امید رجا

The SWAT Model has been accepted as a comprehensive surface water simulation model in estimating water balance components with the ability to study different management scenarios on water resources. In most studies, the SWAT Model is calibrated based on the accuracy of surface runoff estimation, and its comparison with field measurements in hydrometric stations. In a previous study, the performance of the SWAT Model in estimating runoff, evapotranspiration, and yield of wheat, barley, corn, sugar beet, alfalfa, apple, and grape crops in the Mahabad Plain was satisfactory and acceptable. The purpose of the present study was to use the SWAT calibrated model in estimating other components of water balance including deep percolation, lateral flow, return flow from the aquifer to the river in the same area. Assessing the components of water balance in the unsaturated zone, and its effectiveness in aquifer balance is important in managing the utilization of integrated water resources. The results showed that the calibrated model was able to estimate the difference between the deep percolation in the wetted year compared to normal years, and the difference in the infiltration in the wet year compared to the dry year under the influence of increasing rainfall. The results showed that the amount of deep percolation in the wetted year compared to normal and dry years has increased by about 23% and 43%, respectively. The average depth percolation is estimated 157.86 mm (17.1%). At the same time, the model has been able to estimate the difference in the amount of infiltration in different areas of the plain, and in different seasons of the year according to the type of land use and land management patterns. The amount of lateral flow has also increased in the wetted year compared to the dry year, so that the amount of this component has doubled. In this study, the average return flow from the aquifer to the river was estimated to be 20.9% (129.6 mm). Surveys have shown that the presence of shallow groundwater level has a significant role in creating surface return flow from the aquifer to the river. In general, the results showed that recharge due to rainfall and irrigation water from unsaturated zone is one of the most important input components of groundwater models such as MODFLOW in arid and semi-arid regions. The amount of recharge is important in more accurately estimating water level fluctuations. Given that the MODFLOW Model is not well able to estimate the recharge processes and lateral flow in the unsaturated zone. Therefore, the simultaneous use of SWAT and MODFLOW models in estimating the water balance components of the unsaturated zone and combining it with the groundwater model is important in studies and management of operation of integrated water resources.

Surface and groundwater dynamically interact at different spatial or temporal scales within a plain. Accurate estimation of water balance components is an important simulation of such interactions. Despite the rapid expansion of numerical models over the past two decades, there is still room for improvement for comprehensive and integrated assessment as well as management of surface and groundwater resources. In particular, the use of coupled surface and groundwater models is important to connect both surface and groundwater, and for proper representation of the water balance in the unsaturated root zone. The results of various studies suggest that the combination of SWAT and MODFLOW models can satisfactorily simulate the interaction between surface and groundwater at different spatial and temporal dimensions (Sophocleous and Perkins, 2000; Sun and Cornish, 2005; Bejranonda et al., 2007). Indeed, if both models are used simultaneously, not only the limitations of the two individual models can be improved, but also the temporal-spatial properties of the target area can be adequately reflected (Kim et al., 2008; Park and Bailey, 2017; Wei et al., 2018). Specifically in the Urmia Lake Basin, which has been severely affected by indiscriminate exploitation of water resources, these models can be used to maximize the supply of Urmia Lake based on the pattern of supplying irrigation needs from integrated water sources. This requires the interaction of surface and groundwater resources in different locations of plains and aquifers to be simulated and predicted based on different shares of agricultural water supply from integrated water sources.The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the interaction between ground and surface water in Mahabad plain using the coupled SWAT-MODFLOW-NWT model as a comprehensive and integrated model. The main challenge in this study is the interaction and monitoring of water table adjacent to the surface water bodies.

 Surface and groundwater conjunctively interact at different spatial or temporal scales within a plain. In many plain, surface and groundwater resources are used in combination in agriculture. Therefore, it is important to accurately predict the components of groundwater and surface water balance. Despite the rapid expansion of numerical models over the past two decades, there is still a need for comprehensive and integrated assessment of surface and groundwater components. In particular, the interconnection of both surface and groundwater models is important to connect both surface and groundwater, especially the water balance in the unsaturated root zone. In this study the effect of water recharge due to deep percolation from simultaneous supply of irrigation water from surface and groundwater sources, and rainfall from the SWAT model were used to simulate groundwater balance using the combined MDOFLOW-NWT model.

 In this study, the effect of recharge values obtained from the SWAT model was analyzed to simulate the fluctuation of water table, and groundwater balance components using the integrated model of MODFLOW-NWT model in the Mahabad plain. One of the important steps in quantifying the impact of irrigation management, and the change in land-use on the surface and groundwater balance was the simulated recharge due to the deep percolation of rainfall and irrigation water. This was done by the SWAT model, and was used as the boundary condition to the MODFLOW-NWT model. Calibration and validation of groundwater model were also done by trial-and-error and automatic PEST methods. The simulation period was performed for 10 years from the hydrological year of 2009-2010 to 2018-2019, from which 6 and 4 years were used as the period for calibration and validation were from 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 to 2018-2019, respectively. Groundwater balance components are naturally different for different years. Therefore, the study was conducted for dry, wet, and normal years. Hydraulic conductivity and specific yield were the used as initial calibration parameters in the MODFLOW-NWT model.

 The results showed a higher hydraulic conductivity and specific yield values for the aquifer was in the southern, central, and northeastern areas of the plain, and the lowest values were in the northern and near the outlet of the plain. After the calibration process, the results showed that an average, 9% of rainfall, and 36% of irrigated water percolate to the aquifer. These observations were confirmed based on a satisfactory and acceptable estimate of the water table level of the model for both calibration and validation periods. The statistical RMSE criteria for calibration and validation periods were 0.35 and 0.34 m, respectively. Also, the results of R2 and NSE criteria were estimated as 0.94 and 0.91 for the calibration period, and 0.93 and 0.89 for the validation period, which indicates that the model was properly calibrated and was well able to simulate groundwater level. The groundwater hydrographs developed from piezometers’ readings, show that the recharge values estimated by the SWAT model, considering the change in land use and irrigation management across the plain, were able to properly simulate groundwater level across the aquifer. Specifically, the studies showed a continuous drop in groundwater level created in the southern and southwestern regions of the aquifer (piezometers of Fakhrighah, Gorg tapeh, and Serah Haji Khosh) due to the presence of high-consumption crops such as apple and alfalfa, and the higher number of operation wells.

The results of this study showed that the recharge values obtained from the calibrated SWAT model was crucial parameters for proper simulation of groundwater, and can significantly improve the model results. The results of the main components of the groundwater balance for different years showed that the amount of recharge due to the infiltration of rainfall, and irrigation were different for each year. Also, interactions between surface and groundwater resources vary from about 30 to 50 million cubic meters between years, indicating a significant interaction between the water resources. In general, the SWAT-MODFLOW-NWT model can be used as a practical tool for proper management of surface and groundwater resources under different management scenarios.

In most studies, the SWAT model is calibrated based on surface runoff in hydrometric stations, and the evapotranspiration component, which has a great impact on the estimation of balance components, is not considered or less considered in the calibration process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the yield and evapotranspiration values of major crops in Mahabad plain in West Azerbaijan province, through multivariate calibration of SWAT model. Calibration and validation of the model based on the data of a hydrometric station (Gerdyaghoub station located at the exit of the plain), and crop yield and evapotranspiration of the major crops of the region including wheat, barley, corn, sugar beet, alfalfa, apple, and grape. A six year calibration period followed by a four-year validation period was used. In the multi-purpose calibration process, the coefficients of 1, 0.9, and 0.8, respectively, for hydrometric data, yield, and evapotranspiration were considered in the objective function of SWAT-CUP software and SUFI2 method. In general, the sensitivity analysis of the model led to the selection of 43 of the most sensitive parameters according to their sensitivity to river discharge, crop yield and evapotranspiration. Also, the heat unit potential required for full plant growth and Leaf area index (LAI) were the most important parameters to simulate the yield and evapotranspiration crops in the model calibration process. The results showed that the SWAT model was able to simulate the surface flow in the periods of calibration (NSE = 0.85; R2 = 0.87), and validation (NSE = 0.92; R2 = 0.89), as well. The model has high uncertainty in surface flow simulation, especially over-estimation in low flow during calibration period (PBIAS = 4.5%). In evaluating the performance of the SWAT model in estimating actual evapotranspiration, these values ​​were compared with the output of the WaPOR remote sensing model. The results showed that the RMSE criteria varies between 13.8 to 66.4 mm in the calibration period, and between 23.9 to 53.2 mm in the validation period. At the same time, the estimated actual evapotranspiration values ​​of the SWAT model were compared with the estimated crop evapotranspiration of the CROPWAT model. In this study, RMSE criteria in the calibration period between 24.4 (3.6%) to 49.4 (6.5%) mm, and in the validation period between 21.7 (6.2%) to 4.4 53 (7.2%) mm were obtained for different crops. PBIAS values ​​showed that the estimate of SWAT model evapotranspiration in both calibration and validation periods was lower than the estimate of CROPWAT crop evapotranspiration. In general, for most crops, the evapotranspiration values ​​obtained from the SWAT and WAPOR models are far less than the evapotranspiration values ​​estimated by the CROPWAT model that can indicate deficit-irrigation. Crops yield performance estimates were compared by SWAT model with crop yield performance values ​​reported in the region. The results showed a relative estimate of the model for crop performance, while the SWAT model somewhat over-estimated crop performance. The present study showed that multifunctional calibration of large-scale hydrological model SWAT in an irrigated area in addition to using the usual river flow index, taking into account additional parameters such as evapotranspiration and crop yield can increase the accuracy of model results.

Stochastic drainage of rainfed lands (due to its dependence on rainfall) led to the application of random variables and time series modeling in predicting the performance of drainage systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of time-series models in predicting drainage water and soil salinity in rainfed farms of subsurface drainage in Ran Behshahr, Iran. First, Drainmod-S model was calibrated using measured data. Then, drainage water and soil salinity were simulated via the calibrated Drainmod-S model. The simulated outputs were used for evaluation of the results of the time-series models including AR, ARX, ARMA and ARMAX. The results showed that the ARMAX model with exogenous variables including daily value, precipitation during the previous days and average desired variables in the last two days was efficient in predicting soil and drainage water salinity, so that the absolute mean modeling error for soil surface salinity (0-50cm), soil subsurface salinity (50-100cm) and drainage water salinity was 4%, 0.4% and 5%, respectively. Comparison between the selected times-series models and the calibrated Drainmod –S model results indicated that the application of time-series models in predicting the performance of the subsurface drainage system was satisfactory. The coefficients of determination were 0.75, 0.63 and 0.57 for for salinity of soil surface and subsurface layers and drainage water, respectively. The root mean squared errors for these variables were 2412.6, 331.8 and 1724.6 mg/ L, respectively. According to the evaluation indicies, time series models were efficient in predicting soil and drainage water salinity.

The use of drip irrigation systems in agriculture is associated with several problems. Clogging of filters and drippers and, thus reducing the uniformity of water distribution needs to be addressed. Proper design and construction of the filter can be one of these suitable solutions to the problem. In this study, a physical model including a filter tank with a height of one meter and a diameter of 60 cm for placing sand with different sand size and thickness of different layers along with a pump, a power of 0.5 horsepower to provide pressure, two pressure gauges were used to determine the hydraulic load losses in the sand filter and, raw water of specified quality. 9 treatments of granulation and layering and, two treatments of water quality containing the amount of suspended solids were used. The aggregation of these treatments was 1.77, 0.89, and 0.45 mm, respectively. The results showed that the load loss changes in the granulation range of 0.89 – 1.77 mm is less than the range of 0.45–0.89 mm. the load loss increased with the smaller particle size of sand. The results showed that the percentage change of filtration in the granulation range of 1.77 - 0.89 is less than the range of 0.45 - 0.89 mm and with increasing the height of the middle layer, the percentage of filtration of filters increased. The results showed that the percentage change of filtration in the granulation range of 0.89 – 1.77 mm is less than the range of 0.45 - 0.89 mm. The percentage of filtration increased with increasing the height of the middle layer. But, the changes in the percentage of filtration for changing the height from 12 to 17 cm were more than the changes in the percentage of filtration from 17 to 22 cm. Clay particles, plant debris, insects are water-soluble substances that must be refined by filters for drip irrigation.

In this study, the potential development of a pressurized irrigation system in the irrigation and drainage network of Qazvin plain investigated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The hierarchical analysis structure consisted of five technical, economic, socio-political, environmental, and managerial dimensions, each of which had several sub-criteria. Experts completed eighteen questionnaires. After completing the questionnaires, the results analyzed using Expert Choice software. The calculated incompatibility rate was 0.084, which was less than the maximum allowable (0.1). Examination of the final weighting of each of the sub-criteria showed that firstly, the technical dimension is the most critical factor influencing the development of pressurized irrigation systems. Secondly, the sub-criterion of the water supply of the plant with 0.129 weight, water delivery with 0.099 weight, and cultivation pattern with 0.088 weight, all of them from technical dimension; these most important factors have received special attention from experts and specialists. In other words, of the top six sub-criteria, five were the technical dimension, and only one was the economic dimension. Sensitivity analysis results also showed the overall weight of technical, economic, socio-political, managerial, and environmental criteria equal to 0.43, 0.2, 0.18, 0.11, and 0.08, respectively, indicating greater technical dimension effectiveness and consensus of different researchers. Also, the effect of different network water supply scenarios on cultivation pattern by ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms confirmed the results of AHP.

In this study, the water-use zoning (ETC) of wheat, barley, potato, sugar beet, onion and alfalfa crops obtained from CROPWAT 8.0 model using ArcGIS 10.3 software and data from 21 synoptic meteorological stations in the Urmia Lake basin has been at 2013-14 and 2014-15. At First, the average ETC values were estimated using climatic data, longitude and latitude, meteorological station height, soil and crop in the two years and then in the whole basin zoned and classified. Overall, the results showed that the rate of evapotranspiration was different across the basin, which indicates the effect of weather conditions in different areas of the basin on the value of evapotranspiration. Investigations also showed that the difference in water demand obtained from meteorological station data between the years under study is significant and the number of meteorological stations in the region can improve the diversity of water needs of the major crops in the region. Surveys of climatic parameters in the studied stations showed that in the areas where the highest rate of evapotranspiration was obtained, it was often with low relative humidity and higher temperature. Due to the problem of water scarcity, accurate estimation of water-use of crops in different areas can be decisive for water consumption in agriculture. Therefore, it is necessary to consider climatic differences in estimating evapotranspiration and irrigation requirement of agricultural crops for sustainable management.

Increasing water productivity in agricultural sector is necessary, since this sector is the largest consumer of water in Iran. Because of higher irrigation efficiency, in particular, the reduction of losses of deep percolation and evaporation from the soil surface, drip-tape system is a good option for irrigation. Additionally, using varieties of a crop having high yield is another way to increase water productivity. The objective of this study is to investigate the crop yield and irrigation water volume and to estimate the physical and economical water productivity for different hybrids of maize by drip-tape irrigation. Field experiments were conducted at the research farm of the Agricultural and Natural Resources College of the University of Tehran, in Karaj in 2017. The treatments were nine hybrids of maize (BK42, KSC400, KSC260, BK65, KSC600, BK50, BK74, Barekat3 and KSC704). The results of this study showed that the type of hybrid had a significant effect on crop yield and water productivity. Generally, among the examined varieties, the BK65 hybrid had the highest biomass production (19.54 ton/ha) and biomass water productivity (3.43 kg/m3), and the lowest yield (10.55 ton/ha) and grain water productivity (1.62 kg/m3). Additionally, the KSC600 hybrid had the highest grain yield (13.86 ton/ha) and grain water productivity (2.12 kg/m3) compared to other hybrids. The reason for the high biological performance of BK65 hybrid compared to other hybrids was the higher growth of vegetative part related to reproductive part. The BK42 and KSC260 hybrids had the lowest yield and productivity.

Studies have shown that irrigation efficiency is low in Iran and Khuzestan province. However, it is essential to increase irrigation efficiency and reduce irrigation water losses in the field according to the water resources status. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of furrow irrigation in the fields of Shahid Beheshti Agriculture and Industry Company in Dezful and to offer some proposed solutions using optimization of design parameters by WinSRFR model. Three fields in Deylam region and three fields in BC region were selected to determine the irrigation efficiency. The results showed that the deep percolation and runoff losses in the fields of Deylam region varied between 4.9 to 81.5% and 24.3 to 62.3%, respectively. These values were detemined at 3.2 to 49.2% and 5.6 to 62.3% in the fields of BC region, respectively. Overall, the results showed that the amount of runoff losses is more than the amount of deep percolation losses in all the studied fields in Deylam and BC regions. However, despite the high losses, some fields were under deficit irrigation and their water requirement efficiency was less than 100%. The application efficiency in all fields varied between 13-45%. Generally, investigations showed that the management of the amount and duration of irrigation was not appropriate; this is due to the lack of awareness of farmers about the amount of water needed and cut-off of the inflow at the appropriate time. After evaluating the current situation, the presentation of management solutions using the WinSRFR model showed that if proper management of the length, slope and flow rate to the furrows is done, the water application efficiency will be significantly increased 35.8% (from 29.8% to 65.6%) and runoff losses decreased 49.7% (from 59.7% to 10%).

In recent years, several studies have been carried out to estimate evapotranspiration of crops in different ways at Urmia Lake basin or locally. In many of these studies, the feasibility of estimating the actual water-use has been investigated with different algorithms. The purpose of this study was to extract a practical result in order to achieve the aims of restoring Lake Urmia. Estimated evapotranspiration values using SEBAL algorithm were compared with rainfall values in different zones to locate irrigated areas. From the results of this study, areas with high water consumption “Hot spots” were extracted at the basin. These areas can represent areas with maximum water saving potential. Estimated actual evapotranspiration (ETa) values using satellite images compared with rainfall values (P-ETa = (+) rainfed or = (-) net irrigation requirement) for the years 2013-14 and 2014-15 were extracted in different zones at basin. The results showed that actual evapotranspiration values in the western (Urmia plain), south-eastern lakes (Miandoab and Mahabad plains), and in parts of the northeast and northwest (Sarab and Salmas) were much higher than the amount of rainfall. Which indicates the high concentration of irrigated lands in these areas. Land use maps also showed high density of irrigated land in these areas. In result, identifying irrigated areas with high water saving potential can be to implement water saving pilot schemes and to provide the lost water of the lake.

Access to reliable and sustainable water resources is increasingly threatened by increased needs of developing community in a region. The inter-basin water transfer option is considered as an “uncommon” alternative to overcome limitations of fresh water. The purpose of this study is to investigate various aspects in decision making and planning of inter-basin water transfer projects. At the same time, positive and negative challenges, implications and limitations of the economic, social, environmental, hydrological, technical, and political aspects of such decisions in the origin and destination basins are being discussed and compared. According to projects considered in this study composition and role of various aspects in the evaluation and justification of water transfer plans vary with every specific situation. The complexity of the problem is that the contribution and effectiveness of these factors are not necessarily coordinated and cannot be generalized for other situations. Negative feedbacks from an inter-basin water transfer project can end up to be positive for another project. In general, the efficiency of inter-basin water transfer projects depends on a comprehensive approach based on integrated water resources management. A detailed understanding of the needs of the target basin should be coordinated with identifying the existing conditions and predicting future and long-term consequences of the project in the origin basin. All economic, social, cultural, hydrological, environmental, political and technical aspects of a project rely on the concept of sustainable development.

In this research, to evaluate the Zero inertia model in SIRMOD and WinSRFR software, data from the advance time, recession time and runoff volume were obtained from conventional furrow irrigation (CFI), fixed alternative furrow irrigation (FFI) and alternate furrow irrigation (AFI). The simulation results were used with the help of the relative error index (RE) for the infiltrated water volume and the root means square error (RMSE) index for prediction of advance and recession time. To determine soil permeability coefficients were used of the model SIPAR-ID, Multi-level optimization, Two-point method of Elliott-Walker and IPARM. The results of the CFI method in SIRMOD software, the Elliott-Walker two-point method with RMSE equal to 1.81 and in the WinSRFR software, the multi-level optimization model with RMSE equal to 1.66 The results had the highest accuracy in predicting advance times. The simulation of the advance and recession time of the FFI method indicated that the best value of the RMSE index for using the SIPAR-ID model in SIRMOD and WinSRFR software was 2.42 and 2.41 minutes, respectively. The results showed that in the AFI method, using the IPARM model in SIRMOD software and the multi-level optimization model with WinSRFR software, the best accuracy was achieved with RMSE 1.61 and 1.24 min, respectively, at advance times, respectively. As a general result, it can be stated that according to the similar prediction of two SIRMOD and WinSRFR software, it is recommended to simulate, design and evaluate irrigation systems in the case of accurate estimation of influence coefficients.

The meteorological data of 12 synoptic stations of Khuzestan province with a 20-year statistical period (1999-2018) were used to perform the present study. First, using CROPWAT software, the effective rainfall was estimated from three methods USDA, FAO and the developed experimental formula. Using AquaCrop software, real transpiration evaporation of rainfed wheat in the study area was calculated and effective rainfall amount was obtained. Then, using ArcGIS software, effective rainfall zoning at the stations studied was drawn in November, December, January, February and March. Relative error (RE) results showed that in the three most rainy months of November, December and January, the best estimation of rain was the experimental method with mean error of -8.8 percent, FAO with -21.7 percent and experimental with 12.9 percent, respectively compared to the inverse solution method. In the low rainfall months of February and March, the USDA method had the best estimation of the effective rain of these three methods with the inverse solution method with -48.6 percent and -51.6 percent, respectively. The zoning map of the estimated effective rainfall also showed that in the rainy months and when the plant is in early growth, the amount of effective rainfall increases by moving from the north side of the province to the southern part. The overall results show that the percentage of confidence in the experimental methods is low and by calculating the effective rainfall and changing the date of cultivation at the country level can increase the productivity and production of rainfed crops.

In most countries, agricultural sector is the main user of water resources (surface and ground water). The process of exploitation of water resources to explain the sustainability and continuity of exploitation in each region, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, which is faced with the shortage and severe competition of water resources use in different sectors is necessary. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of water resources in the Marvdasht-Kharameh range (covered by two modern irrigation networks in Dorodzan and traditional Korbal) in Fars province during the statistical period of 2006-2016, based on the stability analysis indexes proportional to the volume of water allocated in comparison with excessive withdrawal of groundwater resources, as well as the relationship between rainfall and the amount of variations in the level of stagnation. For this purpose, by using Dorodzan weather data and Persepolis stations, as well as Kheirabad, Pulkhan and Zarghamabad hydrometric stations and the irrigation networks data, the available water resources in terms of surface and groundwater were estimated. According to the average level of stagnation and changes in aquifer volume, excess water harvesting were calculated in two areas covered by Dorodzan and Korbal irrigation networks. The amount of runoff coefficient in plain, altitudes and total range was calculated to be 6.9, 14.1 and 9.9 percent, respectively. The average amount of excess withdraw in the area covered by two modern Dorodzan and Korbal networks is 96.33 and 16.2 MCM /year, which according to available water resources is 8.2% and 5.2%, respectively. The Average standardized precipitation-evaporation-transpiration12-month SPEI index for Droodzan and Persepolis stations was calculated to be -0.33 and -0.43, indicating the mild drought in the area and during the proposed time period, and this is in good agreement with the Water table drawdown. The result of linear regression between the independent variable of rainfall and the dependent variable of the average water table changes showed a significant increasing linear relationship (p < 0.001) with R2 = 0.95 and RMSE = 0.99. This result for the independent variable of rainfall with the dependent variable of water allocation volume, indicated an incremental linear relationship (P = 0.110), with R2 equal to 0.29 and RMSE equal to 245.6. Indicators of water resource sustainability analysis, such as Falcon Mark (FI), United Nation (UN) and Water Tension Index (WSI), were calculated for the region. The values of the Indicators of water resource sustainability analysis including Falcon Mark (FI), United Nation (UN) and Water Tension Index (WSI) were 1983 cubic meters per person, 210 percent and 2.93, respectively. By comparing the values of these indexes, it was found that based on the FI index, the area is close to tension. The UN and WSI indicators are indicative of the fact that the study area is under severe crisis and excessive use of water resources and the pattern of exploitation of water resources should be managed in order to eliminate surplus withdrawals and sustainability of water resources.

Irregular exploitation of water resources of the country, especially in the agricultural sector, has threatened Iran with serious threats. The main objective of this study is to provide of possible management strategies at farm level, without changing irrigation systems and additional costs in order to reduce agricultural water consumption such as improving irrigation water efficiency, changing the planting date and studying different levels of deficit irrigation with regarding the type of cultivation, the actual conditions of irrigation management (amount, number of irrigation, etc.) in different areas of the study area have been checked. The basics of the study are based on actual information and in the form of a case study. . The results showed that improvement of irrigation efficiency for dominant crops in two regions of Dorodzan and Korbal, leading to savings in water allocation of 131.5 (11.2%) and 33.8 (10.83%) million cubic meters, respectively. The results of the scenario of change in planting date using AquaCrop model simulation showed that with this management pattern could be saved, 31.6 (2.7%) and 9.17 (2.94%) million cubic meters in the two regions of Dorodzan and Korbal in water consumption respectively . At the same time, different levels of deficit irrigation can save 85.5(7.3%) and 26.2 (8.4%) million cubic meters in water consumption respectively.

Feasibility of pressurized irrigation systems, based on the chemical properties of the water, at sub-regional and regional scale, It is especially important for its implementation. In this study, GIS has used for zoning of Marvdasht-Kharameh land suitability for executing pressurized irrigation systems based on indices irrigation water quality. In this study, the data of 50 wells water measured in 2014-2015 has used. The zoning map based on the HCO3 index showed that most of the region has a low to moderate limitation for performing sprinkler irrigation system. In addition, the zoning maps Cl and Na parameters in the Marvdasht-Kharameh study area showed that 84.6% and 78.2% Of land area respectively, are faced limitation for performing sprinkler irrigation systems. The results showed that in 60.2% and 27.3% of the area, there is a serious limitation and a low to moderate limitation for performing drip irrigation based on TDS and EC parameters, respectively. Throughout the study area, there was a limit to the pH index for implementing the drip irrigation method; which there have 90.4% and 9.6% of the land subject has a low to moderate limitation and serious limitation on pH index for performing drip irrigation system, respectively. The results showed that for the majority of the area, there is no limitation on LSI index for performing drip irrigation system because of Acidity of groundwater in the area.