فهرست مطالب امیرحمزه سبزی

Background and Aims:

 Time-of-day is a factor that could affect balance performance. On the other hand, arousal fluctuates throughout the day. The aim of this study was to investigate the static balance performance prediction based on arousal and activation in circadian rhythm.

Methods:

 In the current study, 30 healthy subjects (age= 21± 0.5 years) participated. Static balance performance was measured three times: 10:00 am, 15:00 pm, and 8:00 pm. Arousal was recorded continuously during the performance of the balance task. A balance scoring test (BESS) and a Bioderm device were used to measure static balance and arousal. Repeated measures ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results:

 Results indicated that balance performance was greater at 3:00 pm than at 8:00 pm and 10:00 am (P<0.05). The relationship between activation and static balance performance was significant (P<0.05), while no significant relationship was found between arousal and static balance performance. Also, the intensity of activation correlation and static balance performance was higher at 3:00 pm (P<0.05, r=-0.46). The regression results showed that activation was a significant predictor at three different times of the day.

Conclusion :

According to the results, these findings can provide evidence for differentiation between arousal and activation as separable aspects of the energetics of physiological and behavioral function. It also introduces activation as a factor that raises the static balance in the afternoon to morning and evening.

The purpose of this study was to explain the correlational model Organizational Ethical Culture with professional ethics in sport coaches. 185 coaches from various sports were selected using simple random sampling method and completed the Organizational Ethical Culture Questionnaire and Professional Ethics Questionnaire of Sporting Coaches. The Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression model. So, respect to values and norms, coaching philosophy, humanistic relationship, interest to profession, applying collective wisdom and rule orientation were explained by the dimensions of Organizational Ethical Culture, respectively. The dimensions of Organizational Ethical Culture explained totally 11.9% of overall level professional ethics variance in sport coaches. With this in mind, in order to improve professional ethics, serious attention should be paid to the culture of organizational ethics.

One of the most important key factors in achieving development is the optimal use of human resources. Therefore, it is of especial importance to pay attention to the talent and role of women in managerial positions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between glass rock, and job motivation and organizational maturity in female employees of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences.

This was a descriptive-correlational study. 367 female employees of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences were selected based on Morgan table and available sampling. To collect data, questionnaires regarding glass rock, organizational maturity and job motivation were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression.

The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between glass rock, and job motivation and organizational maturity of female employees of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. The results of regression analysis also showed that the glass rock was able to predict the job motivation and organizational maturity of female employees.

According to the results, the glass rock has a negative relationship with job motivation and organizational maturity of female employees. The presence of glass rock in the organization reduces the organizational maturity and job motivation of female employees.

The aging process is associated with gradual physiological changes in body systems. Identifying problems and issues of the elderly to improve their level of health is essential. Physical activity is an effective way to prevent, delay, or treat aging consequences. The underwater treadmill is one of the most recommended devices for the elderly and people who suffer from joint and muscle pain. One of the main and essential advantages of using an underwater treadmill is that it removes all the limitations people face in aerobic sports and treadmills and the possibility of sports activities. All people of different ages and different levels of physical fitness can use this treadmill. One of the limitations in these sports is the pressure exerted that can lead to muscle cramps and injuries and exacerbate joint wear in certain people, such as those with chronic joint disease, people with obesity, and the elderly, which prevents them from doing so do sports activities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of underwater treadmill exercise on static balance, dynamic balance, and cognitive ability of inactive elderly women.

The research is a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest design and a control group. Out of the elderly women referred to Hijia Sports Club in Arak City, Iran, 30 elderly women over 60 years old were randomly selected and divided into two experimental and control groups (each group with 15 people). The sample size of the present study was determined by Cohen's table of sample size in experimental studies, considering the effect size of 0.7, test power of 0.91, and the significance level of 0.05. The inclusion criteria included their interest, liking, and non–involvement in regular exercise programs. The personal information questionnaire was also used to control other inclusion criteria such as independence in daily activities and no vision problems, history of falls in the last year, joint dislocation or chronic arthritis, and dizziness; otherwise, they were excluded from the study. The experimental group performed running on an underwater treadmill for 8 weeks, three sessions per week (24 sessions in total), and each session lasted 30 minutes. The training intensity was determined for 10 minutes with 40%–45% and 20 minutes with 55%–65% of the maximum heart rate reserve. All sessions began with a short warm–up, including light aerobic activity and dynamic, static stretching, and ended with a cool–down. It is noteworthy that the control group performed daily activities during the intervention and did not have any other effective and regular sports activities. Changes in static and dynamic balance and cognitive ability before and after the training period were measured by the Modified Stork test (Stork, 1976), Dynamic Balance Performance test (Timed Up and Go test) (Mahtisa, 1985), and Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) (Folstein et al., 1975). The collected data were classified and described by calculating the mean and standard deviation and drawing a table. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software version 22. A significance level of 0.05 was considered in all analyzes.

The results showed that after the exercise intervention with an underwater treadmill, a significant difference was found between the experimental group with the control regarding the mean scores of static balance (p<0.001), dynamic balance (p<0.001), and cognitive ability (p<0.001), so that the static balance score, dynamic balance, and cognitive ability was higher in the experimental group than the control group. Eta squared showed that 62% of the increase in static balance, 71% of the increase in dynamic balance, and 70% of the increase in cognitive ability in the inactive elderly woman was due to the effect of training with an underwater treadmill.

According to the results, 8 weeks of underwater treadmill training effectively improves static balance, dynamic balance, and cognitive ability of inactive elderly women.

The present study was carried out to design a model of the effect of selfie, social network sites usage, and the number of photos shared in social network sites on the happiness among national team athletes. This study was a survey research in terms of the methodology. The statistical population of this study included all athletes of national teams in Iran in different sport fields. Due to hard and difficult access to these athletes, 200 athletes of the national team were selected as the study sample. The results of this study showed that, the number of photos shared in social network sites has a significant positive effect on the happiness. Considering the results obtained in this study, it was found that, the model presented in this study has a suitable fit.

Aging is associated with some gradual physiological changes in body systems, including a decrease in muscle strength and range of motion, an increase in reaction time, as well as alterations in balance and sensory systems. Physical activity can be used to prevent, delay, or treat age-related problems. The study aims at specifying the effects of vestibular exercises on the balance performance of inactive elderly.

This study was a quasi-experiment conducted in Karaj in 2019, with pre-test, post-test, and control groups in which 40 inactive male volunteers older than 60 years were randomly assigned into an experimental group (20) and a control group (20). The experimental group participated in vestibular exercises for twelve sessions (three 45-minute sessions per week). The dynamic balance test was used to measure equilibrium performance. The one-way ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) was used to analyze the data.

The results of covariance analysis indicated a significant difference in the mean of balance performance between experimental group and control group after the intervention (p<0.05). The score of balance performance in the experimental and control groups was 19.45±0.23 and 20.55±0.15, respectively, indicating enhanced balance performance in the experimental group.

Considering the effects of vestibular exercises on the enhancement of balance performance of the elderly, it is suggested that planning these exercises be mandatory for the elderly community. Poor balance and fall risk in the elderly can be prevented through appropriate vestibular exercises.

Psychologists believe that paying attention to nurseschr('39') psychological health can increase their motivation for conducting their duties while are at work. Inattention to mental health is one of the most important factors in reduced productivity, be loosed human power, and develops physical and mental complications especially in professional services.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence training on the mental health of nurses in the intensive care unit.

This was an experimental study with pretest, posttest design which was done in 1397 in Khorramabad. Fifty nurses were selected based on inclusion criteria and purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control by using a table of random numbers. The Goldberg Questionnaire was used to assess mental health. Experimental protocol included emotional intelligence training for seven sessions, 60 minutes each session. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software and Statistical tests.

The experimental and control groups were significantly different in posttest in terms mental health, Somatic Symptoms, Anxiety and Sleep Disorder, Disorder in Social Function, Depression Symptoms(p<0.05). The mental health score in the experimental and control groups were 22.32 ±3.86 and 30.84± 5.65, respectively, indicating an improvement in mental health in the experimental group.

According to the results, emotional intelligence training interventions for seven sessions could be effective to improve mental health among nurses in the intensive care unit hospital.

The purpose of this study was to study the effect of organizational climate on organizational enthusiasm and silence with the role of glass cluster mediation among female employees. The research method is descriptive-survey. The sample consisted of 110 female employees. Organizational climate was assessed by Organizational Climate Questionnaire (SUSMAN), Organizational Silence with Harlow's Questionnaire (2001) and Saloon's Eagerness (2001). The Rock Climat Questionnaire, which was developed by Babaei Zakliki (2006), was used. The findings show the effect of organizational climate on increasing organizational eagerness and reducing organization silence and glass rocks. The Ali coefficients of the paths between the three main research structures show the indirect effect of organizational climate (through the glass mediator) on increasing the enthusiasm and reducing organizational silence. According to the results of the research, glass cliffs can negatively affect occupation. In other words, the more women of the society in their working environment feel the glass of glass, their desire and desire for work decreases.

The purpose of this study was to provide a model of the effect of organizational pessimism and political behavior on organizational health of the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. 120 employees of the Sports and Youth Department were chosen simple randomly method for research sample. Organizational health (Hoy and Feldman, 1996), organizational pessimism (Dean et al, 1998), and political behaviors (Dubrin, 1987) questionnaires were used. Validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the experts and their reliability were studied in a pilot study with 30 subjects and calculated as 0.88, 0.82 and 0.87 respectively. Analysis of the data done by using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling through SPSS 22 and AMOS softwares. The dimensions of organizational pessimism and the overall level of organizational pessimism had a negative but poorly with organizational health dimensions as well as a general level of organizational health. There is a negative and significant relationship between the dimensions of political behaviors and the overall level of political behavior and overall level of organizational health. the conceptual model of organizational pessimism, political behaviors, and organizational health is a suitable model, because based on the findings of this study, organizational pessimism and political behaviors have a direct and negative effect on employees' organizational health Sports and Youth Department. That all managers of the Sports and Youth Office should be able to improve their organizational health by controlling and managing their political behaviors and reducing the pessimism of employees in the organization.

One of the main characteristics of children with DCD is poor postural control. Compared with their peers, these children are less capable of controlling their balance during variable circumstances due to the fact that they respond more slowly to balance disturbances. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12 sessions of vestibular stimulation exercises on the balance of performance in children with developmental coordination disorder.

In the current experimental study with pretest, posttest design, 30 children with DCD were randomly divided into two groups of experiment and control. The modified strok test and walking heel to toe test were used to assess dynamic and static balance. Experimental protocol included vestibular stimulation exercises for 12 sessions, 3 sessions a week, with each session lasting for 45 minutes.

The experimental and control groups were significantly different in posttest in terms of dynamic and static balance in that the average balance scores in experimental group were better than those of the control group.

According to the results, vestibular stimulation exercises interventions for 12 sessions could be effective to improve dynamic and static balance in individuals with developmental coordination disorders.

Obesity and overweight are not only known as the main cause of non-transmissible diseases such as blood pressure, blood lipids, diabetes, and myocardial infarction, but also have an impact on other aspects of human life. Thus, the purpose of this study is to compare the components Physical fitness, perceived physical fitness, and fundamental motor skills in obese and non-obese children. The research method was causal-comparative. To this purpose, 160 primary school students in Karaj in 2012 were selected by convenient sampling and assigned to the body mass index in two obese and non-obese groups. To collect data, the perceived physical fitness questionnaire (Abadie, 1988), test of gross motor development-2 (Ulrich, 2000), and test of physical fitness components were used. Data were analyzed using two way and multivariate variance analysis. Two-way variance analysis of data showed that there is a significant difference between the components of physical fitness and fundamental motor skills between girls and boys (p< 0.05). In these variables, boys had better performance than than non-obese girls and children. Also, multivariate analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the agility, speed, flexibility and power subscale in obese and non-obese groups (p< 0.05). According to the results of this study, obesity causes decrease in physical fitness and level of motor skills in children.

  Dynamic balance is a key element in everyday and sports activities and it is important to examine the factors that affect it. The present study focused on the relationship between arousal and activation with dynamic balance at different times of the day. A total of 30 male participants, aged 21.01±1.64 performed dynamic test at 10:00 a.m., 15:00, and 20:00 p.m. on a single day. Skin conductance level of participants was recorded continuously during performing balance task. ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and regression were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that dynamic balance based on reaching distance was higher at 15:00 p.m. than 20:00 p.m. and 10:00 a.m. It was also found that a linear relationship exists between activation and performance; the intensity of correlation was higher in the afternoon. These findings support the idea on separation of arousal and activation as separable aspects of the physiological and behavioral functions. In this approach, the activation was introduced for the afternoon as the factor causing superiority of dynamic balance, as compared with morning and evening

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of education based on the developmental physical education on students’ attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. To this aim, 40 boy students (7 to 10 years old) with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, in a quasi-experimental study with per- and post-test design, were selected from Gorgan city’s primary schools in 2015-2016 academic year, and randomly assigned into two groups (experimental and control) and participated in a three-month period course (two sessions of one-hour weekly) of education based on the developmental physical education. The intervention consisted of education and exercise of the fundamental movement skills and physical fitness components according to the developmental physical education for related age group, which embedded in game format to supply physical, cognitive and movement demands. The level of disorder was measured using short form of Conner’s Parents Ratting Scale and diagnostic interviews, and the resulted data were analyzed using analysis of covariance at 95 percent confidence level. The results showed that after controlling for pre-test levels, conduct problems, social problems, anxiety-shyness, psychosomatic, and overall level of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in experimental group at post-test is significantly lower than control group. Based on the findings of the study, a three-month period course of education based on the developmental physical education is effective in reduction of symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in boy students and it can be applied as a proper intervention.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of education based on growth physical education on working memory of elementary school students. 60 male students from Gorgan city were randomly assigned into two groups (experimental and control) in a pretest-posttest research attempt. Working memory test was administered among the participants before and after three months of training in physical education from both groups. Developmental/physical education program was designed as games whose aim was to enhance perceptual-motor, physical, and cognitive ability of the participants. The working memory test of Korando was used to collect data. The obtained data was analyzed using covariance analysis (p≤0.05). The results showed that there was a significant difference between the scores of working memory among the two groups after controlling for pretest levels, so that the scores of posttest in experimental group was significantly higher than the control group. In general, it can be argued that the standard plans of growth physical education led to increase in cognitive abilities of students, and it is suggested that teachers of physical education in all levels of education use standard programs in order to promote the mobility and cognitive abilities of students.

The purpose of this study was to explain the correlational model of spiritual health with professional ethics in sport coaches. To this aim, 185 coaches (117 males and 68 females, age mean 41.57 years, coaching experience mean 15.27 years) from various sports were selected using simple random sampling method and completed the Spiritual Health Questionnaire (Allah-Bakhshian et al., 2010) and Professional Ethics Questionnaire of Sporting Coaches (Eydi et al., 2016). The Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, multivariate regression model, and structural equation modeling at the 95% confidence level. The results showed that dimensions and overall level of spiritual health have significant and positive bivariate relationships with dimensions and overall level of professional ethics. According to the results of regression analysis, coaching philosophy (17.6%), rule orientation (16.8%), applying collective wisdom (14.8%), respect to values and norms (14.1%), humanistic relationship (13.3%), and interest to profession (11.6%) were explained by the dimensions of spiritual health, respectively. The dimensions of spiritual health explained totally 26.1% of the overall level of professional ethics variance in sport coaches. Finally, the results of structural equation modeling showed significant and positive multiple correlation among the dimensions of spiritual health and professional ethics. The findings of the study suggest that the level of professional ethics in sport coaches could be improved through increasing the spiritual health.

The Purpose of this study was to examine the “Over-Scheduling Hypothesis” in the sport context and determine the effect of sport-scheduling type on social and adaptive functioning in high school girls. In this descriptive-ex post facto research, 270 girl students (110 non-athletes, 97 recreational athletes, and 63 amateur athletes), completed the validated version of Child and Adolescent Social and Adaptive Functioning Scale and resulted data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and related follow-up tests at 95 percent confidence level. Based on the findings, the type of sport scheduling had a significant effect on academic performance, peer relationships, and home duties/self-care, but its effect on family relationships was not statistically significant. Follow up analysis showed that academic performance in amateur group is lower than recreational and non-athlete groups, but peer relationships in amateur group is higher than recreational and non-athlete groups and also peer relationships in recreational group is higher than non-athlete group. Home duties/self-care level in amateur group was higher than non-athlete group and all differences in other comparisons were not statistically significant. The results suggest that shifting participation from recreational to competitive sport, has positive effect on quality of social (peer relationships) and adaptive (home duties/self-care) functioning, but it may cause to an academic slump. The Findings support the over-scheduling hypothesis in terms of negative effect of increase in organized activities.

The purpose of this study was to determine the structural relationships of coaching efficacy, player's self-efficacy, and collective efficacy in female professional basketball teams. To this aim, 128 individuals (12 head coaches and 116 players) from members of female basketball professional teams were completed coaching efficacy scale, self-efficacy scale, and collective efficacy questionnaire for sport, and collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling at 95% confidence level. The results demonstrated that direct effects of coaching efficacy on players’ self-efficacy and collective efficacy are not statistically significant, and players’ self-efficacy has a direct and negative effect on collective efficacy. Based on the results, the conceptual model of coaching efficacy is not supported by collected data from female professional basketball teams. To revise and extend this conceptual model, the possibility of existence of mediating variables in relationship of coaching efficacy with team variables is discussed.