امین رشید لمیر

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating and analyzing the role of social factors in the self-efficacy of physical education teachers. His research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the research included all physical education teachers of Razavi Khorasan province. The data needed to analyze the theoretical model were collected using four questionnaires of social intelligence of Mohammad (2021), social vitality of Hills and Argyle (2002), social trust of Safarinia and Sharif (2013) and teacher self-efficacy of Shannon-Moran and Woolfolk (2001). Cronbach's alpha method was used to calculate the reliability of the tool and structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the data. The structural equation model showed that social intelligence has an effective and positive role in social vitality, social trust and self-efficacy of physical education teachers. Also, the role of trust and social vitality on the self-efficacy of physical education teachers was positive and significant. In addition, social intelligence along with social vitality and social trust had a more positive and effective role on teachers' self-efficacy. Based on this, the education organization and especially the field of physical education and health can strengthen the self-efficacy of its physical education teachers by using social factors such as social intelligence, vitality and social trust. In other words, strategies for promoting and strengthening social intelligence along with strategies for increasing vitality and social confidence of physical education teachers should be taken into consideration to increase and improve their self-efficacy.

Iran-Japan Competition in Asian Nations Cup 2019. This match was selected for analysis due to the large number of television viewers, being in a particular time, the repeated failures in previous periods and the acceptable performance in the matches of this era. But the match ended with a 3-0 defeat for Iran.  The question was what strategies broadcasters used to report this event? And how did these strategies change after changing the outcome of the game?

This qualitative research was done with discourse analysis method. Analyzes were performed by using Van Dijk’s theoretical model (2004) in the framework of critical discourse analysis considering macro and micro levels

Analysis according to macro level of Van Dijk square represented that Emphasizing on the positive point about “self”. (representing Us positively (has the highest frequency among other properties. The frequency of macro and micro levels strategies also changes with the outcome of the game. Reporter also used micro strategies of “lexicalization”, “victimization” and “dramatization” and “consensus” in order to manage the minds of the audience.  

The ambition of the national TV has been to keep motivation and to overcome feeling failure and hopelessness and after an undesirable outcome, tries to modify and justify the situation.

The present study was designed and implemented with the aim of developing a framework for controlling and compensating for counterproductive behaviors in sports teams. The method of the present study was mixed. The tools used in this study were developed after the interview and reached theoretical saturation, which included 39 items and in the form of 7 components, in the form of five Likert options (very high, 5 points to very low, 1 point). In the first part (qualitative) for conducting field interviews, the statistical population of the study was prominent professors in the field of sports management specializing in organizational behavior and also some managers of sports boards in Golestan province who were purposefully selected for qualitative interviews on research. Were. In the second (quantitative) part, after collecting the information obtained from the qualitative research, a questionnaire was made and this questionnaire was distributed among the managers and employees of the sports delegations of Golestan province. The number of managers and employees of sports delegations in Golestan province was153, which according to Morgan's table, the sample number of 113people was identified as the research sample.The results of the present study showed that the framework for controlling and compensating for counterproductive behaviors in sports teams includes components such as planning, professional ethics, motivation, selection of manpower, proportionality of salaries and benefits, information technology and creativity and innovation at work. In other words, the implementation of these components can lead to the control and compensation of counterproductive behaviors in sports teams.

Despite the increasing public awareness of the consequences of inactivity, only a small percentage of the Iran's academic community supports university sports programs based on available evidence, so the purpose of this study was to investigate the institutional contextual factors of physical activity in Iranian universities. The research method was qualitative and exploratory. The statistical population of the study consisted of all experts, managers, and professionals dealing with the topic of sport for all and physical activity in universities and the subject of institutionalizing sport. According to thematic analysis method and interviewing for data collection, the sampling was done theoretically and using the judgment method until the theoretical saturation. Based on the results of the study, seven factors, environmental monitoring, media, education and research, family, cultural and social contexts, support and encouragement and legal factors were identified as the underlying factors that underpin the institutionalization of physical activity in Iranian universities. Therefore, it seems that the process of institutionalizing physical activity in Iranian universities can be strengthened by identifying the opportunities available in university sports and paying attention to the role of education and research along with reforming policies and structures of university sports.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of spirulina supplementation on oxidative stress markers (TAC and MDA) in the obese men after a resistance exercise session. In this study, 20 obese men were randomly divided into two groups of experimental (n = 10) and control (n = 10). The experimental group received 2 spirulina tablets (500 mg) daily for two weeks, and the control group received the same amount of placebo. After two weeks of the supplementation, the individuals from both groups participated in a resistance exercise session. Blood samples were collected in three steps; before supplementation, before, and 24 hours after resistance exercise. Results showed that the TAC and MDA concentration of the biomarker in the experimental group were respectively increased and decreased significantly in the control group over time (p ≤ 0.05). This study showed that the supplementation with Spirulina could increase the plasma antioxidant capacity which reduced the lipid peroxidation in obese men after the resistance exercise.

The prevalence of Covid-19 has played an important role in constructing of physical and social sports spaces and the nature of participation in sports has changed. This study was intended to analyze active levels of sport participation in Iran during the outbreak of Coronavirus. This was a qualitative study. Data were collected using interview and observation methods and analyzed by thematic analysis. “Regular participation”, “irregular participation” and “elite level participation” were extracted as three main themes from the classification of meaningful patterns of actors. Their main categories are " exercise simulation at home", " pretend consumption of exercise" and "social responsibility", respectively. Important data were also obtained from analysis the active levels of participation in sports (educational sports, recreational sport and sport for all, championship sports and professional sports). The main theme at the level of educational sport was "uncertainty”; sub themes include: “content distribution" "geographical gistribution ", “inherently passive “and “Marginal position “. At the level of recreational sport and sport for all the main theme was " evolution " with sub themes: "exercise in isolation", "eliminate of sports entertainment", "background limitations on participation" and "Change in access to education and training. Also at the level of championship and professional sports were “functional challenge" with sub themes: "show and self-expression”, “identity challenge", "advertising and sales”. The effects of this period on participatory levels in sports require in-depth analysis over a longer period of time. Although elimination of physical exercise spaces has led to a lot of sedentary in the short range, but it has provided opportunities for communication between levels of participation for review by sports researchers, which can contribute to more sustainable participation at the grassroots level.

Today sport sponsorship is an effective marketing tool for businesses, which is considered as a revenue-generating method for the sport industry. The aim of the current study was to identify those factors affecting the attraction of sponsors in championship sport in north Khorasan province. The method was exploratory mixed. In the first phase, 30 sport experts in the province underwent deep interviews by purposive and snowball method. Qualitative data theme was analyzed and 100 different codes were generated in 15 sub-themes and 3 main themes. For the quantitative phase, a questionnaire with 100 items was designed and validated by 7 sport experts in the province. In the quantitative phase, the statistical population consisted of all members of sporting boards, clubs, sponsor companies, athletes and professional coaches, sport management professors and heads of Sport and Youth offices of cities (N=143) who were selected as the sample by census sampling method. First order and second order of confirmatory factor analysis of data obtained from the questionnaire showed that the fit indices of the model of the factors affecting the attraction of sponsors had a high potential, and 65 items out of 100 primary items were confirmed according to the results. Three factors affecting the attraction of sport sponsors were prioritized as follows: internal factors (management, financial resources, human resources, marketing system, information system, supportive production or operation and research and development), micro external factors (customers, media, potential competitors and indirect competitors) and macro external factors (political, economic, social and technological).

The aim of this study was to identifying and prioritize Economic and managerial Barriers for Championship Sport in Zanjan Province. The study population included all board members, experts in sales, marketing and public relations in Zanjan industries and some sport experts (N=100). 87 questionnaires were returned correctly. Measuring tool was a questionnaire designed with 37 questions in four areas of economic, media, managerial, social and cultural barriers. This research focused on economic and managerial barriers. Results of Friedman test showed that in economic barriers, lack of tax exemptions benefits, lack of trust to investment and Lack of economical competition; and in managerial barriers, lack of comprehensive programs in Sponsorship, lack of expertise managers and lack of appropriate practices to develop sports fans are the most important economic and managerial barriers to the development of sport sponsorship in Zanjan. Due to the limited management resources, the policy-makers are recommended that consider the known priorities.

The aim of this study was to develop the strategic plan of national federation of Zoorkhaneh sports with mixed research method (a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods). The statistical population included previous and current board of directors in the federation, committee authorities, presidents of province boards, university professors and presidents of Zoorkhaneh associations in other organizations (N=70). The statistical sample was equal to the population and finally 58 questionnaires were returned correctly. An open questionnaire was used and the respondents were asked to list the vision, mission, values, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of national federation of Zoorkhaneh sports. Research strategic committee determined the importance coefficient and rank of each internal and external environment factor in the federation. When the strategic position of the federation was determined, 15 strategies were extracted and prioritized by adjunctive matrix. National federation of Zoorkhaneh sports was in SO strategic position. So strategies should be directed towards developing the activities of the federation. This issue was considered in the development of these strategies.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of team identification in fans’ loyalty of teams in Iran’s Football Premier League via structural equation modeling. The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study included all fans over 18 years old in the Premier League in 2016/17 season. 640 questionnaires were analyzed as statistical sample. Heer and et al (2011) questionnaire was used to measure team identification and Gladen and Funk (2001), and Iwasaki and Havitz (2004) questionnaires were used to measure attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty respectively. After confirming the face and content validity of questionnaires, confirmed the reliability of team identification and loyalty questionnaires via Cronbach’s alpha coefficient in a pilot study. To analyze data were used structural equation modeling. Structural equation model analysis showed that team identification had positive and significant effect on fans’ loyalty. So, it is recommended to sport managers, to consider the issues such as acknowledgments the fans and trust building in fans in order to create and enhance the fans’ loyalty.

Sport is considered as a social inclusion mechanism against social exclusion mechanisms. Socialization via sport has been a factor to internalize a sense of social belonging in endangered groups which is manifested in juvenile delinquency. Using data from interviews with 183 high school students of deprived urban regions, the role of sport in socially accepted beliefs and attitudes was investigated. Using regression analysis, those factors changing behavior with sport participation were analyzed and the effect of sport on the lower juvenile delinquency was positive. Although this study supported the effect of sport on decreased crimes, it warns against the optimistic conclusions of the effect of sport on tackling social problems.

To suceed in sport arena، provinces should have plans parallel with national sport plans. Khorasan Razavi province as one of the provinces that has played a vital role in Iran sport lacks a comprehensive plan in sport and sport activities are follwoed randomly. Therefore، this study aimed at developing the strategic plan of Sport and Youth Organization of Khorasan Razavi in sport and physical education section. The statistical population included high-ranking experts and authorities of sport in Khorasan Razavi (n=220). Census sampling method was used and finally 202 questionnaires were returned correctly. A combination of qualitative (open questionnaire and interview) and quantitative (rating and ranking) was used to collect and analyze the data. An open questionnaire was used in this study and respondents were asked to list the strenghts، weaknesses، opportunities and threats of this organization in sport section. After the research committee had determined the significance rate and rank of each mentioned factor، determined the strategic position of the organization and matche internal and external factors، 12 strategies were elicited and broken into action plans. Also، vision، mission، key values and qualitative goals were determined. Sport and Youth Organization of Khorasan Razavi was in SO strategic position so strategies should be directed towards developing activities. This finding was considered.