امیر حسین کیذوری

The professional development of university managers is one of the important tools to achieve superior educational, research, cultural, and technological quality, which directly and indirectly increases the productivity and development of human resources. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the concepts and categories related to the process of professional development of managers at Farhangian University. This research is applied in terms of purpose and is the type of qualitative research, which has been completed based on the foundation's data theory (systematic design). The statistical population included managers of regions one, two, and nine of Farhangian University, the purposeful and snowball sampling method continued until the data reached theoretical saturation using semi-structured interviews with 18 members of the sample. The data were collected by semi-structured interviews and validated by participants’ review and expert judgment. The results of data analysis during three stages, open, central and selective coding was indicate of 13 general categories, which in the framework of the Paradigmatic model in the form of six inclusive classes include: causal conditions (internal and external motivations); the central phenomenon (participation in professional learning); Professional growth strategies (individual, collaborative and educational); contextual conditions (duration, educational content and managerial competencies); Intervening conditions (individual and personality factors, organizational factors) and consequences (failure to meet expectations, change in knowledge and attitude, development of performance and transfer of learning) reflect the process of professional growth of managers at Farhangian University. The results of this research can provide a model for policymakers, planners, and agents of the educational system at Farhangian University and higher education institutions in order to improve the quality of education and make changes and review the professional development of managers.

Job satisfaction in the education organization depends on various factors, including organizational interactions and the quality of communication; The purpose of this study is to test the structural model of organizational interactions and job satisfaction with the mediating role of communication quality of high school teachers in Sabzevar in the 2020 academic year.

The present study is descriptive and correlational with respect to how to obtain the required data and is specifically based on the structural equation model, which used maximum likelihood estimates with skewness adjustment. The statistical population of the study is 1660 male and female teachers working in education in Sabzevar; 313 people were selected using Morgan table as a sample and were examined using stratified random sampling method and answered three questionnaires of organizational interaction, job satisfaction and communication quality. Data were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, one-sample t-test, Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling using SPSS and LISREL software.

Findings showed that organizational interactions both directly and indirectly due to the quality of communication play a key role in job satisfaction of teachers. There is also a correlation between the quality of communication and job satisfaction of teachers.

The results of this study help to develop business studies in the management departments on the training of organizations, especially educational management.

This research aimed to investigate the relationships between psychological capital, learning empowerment, and dynamic interactions in students of Shahrood University of Medical Sciences. With regard to the ways data were collected, the present study is descriptive correlational and is specifically based on structural equitation modeling in which maximum likelihood estimation with adjusting skewness was used. The participants of this study consisted of students in Shahrood University of medical science, who were selected using stratified sampling method. In order to assess variables, standard questionnaires in the form of five-point Likert scale, including Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans et al., 2007) Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire (Mishra & Spreitzer, 1997), and Perception of Social Interactions Scale (Glass, 1994) were distributed among 260 students. Content and construct validity of questionnaires were confirmed by several management and factor analysis experts. To analyze data from questionnaires, Kolmogorov- Smirnov test, one sample t-test and Pearson correlation structural equation model have been used. Findings showed that psychological capital, both directionally and indirectionally, plays key role in empowering learning of students through dynamic interactions. Also, it was determined that dynamic interactions have a meaningful, directional and positive correlation with learning empowerment in students. Furthermore, results indicated that main variables in this study were appropriate for studied samples.

The success in achieving educational goals depends on factors such as the teacher, student, and educational environment. Teaching is one of the main concerns of educational systems across the world. The effective teaching in higher education and universities mainly addresses students and their learning and involves a set of specific skills and competencies focusing on particular contextual needs. It seems that the effective teaching addresses particular needs of a given group of students and revolves around the needs that are embedded in a specific context. Therefore, it is highly important to identify the factors that affect faculty members’ teaching competence from students’ perspective. Also, improving teaching competence can be regarded as an ongoing attempt that plays an important role in providing new possibilities for preparing new teaching strategies and transmitting scientific knowledge. Therefore, conducting such a study addressing faculty members' competencies can provide the opportunity to offer new teaching strategies and transfer scientific knowledge. Furthermore, conducting research projects to identify the components of teaching competencies can be highly valuable in uncovering the existing deficiencies and problems. Such studies may also offer guidelines for overcoming the deficiencies and improving the quality of teaching. In this regard, this study was conducted in order to determine the most important components of teaching competence from the perspective of students at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Using a phenomenological method, this qualitative study was conducted in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during 2018-2019. Actually, the aim of the phenomenological studies is to probe into various phenomena as they appear in each individual person's experiences. To collect the data regarding the participants' experiences and meanings, semi-structured interviews were carried out. First, general questions were asked to start the interviews. Then, based on the participants' responses, new questions emerged during the interview process. Interviews were conducted by scheduling and selecting the location based on the participants' opinions. Accordingly, interviews were conducted in the participants' workplaces or educational setting. Each interview lasted from 30 to 45 minutes depending on the participants' preferences and desires. The main participants of the study were 22 students, who were selected using purposeful sampling whereby the researchers sought to select those students, who could be considered as information-rich participants. Sampling continued until saturation occurred and it seemed that no new theme and pattern could be identified with regard to the topic of inquiry. . The collected data were analyzed using the thematic analysis whereby the researchers searched for the repeated meaningful patterns in the obtained qualitative data. A theme is a specific meaning that is derived from a word, a sentence, or even a paragraph. In fact, each theme refers to a meaningful pattern that is observed in the qualitative data based on the topic of inquiry and research questions. In the present study, the researchers started analyzing the data by carefully and repeatedly reading the interviews. In the second step, they carried out the line-by-line analysis. Actually, the most important words, sentences, or paragraphs related to the main topic of the study were marked, highlighted, and coded. In the data analysis, the researchers used the inductive approach whereby the concepts and codes emerged from the qualitative data rather than the existing theories. In the next step, codes were put into thematic categories and clusters and the main themes were obtained. The coding and analysis process continued until the researchers reached the data saturation. Finally, the researchers reviewed and refined the extracted categories of themes based on their similarities and differences, that is, their properties and dimensions. The researchers also selected the relevant quotes and examples from the data extracts to prepare the final report. In addition, the trustworthiness of the analysis was ensured using triangulation, participants’ feedback, and experts’ opinions. Findings of the study indicated that, from students’ perspective, teaching competence included 31 sub-categories and 6 main categories, which consisted of teaching skills, research competence, relational competence, professional ethics, personal characteristics, and managerial skills. A competent faculty member has sufficient knowledge and information and knows how to teach. Indeed, a competent faculty member knows where and how to utilize the techniques and strategies that are required to make the classroom efficient and effective. It can be said that knowledge, experience, and method are three important factors that play a key role in constructing faculty members' competence and qualification. Also, one of the findings of the study was educational skills. Educational skills include subcategories of the scientific and professional specificity, effective transfer of materials, use of appropriate lesson plans, and the systematic evaluation of teaching materials. This theme refers to teachers' ability to apply teaching methods, principles, and strategies in the classroom in a way that they can lead to the successful classroom management. In explaining these dimensions and components, it can be said that faculty members should not only have the specialized skills but they should also be capable of transferring knowledge and managing the classroom. A faculty member should take into account important factors such as students' ability to select appropriate teaching resources and texts and should design lesson plans based on contextual needs and requirements. Implications drawn from the present study suggest that the determination of the components of teaching competence in faculty members can offer guidelines for determining teachers’ path and strategies of cultivation programs on which university administrators can take appropriate measures in order to develop teaching competencies in faculty members and improve the quality of university teaching. University professors can also be empowered to adapt the existing model to their teaching experiences to achieve effective teaching. In general, faculty members can guarantee the existence of the educational system. Therefore, improving faculty members' abilities and competencies can enhance the quality of teaching. Furthermore, the enhancement of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral competencies in faculty members will lead to the innovation in teaching as well as the promotion of students' academic achievement and success. Thus, it is necessary and highly important to equip university faculty members with the competencies and capabilities that are required to achieve the professional success.

The training is a series of activities that the teacher does to facilitate the learning of learners on their own or with the help of educational materials.the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of peer-to-peer education methods on clinical learning of anesthesia students in Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences

This experimental study was a post-test pre-test. The statistical population of this study consisted of 48 students of anesthesiology students of the Bachelor of Science from 95-96. According to the characteristics of the statistical society, all anesthesia students of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences were selected as samples,and simple random sampling method was chosen. They were randomly assigned to peer and non-peer groups.The data gathering tool was a multi-part questionnaire. content validity was used and Their reliability was estimated through Cronbach’s alpha. SPSS16 software and descriptive and analytical statistics (covariance) were used to analyze the data.

The analysis of covariance showed that learning from their peers had a positive and significant effect on students' clinical performance (F = 295 / 68, T =17.19 P <0.05). Conclusion The data from this study showed that peer education as a supplementary education for classroom education improves the learning of Internship students.

The main purpose of this study was to identify those components impacting on teaching quality in the Faculty of Health at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. In terms of its goal, this research is an applied one and the research method is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of exploratory research using two survey methods and thematic analysis. In the qualitative stage, using semi-structured interviews with 24 faculty members and students of the Faculty of Health of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, the data gathered were saturated. The analysis of the content was done through open and axial coding. The results of this section showed that the components affecting the teaching quality of the professors included four main themes: educational skills, scholarship, interpersonal and communication skills, and individual and professional characteristics of professors and 20 sub-themes. The statistical population of the quantitative section included students of the Faculty of Health at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences who were studying in 1996-1997. The sample was estimated 225 people using the Cochran formula. Data were gathered using a researcher-made questionnaire. They were then analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and t single-group. The findings of the quantitative section indicated that among the identified components, interpersonal and communication skills between faculty members were the most important components of teaching quality from the students’ perspective.

The present research intends to identify and analyze the strategic planning process at Hakim Sabzevari University and to explore the barriers that inhibit this process. Therefore, in this study, a mixed research method has been used. In the qualitative section, the method of thematic analysis was used by interviewing 19 employees and informants. Friedman Test and Interpretative Structural Modeling have been used to rank the strategic planning barriers and design a model to represent these factors. Since the ISM (Interpretive Structural Modeling) approach is based on expert opinion, 32 expert opinions in the field of the University were elicited. According to the obtained model, the most significant factor which constituted the cornerstone of the model was “managerial instability”. The results of this research led to the ranking of the barriers of the academic strategic planning process and the design of a model representing these factors. The findings also showed that the lack of development strategy, the lack of culture and planning thinking and the lack of deployment of strategic planning are the most important barriers for the academic strategic planning process respectively. Moreover, the heterogeneity of financial status and administrative demands was ranked at the end.

Today, causal relationships between universities and regions indicate that if there is synergy between the university system and the regional system, both sides will benefit from the value added. The purpose of this study was to present a suitable and efficient model for analyzing the development of university-region relations. In this study, mixed-exploratory research design method was used. In the qualitative part, the content analysis method was used by interviewing 15 informants. In the quantitative part, the structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) approach was used. Since this approach is based on expert opinion, the opinions of 29 experts in the field of academia and region were used. The results led to the classification of factors affecting the development of university-region relationships and the design of a model for these factors. The results of this research lead to the rating of the factors affecting the development of university-region relations and designing a model based in these factors. The findings also showed that sustainable and research-based development, university-region relationship, and strategic and development-oriented management are the most important factors in development of the university – region interactive development.

The present study aimed at identifying the policy options and strategies for developing interdisciplinary programs in Iran. Multiple methods were used, although the study was mainly qualitative and revolved around the focus group method. To this end, nine faculty members from universities and higher education institutions, who were experienced in teaching and conducting research projects, were selected through purposeful sampling. Data analysis was performed by qualitative content analysis method. To determine the validity of the data, two methods were used: member checking and review by non-participant experts. The research findings showed that nine policies could be developed for the enhancement of interdisciplinary programs based on the two factors, including the mixing rate that meant being multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary as well as the ecosystem of intercultural realization, i.e. Iran and the world. Also, 10 strategies and 18 executive strategies were recommended for the development of interdisciplinary programs in Iranian higher education system.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the stability and direction of relations among transformational leadership, organizational justice and organizational health in schools of Sabzevar. Regarding this purpose, the research is among practical studies. As a result, findings of present investigation can be applied for all schools and educational systems, particularly in the city of Sabzevar. In the basis of required data gathering, the study is descriptive and correlational in which variables relations are analyzed through research purpose. The study population contains all primary, middle school teachers of Sabzevar, engaged in teaching during school year 2015-2016. From 4892 samples, 357 were selected by Morgan table and 365 questionnaires were distributed by stratified random sampling in midyear 2016. Content and construct validity were considered to measure questionnaires validity. In addition content validity was confirmed by experts in scope of behavior and educational management. In order to measure stability, a primary sample including 40 questionnaires was pretested. One sample T-test, Kolmogorov - Smirnov test, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and structural equation modeling were used for inferential statistics. The results show that transformational leadership, both directly and indirectly through organizational justice plays a key role in development of organizational health. Also findings imply that organizational justice has significant, positive and direct impact on organizational health.

Recently, the concept of "scientific prestige" has attained an increasingly important status in winning the competitive advantages among universities and higher education institutions. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the direction and stability of relationships among service improvement, relationship quality and mental image on scientific prestige in higher education institutions. This descriptive study was of a causal-correlational type. The statistical population of this study was composed of all students residing in student dormitories of public universities in Semnan city and Sabzevar. A questionnaire was designed by the researcher(s) to measure the research variables and, then, it was distributed among 364 students who were selected by stratified random sampling method. Next, the Independent T-test, One-way ANOVA, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Model were used to analyze the data. The results showed that service improvement played a key role (directly and indirectly) in developing scientific prestige image through relationship quality. Also, the relationship quality had a positive, direct and meaningful impact on university’s scientific prestige image. In addition, the results showed that there was no significant difference between the male and female students in terms of mental image on university’s scientific prestige.

An increasing trend in the use of ICT in the present time has caused some changes in the educational system and its methods so it has doubled the need for researches and studies to be done in this domain. So, this study was to compare three e-learning, Traditional-E learning and traditional learning in the pharmacology lesson of nursing student to move forward for changing the educational system to an effective one.
In this quasi-experimental study, 90 nursing students that have entered university during educational years of 2014 and 2015 and have passed the pharmacology lesson in their second semester were selected, based on purposive sampling methods, and agreed to participate in the study. They were then assigned to three groups that each had 30 students in it (e-learning, Traditional-E learning and traditional learning). By the end of examination they were compared on the mean results of their final tests and the impact of the three different methods were examined.
Findings: Based on the results of the mean final scores of the students at the end of test we found out that the difference between the three methods was significant. It was concluded that the Traditional-E learning method was successful for students due to an increase in their final results.
Traditional-E learning method can be used as an alternative in teaching pharmacology for nursing.

Hospital Information System (HIS) is universal software for integrating information of patients, with the aim of improving the quality and reducing the costs. So, given the importance of these systems, continuous evaluation of hospital information is essential. The main goal of this study is to find and select pattern(s) suited for evaluating efficiency of these systems.
In this study, we evaluated the efficacy by novel multidimensional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methods. Statistical population included 28 of 34 hospitals supported by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences using hospital information systems.
The estimated scores of different models showed that various methods are different from each other, as the average and standard deviation of scores of the superior performance model and the conventional model were 0.2656 ± 0.74 and 0.0541 ± 0.04 respectively. However, despite this difference in scores, linear relationship between all the relationships (except for one relationship) was significant (p-value Based on theoretical justification and practical interpretation of the results and to cut the complexity in applying the operational model of performance evaluation, the superior performance method could be introduced as the preferred method to evaluate hospital information systems.

The aim of this study was the impact of knowledge sharing on team innovation Ferdowsi University of Mashhad faculty. Methods of the present study, the correlation (path analysis) and sampling is stratified sampling. This research using the questionnaire on the faculty of Ferdowsi Consisting of 261 patients was conducted. The results showed that attitude to share knowledge and motivation through the sharing of knowledge on innovation team are faculty members of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad indirect effect. But the desire to share knowledge through the sharing of knowledge on innovation team Ferdowsi University of Mashhad faculty had no effect. As well as the sharing of knowledge and innovation team of faculty members of Mashhad were satisfactory.

Background Emotional maturity and life satisfaction are among the important concepts affecting individual lives that have been studied little. This study aimed to determine the relationship between emotional maturity and life satisfaction of students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2014.
Methods & Materials This study was a descriptive-analytical study. The study population consisted of students of Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Which out of them, 140 were selected by convenience sampling method. Study tools in the current study included questionnaires of Diener life satisfaction, Bhargaqa emotional maturity, and demographic information. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results In this study, mean (SD) of emotional maturity and life satisfaction participants was 27.2(20.9) and 20.31(6.101). There is a significant relationship between emotional maturity and life satisfaction (r=-0.32, PConclusion Strong correlation was observed between emotional maturity and life satisfaction units. Emotional instability could predict life satisfaction and the general emotional maturity could be a good predictor of life satisfaction.

Abstract: Nowadays, art education is one of the challenges in the educational systems around the world. Accordingly, the main purpose of the current study was designing a curriculum model for General Education (Elementary and Secondary). This study was conducted within an analytic framework through content analysis. For the purpose of designing the model, through deduction, perception of meaning and pure aesthetic was identified as the final goal (first phase). The general goals and art education approaches were included in the second phase. There were different approaches like Islamic, DBAE, integrative, thinking disposition, perception of expressiveness in second introduction. In conclusion, principals were based on basics and art education approaches. These principles were including, lack of opposition with Islamic art, DBAE, research in meaning, integrative, attention to developmental psychology, orientation to perception of form, creativity and imagination training, and attention to applied in art. The comprehensive model in educational system is recommended as a method that could lead to the promotion of art education.

In recent years، the general consensus is that medical education should comprise ethics courses focusing on clinical decision-making skills and professional ethics in order to institutionalize a set of values in physicians. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the internal and external qualities of the medical ethics curriculum from the perspective of students. This was a survey research on a study population of 157 medical students who were taking the medical ethics course. A sample of 113 students were selected by simple random sampling، and data collection tool consisted of two researcher-made questionnaires. In this research، the internal quality of the curriculum was evaluated according to the following 9 elements as proposed by Francis Klein: objectives، content، learning activities، learning strategies، instructional material، resources، grouping، time، location، and evaluation. The external quality of the curriculum was assessed based on Kirkpatrick’s model with attention to students'' views on achievement of course objectives in terms of knowledge، skills and attitudes. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test). Based on the findings، the students viewed the internal quality of the medical ethics curriculum as undesirable in terms of the above-mentioned nine elements. Students also believed that the external quality of the ethics curriculum was at an average level in the knowledge and attitudes components، and undesirable in the skills component. Overall، our findings indicate that from the perspective of students، the quality of the medical ethics curriculum is low and the course needs to be reviewed and redesigned.

Academic interdisciplinary sciences require their own standards of excellence. The purpose of this study is to design and develop evaluation quality indicators of academic interdisciplinary sciences by applying descriptive and analytical methods. In this regard, firstly, conceptual aspects and the basic components and principles of Academic Interdisciplinary Sciences are identified. Accordingly, appropriate factors, criteria and indicators are developed. The statistical population of the research consists of documents in accessible databases and the research sample is specified through purposeful sampling method. The results indicate that the evaluation of academic interdisciplinary sciences should include five conceptual dimensions: multi-faceted issues, interdisciplinary insights, adhering to integrative process, Interdisciplinary understanding and interdisciplinary structure. Meanwhile it should also pay attention to five main factors: objectives, curriculum, teaching- learning process, faculty and management. Accordingly, in order to evaluate the quality of Academic Interdisciplinary Sciences, 5 factors, 14 criteria and 59 indicators are identified and designed in this study.

National development plans have main role in achieving the goals of 20 years perspective document of the country. For, this document provides guidance of general traits, growth and development of different sections in the country, includes; Science, Research and Technology. The purpose of this article is responding to the main question that which policies must be considered according to national documents in order to compile the fifth development plan in science, research and technology. Documentary study and analytical method have been applied according to the descriptive-logical nature of the study. Nine factors are selected as an objective sample for our research. Indices, check list and research forms are devices for data gathering in this paper. Due to the finding of the research, the central policies are categorized in scopes of culture, science, research, technology, human resource empowerment and infrastructure development, international and trans-sectional cooperation, responding and encouragement and articipation. Ultimately the most important principle policies are suggested for compiling fifth development plan in science and technology section. Consequently the plan could be compiled with more validity, if the planers consider these policies in the fifth plan document.

dynamics of university quality for the purpose of the using them in university budgeting. This research includes three main stages: First, we examine different methods of university budgeting comparatively. Then, on the basis of "Total Quality Management", we selecte and describe a few of quality indices contributing to ordinary budgeting methods and formulate a method entitled “Quality based budgeting indices of university system”. Finally, we collect the data related to quality indices of some selected universities and test the model. In order to standardize factors, criteria and quality indices of the university system, we designe two types of questionnaires:a) The questionnaire for standardizing and determining the weight of the factors and criteria by which we collect the viewpoints of 74 educational managers of the universities and higher education institutes.b) The questionnaire for standardizing and determining the weight of the quality indices of university system. This is completed by 296 university evaluation experts. After some revisions, the final model is introduced. This article offers the research findings with the emphasis on the introducing of the indices of dynamics of university quality.