expectancy and happiness in retired female educators of Khomeini Shahr city. The research method was correlational type of prediction and the statistical population included all retired female educators in Khomeini Shahr in 2020, whose number was 167 people. Using Morgan table, the sample size was estimated to be 113 people according to the statistical population. Finally, the sample size was reduced to 100 people, including statistical loss. Data collection tools included the Grit Questionnaire's Duckworth (2007), the Attachment to God Beck and McDonald's Questionnaire (2004), the Snyder's Life Hope Questionnaire (1991), and the Argyle, Martin, & Croesland's Oxford Questionnaire (1989) Happiness Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed at two levels of descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression) using spss-22 software. The results showed that attachment to God (β = 0.49), happiness (β = 0.23) and life expectancy (β = 0.42) respectively, were 47/5% able to predict the Grit of retired female educators. The results also showed that Sub-component of attachment to God, relationship with God, trust and attention to God, 34/2% were able to predict Grit And Sub-component of life expectancy, factor thinking, and strategic thinking accounted for 37/9% percent of the ability to predict Grit at the significance level of p≤0.01.

In this research, the taxonomic status of the genus dactylis in Iran has been briefly reviewed. the genus is a perennial , pollinator , retriever and belongs to the family poacea , subfamily pooidea and tribe poeae. To date , there has not been a deteailed taxonomic study of dactylis in iran Therefor, studing and evaluating, morphological , habitat, karyotypic and genetic variation of this genus is important. In total, 58 acceasaation of dactyis by using 62 qualitative and quantitative traits were analyzed. In order to determine the intra specefic relationship, cluster analysis was used with the simple matching method. The results of cluster analysis indicate diversity among the population of this genus. The variability of the wide morphology in this species is due to the larg number of inbreed between the subspecies , the occurrence of extravasation and the gene flow between population, compatibility and impact of ecological factors. In general , based on results of morphological and cytological characters suggested that the genus dactylis with a species D. glomerata L. and two subspecies D.glomerata subsp glomerata L. , D.glomerata subsp hispanica (Roth.) Nym. and tetraploid level a chromosomal number 2n=4x= 28 was present in iran.