امین باقری

Mathematical and statistical simulators can significantly reduce the management costs of wastewater treatment systems. This research aimed to predict the effluent quality of an urban wastewater treatment plant in Tehran using machine learning algorithms from 2017 to 2021.

This descriptive-analytical study utilized monitoring data from the influent and effluent of the wastewater treatment plant, which were prepared for analysis. In the second stage, the data were refined, processed, and converted into dummy variables to facilitate entry into data mining algorithms. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm and the M5 tree model were then evaluated to identify the best model for predicting the concentration of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in the effluent. In this process, 70% of the data were allocated for training and 30% for validation using Python software. The best model was selected based on regression analysis, comparing the R² and RMSE indices.

The findings indicated that the ANN model, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.72, outperformed the M5 model, which had an R² of 0.68, in predicting the output COD concentration—an indicator of the treatment plant's efficiency. Additionally, regression analysis revealed that BOD₅ and TSS exhibited the highest correlation with CODout.

The results of the ANN and M5 models were within an acceptable range based on statistical indicators, demonstrating their potential for effectively estimating data in wastewater treatment plants.

 Assessing the status of pesticide residues in agricultural products is crucial for ensuring public health. This study aimed to investigate the concentration of pesticide residues in grapes and grape juice in Iran from 2000 to October 2022.

 Relevant studies were selected from 2000 to 2022 using Persian and English keywords in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, After reviewing 396 studies, 11 were selected. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used for meta-analysis. Due to the heterogeneity of the study data, a random effects model was employed. Ethical considerations were adhered to throughout the study.

 Results indicated that the mean concentrations of diazinon, ethion, chlorpyrifos, malathion, and oxydemeton methyl in grapes were 3, 4.4, 3.4, 2.5, and 518.5 times the maximum residue limit (MRL) for grapes, respectively. The mean concentrations of other pesticides were below their MRLs in grapes. For grape juice, the mean concentrations of all pesticides were below their MRLs.

 Considering that the mean concentration of five pesticides in grapes exceeded the permissible limits, it is recommended to take measures such as improving pesticide spraying methods and adhering to pre-harvest intervals to reduce pesticide residues and ensure the quality of grapes and its derivatives.

Wastewater treatment plants are systems that can contribute to the health of the industry and the environment provided that they function properly. Mathematical and statistical simulators coupled with various models can be used to alleviate the costs of monitoring and managing wastewater treatment systems.

This is a retrospective descriptive- analytical study. Considering the complexity of biological processes along with the advances in data processing methods, algorithms (ANN) and M5 model tree were used in this study in order to make a modelto estimate the effluent COD in the sanitary wastewater treatment plant of one of the country's refineries. ANN and M5 were developed through learning and testing stages based on daily data of five consecutive years (2015-2020). Various statistical indicators such as MSE and R were used to evaluate the models. Ethical considerations were observed in all stages of the study.

In the ANN model with 100 hidden layers, through the training step, the amount of MSE and R respectively decreased and increased, compared to the two modes of 10 and 30 hidden layers. This is why 100 layers were chosen for this model. Also, in the M5 tree model, R-SqOptimal = 0.6147 was calculated by selecting independent data as input, which is significant at the 0.05 level. In other words, with 95% confidence, the developed model is considered sufficiently logical for predicting CODout. The results showed that the ANN model outperformed M5 model tree for predicting effluent COD with a coefficient of determination equal to 0.90 and 0.61, respectively.

Both models have high robustness, reliability and generalizability. Therefore, ANN and M5 model tree data mining techniques can be successfully used for environmental decision-making and estimation of lost data in wastewater treatment plants.

Impingement jet is a fluid flow that hits a surface perpendicularly or at a specific angle for the purpose of cooling or heating. The rate of transfer processes in turbulent impingement flows is affected by the formation of coherent structures, the interaction between them and transfer of It's energy.By oscillating the incoming flow in the impinging jets, the formation of coherent structures can be affected, and as a result, the amount of heat removal is affected. In this study, the effect of pulsed impinging jet using step and sinusoidal functions The flow and temperature field of a dimpled surface has been investigated by numerical method. The key parameters in this study include the shape of the input function, the frequency and the amplitude of the oscillating jet. The results of this study have been validated using previous researches and then The effect of key parameters on the  formation of coherent structures and the amount of heat extraction have been discussed and analyzed. The results show that bypulsating the inlet flow, it is possible to change the recirculation zones and the vorticity field in the flow and overally The heat increases on the dimpled surface. Such results show that the flow patterns and Nusselt number are highly dependent on the parameters of the input function such as frequency and amplitude.

The goal of this study is to investigate how the development of technology has affected the industry (especially the mining industry). For this purpose, this paper examines the impact of intelligent mining machinery systems, including tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS), dispatching systems, and vehicle health monitoring systems (VHMS), on health, safety, and environmental parameters and preventative maintenance.

This study is descriptive-analytical research that was conducted between time intervals before and after employing the intelligent mining machinery systems. Initially, parameters were identified using the Delphi method. These parameters include human accidents, equipment accidents, environmental incidents, warnings and fines in the domains of health, safety, and the environment, tire usage parameters, the shelf life of the tire, oil overfill, fuel consumption, failure rate, mean time between failures, and preventive maintenance compliance schedules in the domain of preventative maintenance. The effectiveness of using these systems was then assessed by comparing the state of the specified parameters before and after the introduction of the intelligent mining machinery systems.

The findings of this research indicate that using intelligent mining machinery systems will decrease equipment accidents by 33.3%, extend the useful life of tires by 7.1%, reduce fuel consumption by 14.6%, cut the mean time required to repair by 25.5%, and enhance preventive maintenance compliance schedules by 5.7%.The findings showed the effectiveness of the use of intelligent systems of mining machines was obtained as follows: reduction of equipment accidents by 33.3%, increasing the useful life of tires by 7.1%, reducing fuel consumption by 14.6%, reducing the average downtime of the car for repair by 25.5% and increasing compliance with the maintenance program by 5.7%.

Utilizing intelligent mining machinery systems might have a positive impact on the safety of machines, reduce negative environmental effects like fuel consumption, and improve the maintenance of heavy machinery, which would lead to better mining conditions and lower costs.

 Today, organizations have come to the important conclusion that not paying seriou attention to HSE can increase the rate of accidents and occupational disease This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the HSE culture and its relationship with burnout among the medical staff of hospitals covered by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU).

 This descriptive analytical study was conducted cross-sectionally on 200 members of the treatment staff within SBMU Hospitals. Maslach burnout questionnaire and HSE culture questionnaire were used to collect data. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software. Ethical considerations were considered throughout all stages of the study.

 The findings of this research indicate that HSE culture has a significant correlation with burnout (P<0.05). There was moderate burnout among the treatment staff. It was also found that among the demographic characteristics, age, education level and work experience had a significant association with HSE culture (P<0.05), but they did not have a significant effect on burnout (P>0.05).

 The results of this research showed that the burnout and its components in the treatment staff were moderate, and as much as the level of HSE culture increases, the burnout decreases by the same amount. Therefore, planning to improve the level of HSE culture can help to reduce burnout.

Creation is based on knowledge and reaching the truth, and the explanation of the philosophy of creation without the concept of concept and knowledge will be incomplete. Meanwhile, the importance and place of communication, networking in the process of epistemology of the world of creation also has a different meaning. Because learning does not happen alone and by itself, but requires interaction and learning from a valuable and transcendent source. Therefore, in the present research, by using the documentary-analytical study in the existing sources and writings, an attempt is made to describe and explain the concept and place of learning networks in the promotion of pure and true knowledge and thought of the Islamic society. Because the Islamic society needs constructive, integrated and flexible communication networks that turn the whole society into a huge and dynamic school. The findings of the research showed that man should identify key and valuable scholars in line with his happiness and continuous growth and development and improve his knowledge through targeted, continuous and sustainable interactions. On the other hand, the Islamic society is also obliged to provide an active, dynamic and facilitating environment for citizens to interact and take advantage of extensive learning resources. In this regard, virtual and non-virtual social networks act as an opportunity and an optimal platform to enhance people's learning, and their negative functions are optimally managed.

 Heavy metals such as chromium are among the most common pollutants commonly found in high concentrations in industrial wastewater. They can damage aquatic environments and endanger the health of living organisms, especially humans. This study aims to determine the optimal removal of hexavalent chromium by magnetized activated carbon (AC / Fe3O4) from aqueous solutions.

 The structure and properties of AC/Fe3O4 were investigated by FESEM, FTIR, BET, and VSM techniques. The effect of solution pH parameter (3-11), initial concentration of hexavalent chromium (10-50) mg/L, and adsorbent dose (0.5-2) g/L on hexavalent chromium removal efficiency along with isotherm and kinetics studies was investigated. The concentration of hexavalent chromium was determined by direct reading at 540 nm with a spectrophotometer.

 The optimal conditions for maximum removal of hexavalent chromium at pH=3, contact time of 60 minutes, and adsorbent dose of 1.5 g/L were obtained with an initial concentration of hexavalent chromium of 30 mg/L. The isotherm and kinetics study showed that the experimental data followed the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetics.

 Under desirable conditions, the maximum capacity of AC/Fe3O4 adsorption increased to 21.14 mg/g. The present study illustrated that AC/Fe3O4 could be used as an adsorbent to remove chromium from aqueous solutions.

Based on the importance of sustainable development and its role in the country's development, organizations and industries have considered the challenges and concerns of health, safety and the environment beyond profitability and increased productivity and have considered social and environmental goals. But in practice, this task has been less realized. The HSE management system is an approach whose optimal and efficient deployment in industries is very important and is effective on the sustainable development of industries and the growth and development of any country. Therefore, in the importance of the interaction between the two, it can be said that solving HSE challenges requires changing the pattern of cultural, organizational and human performance, and managers should move in terms of knowledge, attitude and skills, in line with the realization of the HSE management system and, as a result, sustainable development. In order to achieve this goal, the current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of the HSE management system on sustainable development in the petrochemical industry of Sanandaj. Based on this, the approaches leading to the optimal conditions for establishing the HSE management system effective on sustainable development in petrochemicals were investigated.

The current research is a descriptive-applied study that has been conducted in two general parts (first, design and validation of evaluation tools, and second, checking the status and effectiveness) and seven stages, and emphasizes on the effectiveness of the HSE management system on sustainable development. A researcher-made questionnaire was designed to evaluate the status of the HSE management system (63 items) and sustainable development (59 items). For the validity of the questionnaire, the method of determining the content validity was used in two ways: CVR content validity ratio coefficient and CVI content validity index. These questionnaires were administered to 143 petrochemical managers and employees of Sanandaj Petrochemical. Then, the components and status of the HSE management system and the components and status of sustainable development in the petrochemical industry were determined, and the impact (increasing or decreasing) of the HSE management system on the status of sustainable development was investigated. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS software.

The status of the HSE management system in the components of commitment and leadership, policy and common goals, and implementation, recording and monitoring is appropriate, but the three components of organization, resources and documentation, risk assessment and management, and planning should be improved. The state of sustainable development in all three components of social development, economic development and environmental protection is not suitable and should be improved. In examining the impact (increasing or decreasing) of the HSE management system on the state of sustainable development, the findings showed that the HSE management system has the greatest impact on sustainable development in the dimensions of environmental development, economic development, and social development, respectively.

The results show that although the optimal establishment of all components of the HSE management system in petrochemical industries and its impact on sustainable development is vitally important, its establishment in large and small industries has not happened completely. This is the guarantee of their growth and development as well as sustainable development in nascent petrochemical industries, and its establishment conditions should be among the primary standards. In this matter, the knowledge, attitude and skills of the upstream managers of the petrochemical industry are very decisive.

Most of educational crises and issues are rooted in knowledge weaknesses of education. The knowledge of education is the outcome of graduate courses. Educational administration is a branch of educational science that has been so quantitative development in recent years. However, what is the contribution of educational administration to development of knowledge and solving educational problems. To answer this question, the method of case study had been used to investigate current status of graduate course of educational administration. Population is the PhD students and faculty members of educational administration major which sample of them were selected through purposeful sampling and participated in qualitative and semi-structured interviews. Research findings reveal that issues and challenges include apparent level elements such as accidental occupation and professional confusion as well as theoretical and intangible issues such as uncertain scope and places of educational administration. Comprehensive and strategic review of a multiple factors is required to refine existing situation of master course of educational administration. Thus, graduate courses should focus on educating students who are capable of understanding, analyzing, criticizing, designing, and recreating educational institutions and systems.

DWI is one of the useable sequences in MRI which currently being used in the assessment of vertebral column especially for malignant or benign causes. Considering that few studies have been performed regarding the use of DW sequences in spondylitis differentiating of disease with degenerative changes of vertebral yet; hence we intended to found the diagnostic value of DW sequence in spondylitis differentiating of infectious from degenerative changes of end plate type 1 with designing this study.

This study was carried out on patients who referred to the Pejvak MRI center with spondylitis lesions and osteochondrosis grade I, involving the vertebral column during 2012-2013; and to differentiate these lesions was used the T1, T2 and DWI sequences. Obtained results were analyzed by SPSSv16 statistical software.

In this study, in T1WI sequences the images of both groups was hyposignal and in T2WI sequences was hypersignal (p=0.01). In DW sequence with b value of 50, 400 and 800 (s/mm2) was observed that the signal changes in higher b value was apparent and in lower b value both detection had many similarities to each other due to the annoying effect of T2 Shine-through. As well as the mean of ADC map in spondylitisis images) 1.31 ± 0.24x 10-3 mm2/s (was less than osteochondrosis grade I with a mean ADC map (1.79 ± 0.24x 10-3 mm2/s) (P

The results of this study showed images with high b value could be having a good differentiation to distinguish the spondylitis from osteocondrosis.