امیر عباس عزیزی

A quality criterion for evaluating information systems (ISs) is their usability, which can be determined by examining the user interface. User interface issues may generate user errors, dissatisfaction, and inefficiency, making IS adoption difficult. Therefore, the International Standard Organization recommends usability testing to evaluate IS acceptability and deployment. So, this study aimed to develop a native model for the usability testing of hospital information systems (HISs) via heuristic evaluation (HE).

This multi-staged qualitative study was conducted in 2020; ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Civilica, and Magiran databases were searched. After meeting the inclusion criteria, the articles were scored. Then, the initial model was created in the following stage by extracting data from library sources and validated using the Delphi technique, and consequently, the final model was presented.

: The native model was developed using thirteen principles: 1) visibility of system status, 2) the match between the system and the real world, 3) users’ control and freedom, 4) consistency and standards, 5) error prevention, 6) recognition rather than recall, 7) flexibility and efficiency of use, 8) aesthetic and minimalist design, 9) helping users recognize, diagnose, and recover errors, 10) documentation and help, 11) skill , 12) pleasurable, respectful interaction with users, and 13) privacy protection.

This study demonstrated that localizing the usability evaluation of HISs based on trustworthy sources and HE is a wise strategy, because not only it avoids repetitive processes, but also it uses the best up-to-date resources to enable the presentation of the highest evaluation quality.

Gestational diabetes is associated with many short-term and long-term complications in mothers and newborns; hence, the detection of its risk factors can contribute to the timely diagnosis and prevention of relevant complications. The present study aimed to design and compare Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prediction models using artificial intelligence algorithms.

In this study, Decision Tree and Artificial Neural Network algorithms were used to predict GDM. The research population encompassed 1270 pregnant women referred for primary care at urban healthcare centers in Ahvaz, of whom 816 persons were healthy, and 454 individuals were diagnosed with GDM. To evaluate the effectiveness of the GDM prediction models, their sensitivity, specificity, precision, and accuracy were calculated and compared. Finally, the AdaBoost classification algorithm was used to boost the two proposed models.

Following the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), nine cases were selected for primary modeling. In the Artificial Neural Network model, the area under the ROC curve and sensitivity were 83.2 and 85.1%, respectively, and the area under the ROC curve and sensitivity for the Decision Tree model were 0.826 and 84%, respectively. After removing variables with lower weights and reinforcing the proposed model, the level under the rock curve and sensitivity increased by 0.861 and 92.1%, respectively. In this regard, fasting blood sugar at the first pregnancy visit, history of gestational diabetes in previous pregnancies, body mass index, mothers’ age, and family history of diabetes had the highest accuracy in predicting GDM.

The findings of this study indicate that artificial intelligence algorithms are accurate and effective for the early prediction of gestational diabetes.

In recent years, in order to solve problems related to the storage and retrieval of paper-based medical records, the hospitals of the country have been scanning them using imaging systems. technology development allows unauthorized access to data. Therefore, data protection laws are required to maintain the confidentiality of patient information. In the present study, we are to investigate the confidentiality of medical records in digitalizing hospitals in the city of Ahwaz and provide a model for maintaining and enhancing data confidentiality.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that investigates the confidentiality of medical records in selected hospitals of Ahwaz in 2019. The study population includes 11 selected hospitals. The required data were gathered through an researcher-made checklist completed in person (by observing) at Medical Record Department and Information Technology Units. These data were analyzed in Excel.

According to the study, despite various security criteria to protect the confidentiality of data, obtaining written letter of commitment for nondisclosure of the password and username had been ignored in all the centers under study except one.

Considering the sensitivity of health data, it is recommended that hospitals develop a written form as letter of commitment to improve confidentiality. They should require information technology and medical documents officials as well as all users to fill in the form before they can access any type of data. Keywords: Confidentiality, Security, Privacy

Periodic assessment of medical sciences databases is a necessary principle of the process of enhancement these databases. The aim of this study was to Comparatively evaluate structural features of medical bibliographic databases including MedLib, Barakat knowledge network system, Irandoc, SID, Magiran and PubMed, based on Gulliver criteria.
This survey was carried out in accordance with Gulliver's assessment checklist 2002. This checklist consists of 12 sections including entry page, searching, limiting, record viewing and manipulating, graphics, record retrieval, selective dissemination of information services, general design, terminology, icon design and placement, help and advanced features. The study was conducted on five national databases and one foreign database.
Among the databases, PubMed gained the first ranking with a score of 89.16 percent. Among the national databases, new SID database with a score of 57.5 percent gained the top rank. Other databases including Irandoc (56.25%), Magiran (54.58 %), Barkat knowledge network system (52.91 %), MedLib (51.25%) and old SID (47.5 %) obtained next ranking respectively.
Despite improvements indices in updated national databases, many of the indicators are far from prestigious databases such as PubMed. It is recommended that in development of national databases, features such as search, help, SDI, entry page, advanced features and record retrieval should be considered.

Medical records are considered as an essential element of patient’s health care provision. Due to a rising service provision by healthcare centers, there is an increase in the medical record loads as well. It has led to a series of problems, such as limited physical space, records wearing and an increased need for resources. Moreover, the most important efficiency of records, which is their application in clinical research, is questioned. In the present study, researchers have presented a model of minimum data sets which helps to index and electronically archive hard-copy records according to the selected data and metadata. This study was an applied research type, conducted in three stages in 2013 via modified Delphi technique. Target population consisted of specialists working in hospitals. As the sample, 8 physicians who were specialists or subspecialists participated in interviews and filled out checklist surveys. The collected data were later analyzed using Excel 2013. The results show that data elements such as “final diagnosis” and “operations and others” were the most common items considered by the physicians in clinical follow up, and most common medical records was “operation’s repots”. Finding significant correlation among physician’s research questions was not possible due to large variety of subjects. The researchers presented a framework of minimum data sets for a purposive archiving of records for clinical and research-based applications. This framework can act as the applied goal setting of the retrieval model based on physicians’ clinical requirements in their medical follow-ups. Furthermore, considering physicians’ needs for accessing records through analyzing their probable requests can provide a possibility of data retrieval in diverse conditions.

The Importance of disease classification for facilitating medical research is clear. The Medical diagnosis classification is usually done through International Classification of Disease (ICD) system. Sometimes, diagnostic terms in medical records require to be replaced by equivalent term according to international classification of disease system. In order to optimize the patient’ medical records, using information technology, especially designing and developing application in classification of local medical diagnosis are recommended. This research aimed to identify local cardiovascular diagnoses and develop an application for classification and coding them. This research is an applied study, conducted on 500 medical records in Mashhad Imam Reza and Ghaem hospitals. After that, the concept mapping developed between diagnostic terms and the ICD terms. Data were collected through observation, interview, and checklist, and then the application was developed for coding diagnoses. Furthermore, the coding agreement coefficient related to first and second final diagnoses recorded in medical records was calculated among three raters via interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). In this research, 1081 codes were investigated and 676 diagnoses of them were recorded in the record summary form. The number of the local diagnoses and abbreviations with their codes were 147 cases. The coding agreement rate among raters was 70% and 88% in the first and second final diagnosis, respectively. Due to the excellent agreement between raters about the local cardiovascular terms performed through the coding application, it can be concluded that the designed application has high reliability in coding and can be used for classification of diagnoses in different hospital departments.

Every year، the considerable amounts of hospital income are deducted by the insurance organizations as deductions. The aim of this study was to survey the deductions applied by medical services and social security insurances organizations on bills of teaching hospitals affiliated to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences.

This is cross-sectional study which was conducted in 2009-2010. All of the bills sent by five teaching hospitals affiliated to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences، to medical services and social security insurance organizations in years 2008-2009 were studied. Instrument for data gathering was checklists designed according to the bills sent to insurance organization. The Checklist validity was confirmed by expert''s opinions. Data analyzed by using descriptive statistics in SPSS software.

The total deduction for outpatient and inpatient bills applied by Medical Services Insurance organization was 6. 62 %. The total deduction for outpatient and inpatient bills applied by Social Security Insurance was 4. 9%. In comparison، the deductions of inpatient hospital bills were more than outpatient hospital bills (6. 99% to 3. 36%).

Results showed that although small percentage of accounts involves deductions but the low amount of this deduction had significant financial imposes to hospitals. Thus، planning to reduce deductions is recommended by the Universities of Medical Sciences.

This research was conducted through systematic review of health information literature with the purpose of extracting the factors affecting the acceptance of electronic health records. In this study, using a five-stage search strategy, 194 articles were extracted from four scientific databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library and CINAHL, and were analyzed after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, the factors affecting the acceptance of electronic health records were reviewed and three categories of facilitators, barriers and common factorswere organized. The most important facilitator, barrier, and common factor includes the government support and health insurance companies, costs, and productivity and organization revenue, respectively.

In the past decades, machine learning algorithms have become a useful tool for data mining within huge amounts of health data to create prediction models. Burn is one of the diseases that predicting of its outcome has high importance. The aim of this study was to survey two widely used machine learning algorithms; neural network and decision tree, and compare them with logistic regression method to predict the outcome of burn patients. In this retrospective observational study, following preprocessing of the data and determining the outcome of patient (live or death), two well-known machine learning algorithms (neural network and decision tree) and logistic regression method were used to create prediction models using data from 4804 burn patients hospitalized in Taleghani Burn Center in Ahvaz during the years 2001-2007. The preprocessing of the data was performed using SPSS (Version16.0), and in the modeling phase, Clementine (Version 12.0) software was used. Moreover, 10-fold cross validation technique was used to validate the model and criteria for evaluating the performance of models were measured and compared. The results showed that the neural network algorithm with accuracy of 97% resulted the most accurate model on the studied data. The decision tree model with 95% accuracy was in the second place and the logistic regression model with an accuracy of 90% was the least accurate. Moreover other evaluating criteria such as sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and AUC showed that performance of the neural network model was better than the others. The current study shows that machine learning algorithms compared with statistical methods create more accurate models. In analyzing the current data, the model created by artificial neural network is more accurate than the other machine learning algorithm, decision tree.Keywords: Data Mining; Machine Learning; Forecasting; Decision Tree; Artificial Neural Network; Burns

Using data mining to develop prediction models from large amounts of data in medicine has become increasingly popular during the recent years. In this study، we intend to use a decision tree data mining algorithm in order to identify factors influencing mortality in burn patients.

The present retrospective descriptive study is based on burning patients’ records. Overall، the medical records of 4804 patients were scrutinized. The collected data were analyzed using statistical software (SPSS version 16)، data mining software (Clementine version 12)، and CHAID algorithm.

The resulting model for predicting survival and mortality of burning patients included the percentage of Total Burn Surface Area (TBSA %)، degree of burn، length of stay، gender، and age of patients. Other variables including blood cultures، wound cultures، urine cultures، and the months of patient hospitalization had no effect on improving the efficiency of the model.

The proposed model is valid and reliable due to its accuracy (approximately 95%). In fact، the results of this study، some of which are consistent with the results of other studies، can propose a comprehensive، accurate، and reliable local model for predicting mortality and survival of burning patients based on the mentioned variables. Thus، this local model can be used as an important criterion for evaluating the effective treatment of burn patients.

the main source of hospital income is by selling health care services provided to the insured. Thus, the quality of services and facilities to the insured population and other individuals can be improved by controlling these resources to make correct and efficient use of them and to avoid the wasting. So the aim of research was survey the amount deduction rate by medical services and social security insurance organizations with accounts to be sent to Teaching Hospitals University. The study was cross-sectional, descriptive and type of it was applied study Research documents included all bills sent by Khorramabad Teaching Hospitals to Medical Services and Social Security organizations. The instrument for data collection was check list. Data by descriptive statistic and SPSS software were analyzed. The Mean of hospitalization and outpatient deductions accounts sent with Medical Services insurance was 4.22%, the highest and the lowest deductions accounts, respectively, were related to Shohadaye Ashaeer with 5.46 % and psychiatric hospital with 0.18 %. And so, the anesthesia cost have a highest percentage of bills deductions (18.46%). the average of hospitalization and outpatient deductions accounts sent with Social Security insurance was 4.22%. Shohadaye Ashaeer hospital with 6.24 % of most deduction and psychiatric hospital with 0.19 % had the lowest deduction. although deduction was applied to a small percentage of accounts, a significant financial burden was imposes to the hospitals. The major causes of deduction, documentation incomplete records, lack of familiarity with hospital information systems, incomplete and incorrect registration insurance code; up coding, incorrect calculations, lack of adequate training and other factors as is. It is recommended to universities for reduce the amount of deductions to adopt appropriate policy.

The main source of hospital income is through selling health care services provided to the insured. Thus، the quality of services and facilities to the insured population and other individuals can be improved by controlling these sources to make correct and efficient use of them and to avoid wasting. Therefore، the aim of the preset study was to analyze the deduction rate by medical services and social security insurance organizations with accounts and bills sent to university hospitals. This was a cross-sectional، descriptive applied study. The study documents included all bills sent by university hospitals of Khorramabad to medical services and social security organizations. The tool for data collection was a check list. The mean deductions of hospitalization and outpatient accounts sent by medical services insurance was 4. 22%، and the highest and lowest deductions accounts were related to Shohadaye Ashayer with 5. 46 % and psychiatric hospital with 0. 18%، respectively. Besides، the anesthesia cost had the highest percentage of bills deductions (18. 46%). The mean of hospitalization and outpatient deduction’s accounts sent with social security insurance was 4. 22%. Shohadaye Ashayer Hospital with 6. 24 % had the highest deduction and Psychiatric Hospital with 0. 19 % had the lowest deduction. Although deduction was applied to a small percentage of accounts، a significant financial burden was imposed to the hospitals. The major causes of deduction included incomplete documentation records، lack of familiarity with hospital information systems، incomplete and incorrect registration insurance code، up coding، incorrect calculations، lack of adequate training and other factors. Universities are recommended to reduce the amount of deductions to adopt appropriate policy.

Owing to t he critical importance of emergency department activities in saving lives، information systems of this department should be free of fault to prevent the incidence of errors. Usability evaluation methods are used to assess this quality measure. Heuristic evaluation is one of the methods which identifies usability problems with minimum amount of time، cost and resources. The objective of this research was to evaluate the usability of emergency department admission subsystem of health information systems in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Using Nielsen’s 10 usability principles، three trained evaluators، independent of each other، evaluated the corresponding subsystem and determined the severity of identified problems. All the problems، identified by independent evaluators، were collected in a single list and the mean severity of each problem was calculated. A total of 163 usability problems were identified. The lowest mismatch with usability principles was related to “error prevention” (3 %) and the highest was related to “consistency and standards” (27 %). The average severity of problems varied from 2. 3 (minor problem) concerning “system''s visibility” to 2. 9 (major problem) concerning “help users recognize، diagnose، and recover from errors”. Heuristic Evaluation can be used to identify a high number of usability problems related to health information applications in health care systems. If remain unsolved، these problems may waste users’ and patients’ time، increase errors، reduce data quality، and in general، threaten patient’s safety.

The effective role of using hospital information system in improving the quality of medical services, increasing satisfaction and improvement of treatment economic is undeniable. As for the role of hospital information system on informing health care providers and hospital managers, the aim of this research was to identifying it's abilities and determining the effects it has on hospitals performances.

This study was an applied research done by analytic method. Data gathering was performed by observing the Razi hospital medical record department and records review and statistics analysis. Data analysis carried out by descriptive statistic and t-test. The research population includes only one hospital in Ahvaz.

By using hospital information system, the total cost mean of diseases increased (27.41%).The mean of patient's length of stay in both manual system and HIS was paralleled. bed occupancy percentage hadn’t major change.

The findings of this study showed using hospital information system had no considered effect on reducing patient care processes.

• Hospital information system (HIS) is a computerized system which is used as an electronic tool for patient information management and plays a significant role in providing quality health care services. Therefore, HIS user's satisfaction about the quality of the services offered is crucial in assessing and more importantly improving the technical aspects of the system. On the other hand, user's dissatisfaction can affect costs and health care quality. Thus, the present study tries to evaluate user's satisfaction about the quality of HIS in hospitals associated with Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences.• This applied, descriptive cross-sectional research was conducted on 80 users of two hospitals with HIS in Kermanshah during 2007. Simple and availability sampling methods were used. A questionnaire was designed for data gathering. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by test-retest (r = 0.80). SPSS was used for descriptive data analysis.• The findings indicated relative satisfaction levels among 39.3%, 36.9%, and 38.2% of the users about the quality of HIS interfaces, quality of HIS functions, and the quality of HIS information, respectively. In addition, 30.4% of the users were slightly satisfied with the quality of HIS performance. In general, 34.9% of the users considered the quality of HIS as satisfactory.• Based on our findings, the general reasons for low satisfaction levels among the users about the quality of HIS were lack or absence of education about HIS for users, absence of medical staff in HIS support teams and existence of manual processes.

The board of directors of health institution had left the responsibility of improvement of observation information to the medicine cadre. Therefore, the medical record committee is formed. This study is done to survey the function of medical record committee of Educational Hospitals in Ahvaz based on committee’s records. This subject is studied due to positive impact on the decisions of medical centres based on the removal of the medical record committees’ functions deficiencies. This applied study is descriptive-segmental, that is accomplished with method of statistic of the whole records of the convened meetings of the medical record committee of Educational Hospitals in Ahvaz in 2009 and the first half of the 2010. The tool of collecting data is a checklist that is codified by the researchers based on internet and biblical references. The number of records was 50. Data analysed by Microsoft office excel 2007. the most important issue that were discussed was the Improvement of removal of Medical records’ deficiencies (49.66%). Regarding to the lack of convening the meetings regularly, and imperfect presence of members, function of medical record committee of selected Hospitals isn’t appropriate. Hence, convening the meetings regularly and presence of the major members of the committee is considerable.

Evaluation of medical records departments in hospitals of Iran shows that these departments have not achieved desirable standards and high quality services. The major aim of this survey is to evaluate the performance of the Medical Records Departments of hospitals of Ahvaz for awareness of their status. This is an applied research, conducted in descriptive cross-sectional. Research population includes medical records departments of hospitals Imam Khomeini, Golestan, Razi, Aboozar, Shafa, Taleghani, Salamat and Sina. In this study the required data has been collected by the use of a questionnaire and four types of check-lists in each of Admission, Filing, Coding and statistics units. To analyze of data, each four checklists of units was assigned 100 score and then the performance average of each unit was calculated and compared. The best performance was for statistics units (71.97%) and lowest it was for coding units (56.79%) Functional status standards were partially observed. Auditing results show that the functional status in medical records departments of university hospitals in Ahvaz lack standard instructions that should be followed on all the functional processes and require appropriate attention by trustees of these hospitals.

Electronic Medical Records has of practically paved the way to centralize information without being worried about physical space. Although Iran, from technology point of view has been able to compete with developed countries, it has fallen behind Medical Records technology. In this study, hospital information Systems in Educational Hospitals of Iran, Tehran, and Shahid Beheshti Medical Universities were compared with the criteria of American College of Physicians to specify the shortcomings and ultimately some recommendations were offered to develop national criteria to the level of those of the above mentioned college. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 2006. The research population included: all Educational Hospitals of Iran (14 Hospitals), Tehran (12 Hospitals) and Shahid Beheshti (9 Hospitals) Universities. Since all of the related Hospitals were studied, no sampling was done. Data collection was done through direct observation and interview. Using nine (9) checklists based on the criteria of American College of Physicians (including Pharmacies, Laboratories, radiology departments, and Medical Records Departments and Clinical wards). Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and SPSS software. The average conformity in the Medical Records departments in Iran, Tehran and Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences Universities was 29.1, 25.6, 29.7, in pharmacies 39.7, 39.3, 36.8, in radiology departments 36.4, 36.8, 37.7, in laboratories 38.3, 37.2, 29.8, in referral features 38.7, 39, 34.5, in clinical interactions 33.1, 32.5, 29.2, in preventive medicine 38.2, 36.7, 33.9, in patient education 37.1, 36.6, 37.7 and 38.7, 43.4, 39.6 in diagnostic features respectively. The rate of final conformity in hospital information systems in educational hospitals to the criteria of the American College of Physician indicates that the total average of medical records systems is less than 50 (< 50). On the other hand, since the total average of medical records systems is less than 50, it is concluded that rate of conformity in medical records systems educational hospital of Iran, Tehran and Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences Universities is low.

Medical Records Departments play an important role in evaluation and planning for performance of care services quality and quantity. This study was aimed to evaluate the performance of the Medical Record Department of Kermanshah Educational Hospitals by Standards of Ministry of Health & Medical Education. This is an applied descriptive cross-sectional research; Research population includes medical records departments of hospitals of affiliated of Kermanshah medical university and medical sciences. Needed data has been collected by Interviews and Observations, (using a questionnaire and four check-lists for Admission, Filing, Coding and statistics units). To analyze of data, each four checklists of units was assigned 100 scores and then the performance average of each unit was calculated and compared. The best performance was for statistics units by average 70/5% and lowest of it was for filing units by average 56/3%. The best total performance of MRD was for Imam Reza hospital by average 83/25% and the lowest of it was for Motazedi hospital by average 48/6%. Some hospitals use obsolete books for diseases coding. None of hospitals have written instructions pertinent to destruction of ambulatory, emergency and inpatient records. Most of filing units don’t use correct filing system.

Disaster medicine and crisis management can reduce the effects and hazards of disasters. In addition to, new technologies health information management which enters, collects, saves, retrieves and analyzes necessary information and makes it accessible to managers and planners. To review crisis management in medical record in teaching hospitals in Kerman Province and Brujerd city; and providing a model for Iran. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the year 2006. The research population included the medical record staffs working at teaching hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences and hospitals in Borujerd. Two questionnaires (Administrators/ personnel) were used for data collection. Data collection was made through field study. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics method. With Delphi systems, the recommended model was put into practice in one phase, and eventually after the analysis of the test results, the final model for crisis management in medical record was presented. The crisis management in medical record departments was weak. In addition the personnel awareness concerning crisis management in medical record departments was 55.37%. The structure of the suggested model was in accordance with the standards of USA (AHIMA/HIMSS), and the points of views of the research population. Some steps should be taken to hold periodic training courses, to plan and to equip medical record departments. The structure of the suggested model for crisis management in medical record departments is provided in 6 axes. Keywords: