فهرست مطالب بهرام صالح صدقپور

The visual values of vernacular landscapes are one of the most important and influential factors that determine the presence and continuity of residence in rural areas. However, many of the vernacular landscapes of Iran's foothill villages are in an unorganized state owing to interventions and the lack of proper management mechanisms. To manage the process of development and protection of this valuable heritage, it is essential to theoretically develop parameters affecting vernacular landscapes. The present study is exploratory in nature and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study included 576 residents of the studied villages. They were surveyed in a random network. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and they were analyzed through exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation and regression analysis. The research results showed; 98.1% of physical appearance changes by 14 visual organizing factors including: quality of the path and roads, visual comfort, materials and topography, environmental elements and natural landscape, decorations, renovation of buildings, attractiveness, permeability, vernacular construction pattern, lighting, and spatial flexibility, privacy and zoning, physical elements, building structure and legibility have been explained that the factors of visual comfort and the quality of roads and paths have the greatest impact in improving the physical appearance of the studied villages with an impact factor of 0.203 and 0.181.

Children spend about 25% of their time in the educational open spaces, as the outdoor space for preschool children (3-6 years) can influence mental ,physical, artistic and educational needs, which all have interconnections with creativity growth. Considering the neglect of landscape design, researchers shall pay attention to the principled design of this important space in order to promote children's creativity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to improve the quality of open space educational environments in order to strengthen the role of these spaces in the growth of children's creativity. Based on the literature review, the influential factors on creativity were identified and categorized. an open-ended test (with a qualitative method) conducted to gather the attitude of architects and specialists in psychology and educational sciences who are experts in the field of children's creativity, aiming to optimize open educational spaces in and develop the creativity of children aged 3-6years. The results studied descriptively by content analysis method. Relying on the findings of the open-ended test and literature review, a closed-ended questionnaire was published between the kindergarten and preschool community of Tehran. Then, by performing exploratory factor analysis using spss-26 software on the results of the questionnaires, 6factors were introduced: "inviting the environment to participation and experience, psychological well-being, stimulating natural elements of the environment, diversity of performance, environmental vitality and environmental motivation". The details of the above factors, given the questions that each factor poses, can lead to a list of principles of open space design for children that can be the subject of future research. The use of gender as a controlling factor can introduce subject for future studies.

This study was conducted to identify the opportunities and threats posed by the Internet and its effects on the psychological well-being of online children and adolescents. This qualitative research had a synthesis design based on Roberts’ six-step research synthesis model. The statistical population of the study was comprised of all national and international research and scientific articles related to the research topic in the period of 2000-2021. 250 of such sources which were collected from various databases were reviewed and analyzed based on the research input criteria. The results of the study revealed that online children and adolescents have opportunities such as socialization and communication with others, self-expression and identity formation, learning and development of creativity, personal growth and self-acceptance and threats such as anxiety and depression, sleep disorder, low self-esteem, social isolation, lack of self-acceptance, Internet addiction, academic failure, cyberbullying, suicide and sexual abuse, each of which can affect their psychological well-being.

In proportion to the expansion of various skills in life, learning and education of any society needs quantitative and qualitative improvement. The rapid development of technology has caused a change in the way of learning, and in order to increase learning and acquire knowledge, different methods of teaching and training are used to improve people's knowledge, among these methods is the use of standard concept maps. In the current research, the use of the concept map teaching method compiled with the network process analysis method and the lecture method on the students' learning skills in the topic of chemical atom structure was investigated.

The present study was a mixed-methods (exploratory-explanatory) research and was conducted in two steps. The first step was done with a qualitative research method of the Delphi type. The statistical population consisted of experts and professors in chemistry education in 2020-2021, and 30 individuals were selected using purposive sampling. The tools used in this step were semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made pairwise comparison questionnaire.The data were analyzed using the network process analysis method (a multicriteria decision-making method) and the Super Decisions software.In the second step, a quasi-experimental quantitative research method was used with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up plan with two groups (one experimental group and one control group).The statistical population consisted of all eighth-grade high school students in the academic year 2021-2022. A sample of 30 students was selected using convenience sampling and divided into two groups of 15. The experimental group received education using concept maps developed based on ANP, and the control group was taught using the lecture method. The data collection tool was a learning skills questionnaire, and to assess the validity of the tool, the opinions of experts and professors were used. The reliability of the research tool was calculated to be 0.96 using the test-retest method, and the data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis and SPSS (24.00) software.

The findings of the first step showed that mathematics layers with a weighted average of 0.652, physics 0.235, and chemistry 0.113 had the greatest impact, respectively, and the highest and lowest weighted averages in the physics layer were the concept of matter and the concept of electron movement in Certain circuits (Bohr) was 0.011. In the mathematical layer, the concept of main numbers and its four main operations was 0.291, and the concept of sine waves and wave concept was 0.014. In the chemistry layer, the concept of subatomic particles was 0.407 and the concept of using electron arrangement was 0.010. And the results of the statistical analysis in the second step, for hypotheses at a significant level (0.05), indicated a significant and more stable effect of training with the concept map method on learning skills.

Considering the greater impact of education with the standard concept map method and the importance of prerequisites, it is possible to rank educational concepts using the network process analysis method and use it in teaching and learning. Also, the standard conceptual map can be considered as a suitable tool and approach to achieve learning.

A place-based and destructive phenomenon, earthquakes lead to stressful experiences of variouskinds, and a wide range of traumatic consequences for survivors, accompanied by profound changes in the cognitive network and emotional bonds to the concept of house as a safe haven. The long-term impacts of such experiences and perceptions appear in the survivor-home relationships and survivors' recovery. Using the Grounded Theory and based on the long-term lived experiences of the 2003 Bam earthquake survivors in reconstructed houses, the present study investigates survivor-home relationships. The aim is to extract the categories that mitigatetraumatic consequences of an earthquake and promote healing. Based on the findings of 23 in-depth and semi-structured interviews by purposive sampling method and the findings in focus groups of three to five participants, 370 open codes (concepts), 91 main concepts and seven sub-categories in axial coding, and 10 main categories in selective coding were identified. According to the findings, the experience of earthquakesathome causes fears of being trapped in closed and small spaces, of being in spaces with high ceilings and of being in upper floors. The reassurance of the safety of reconstructed houseswere sought in features that support vulnerability mitigation measures and protective behaviour, such as ensuring the possibility of evacuation due to openness and legibility of living spaces, trust in structural safety and construction technology and avoiding vulnerable materials, techniques and features of pre-earthquake houses.Furthermore, the effective housing reconstruction accelerating and restoring the community's dignity were found effective in healing and recovery.On the other hand, the concepts of place attachment and satisfaction were found to be interventive in facilitating this process.According to the results, the nature of the earthquake and the following experiences at home, leads to the formation of collective cognitive-behavioural mentalities in the living environment, and this in turn helps achieving a betterunderstandingof collective healing.

Based on the principle of unity and levels of existence, all possible entities have descended and occurred Stage by stage from the position of divine essence. During these stages, every creature has passed a journey from the world of meaning to the world of form and matter, and it is a emanation of a degree of the truth of meaning (based on the attribute of Qadr). Man's artifacts should also manifest the truth of meaning Relatively, and Liberate man from formal veils and guide him to the pure source of meaning. In this regard, it is up to man to prepare the Context for this task by Recognizing the truth of the meaning and the process of its descent. Therefore, this research tries to understand the structure of human processes (Salaam theory), examine the possibility of synchronizing it with the process of descent of meaning and help to further manifest of this spiritual source. For this reason, At first it is tried to explain the theoretical framework of the research with an interpretative-analytical approach, which is the process of the descent of meaning by divine action in the creatures, then by explaining the theory of “Salaam” and using the method of logical reasoning, an effort is made to adapt and create a basis for modeling the divine action by humans, and then, during the examination of this adaptation, it will be summarized in a case study. At the end, it is concluded that in order to manifest the truth of meaning in human artifacts, there should be a certain amount of " Asma al-fe’l " based on four Types of releations; Marriage, confrontation, difference and cooperation, which should be identified by professional ijtihad and used in the creation of artifacts

In today's fast-paced urban lifestyle, individuals are increasingly exposed to heightened stress. Stress can give rise to a multitude of physical and mental health issues. The presence of green spaces within urban environments significantly impacts residents' overall quality of life. Beyond environmental advantages, green spaces offer citizens substantial health benefits, particularly in reducing stress and alleviating mental strain. This research pursues a practical objective and adopts an exploratory and descriptive-analytical approach. The primary aim of this study is to investigate various factors contributing to stress reduction in small-scale district parks. The research instrument employed is a 45-item questionnaire structured in accordance with the content objective table derived from theoretical and documentary research. Factor analysis was utilized to validate the data, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was computed. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test results indicated the sample size's adequacy, while Bartlett's Test of Sphericity affirmed that the data could be subjected to factor analysis. Employing the principal component analysis extraction method, an exploratory factor analysis revealed eight distinct factors as sociability, participation, readability, responsiveness, sense of belonging, attractiveness, variety, and security. Notably, the sociability factor explained more than 12% of the factors influencing park stress reduction. Landscape designers should consider these factors, and urban open space decision-makers should evaluate them in their plans, ultimately equipping cities with landscapes that play a more substantial role in mitigating the stress experienced by their inhabitants. Future studies should explore the intricate connections between these factors, paving the way for the creation of urban landscapes with greater role in improving the quality of life

The global population has been experiencing rapid growth, especially in developing countries, leading to an increased disconnect from natural environments. The fast-paced urban lifestyle has contributed to elevated stress levels, which can result in various physical and mental health ailments. Air pollution, noise, and a lack of restorative environments are more profound in cities than rural areas. This condition leads to stress symptoms in a significant portion of urban populations. Because urbanization is predicted to double over the next 30 years, stress will most probably increase in city dwellers.
Urban greenery is crucial in enhancing the overall quality of life, contributing to improved city climates, and offering spaces for social activities and leisure. In addition to their environmental benefits, green spaces provide substantial health advantages, such as stress reduction, and offer opportunities for daily interaction with nature. Studies have demonstrated that when people are psychologically stressed or fatigued, they recover faster in natural areas than in urban environments. Although consensus exists about the positive health benefits of urban green spaces, more knowledge is needed about the mechanisms behind why and how green spaces reduce stress. The present study focuses on small urban public parks, specifically on how they should be designed to promote a potential for psychological restoration. This study aims to identify the key factors responsible for reducing stress in small-scale urban parks, which have been established by transforming underused and abandoned site parks to meet the growing demand for green and recreational spaces in response to urbanization.

This research has a practical objective and employs an exploratory and descriptive-analytical approach. The primary research tool is a 45-item questionnaire based on a content objective table derived from theoretical and document studies. The study's sample comprises students from Shahid Beheshti University and Shahid Rajaee Tarbiat University who frequent small local parks around their campuses, including Negin Park, Golrizan Park, Golestan 1 Park, and Shabanlu Park in Tehran's Districts 1 and 4. The study's sample size encompasses 210 participants, and data collection was facilitated through the distribution of online surveys via social networks. Data validation was performed through factor analysis, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was computed.

The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test affirmed the adequacy of the sample size (KMO=0.814), and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity indicated that the data was suitable for factor analysis. After rotation, the data analysis revealed 13 significant factors contributing to stress reduction in small urban parks, accounting for approximately 70.10% of the overall variance. Following Varimax rotation, eight primary factors were identified. Sociability, with an eigenvalue of 5.569 and a variance percentage of 12.376, emerged as the most influential component in stress reduction. Sociability denotes versatile spaces that support multiple daily activities and social interactions. The second factor, participation, characterized by a specific value of 2.861 and a variance percentage of 6.357, reflects people's engagement in park spaces and their environmental impact. The third factor, readability, displayed a variance percentage of 5.773 and a specific value of 2.647, encompassing physical environmental qualities and human perception. The fourth factor, environmental responsiveness, with a variance percentage of 5.709 and an eigenvalue of 2.569, provides settings to meet physiological and psychological needs. The fifth factor, sense of belonging, with a variance percentage of 4.838 and a specific value of 2.177, highlights the relationship between humans and their environment, influenced by physical attributes and social activities. Attractiveness, diversity, and security had variance percentages of 4.827, 4.255, and 4.219, with specific values of 2.172, 1.915, and 1.899, respectively. These factors encompass spatial appeal, variation, and safety, all contributing to an enhanced quality of life in urban areas. The spatial structure and elements, such as adequate nighttime lighting, readability, and sociability, can foster a sense of security and stress reduction.

Urban parks have many functions and benefits. These functions and benefits are essential for improving life quality in urban areas. With the ongoing growth of urbanization and the resulting rise in stress levels, it is crucial to address the factors that alleviate stress in urban parks, especially small-scale ones. This study has identified the principal elements contributing to stress reduction in small parks, providing valuable insights for landscape architects and designers to enhance the effectiveness of green open spaces in mitigating stress. The research findings, including factors like readability and attractiveness, are consistent with those of other researchers like Kaplan. Future studies should explore the intricate connections between these factors in greater depth, paving the way for creating urban landscapes with a more pronounced role in stress reduction and improved quality of life.

The present article examines and identifies the dimensions of teaching in the subject of subatomic particles in the chemistry book, 10th grade, based on the pedagogical content knowledge model (PCK) of Magnuson, Krajcic and Burko (1999). In this research, two components "Knowledge of educational strategies" and "Knowledge of students' understanding of science" were selected and investigated. The research approach of this study based on mixed-methods sequential exploratory design is carried out using Delphi method in three rounds. The group of research participants is consisted of 33 chemistry teachers selected through “theoretical sampling” and then “Snowball sampling”. The first step involved semi-structured interview (round 1) and the acquired results of interview analyzed by “Open Coding” and “Axial Coding”. In the second round, a closed-answer questionnaire was designed according to the results obtained from the first round’s coding. Then the designed is provided for experts and the answers were investigated by means of Q factor analysis. In the third round, with the elimination of redundant questions, the edited questionnaire was assigned to the experts for the second time. Finally using the Q factor analysis, the following 8 dimensions were achieved: “Image symbolization"; "Learning activities"; "Practice of mathematical skills"; "Interactive-expository strategies of teaching"; "The origin of misunderstandings"; "Misunderstandings of the nature & stability"; "Resolving misunderstandings " and "prerequisites".

The "in-between space" in residential environments is placed between the street and residential units. This arena has a mediating role and creates a connection between different arenas, including the private arena and the public arena. The "in-between space" is known as a platform for the formation of meetings, encounters, and interactions between neighbors, but nowadays in most residential environments, this area has been removed or is not of much attention in terms of quality. "in-between space" is the first place that residents encounter after leaving the private territory inside their home; It is a suitable platform for the formation of sweet collective memories; memories that have been directly experienced by people or they have gained knowledge about it in various ways, such as memories of national ceremonies and "Nowruz Eid", religious ceremonies and Muharram mourning, family and friends birthday celebrations, memories related to the current affairs of life, etc. Memories that are the introduction of place identity, In a residential environment where the necessary grounds for social communication are provided, more collective memories are formed and in this way, the probability of human attachment to that environment increases. therefore, identifying the architectural components in these areas is necessary to form sweet collective memories to improve the quality of "in-between space" in residential environments. This research aims to answer this main question: in the "in-between space" of residential environments, what are the effective architectural components in the formation of sweet collective memories? The research method is qualitative research. They studied community as specialists in the fields of architecture and urban planning, housing, and environmental psychology. The sampling method is a combination of theoretical sampling with an available sample approach and snowball sampling. In this research, architectural components for the formation of sweet collective memories were obtained according to the opinions of academic experts after an open-ended questionnaire with experts through contextual theory and open and axial coding techniques. The results of this research indicate that in the "in-between space" of residential environments, Sweet collective memories are formed through the presence in the place, sociability, the possibility of events, and imagery, although these components are necessary for the formation of collective memories, they are not sufficient. Every presence or every social interaction or every event or every image does not cause the formation of collective memories, and for each of these components, the micro-components affecting the formation of collective memories should be known. This research concludes that for the formation of collective memory through the presence of 3 micro-components of functional efficiency, flexibility, and naturalism, it is necessary; Also, for the formation of collective memory through the sociability of 3 micro-components of scalability, marking to create distinction for behavioral domains, adaptability of space and furniture; For the formation of collective memory through the event ability of 3 micro-components of spatial integration, diversity of behavioral locations, physical-structural hierarchy, and  for the formation of collective memory through the visualization of 3 micro-components of sensory richness, the familiarity of form, the visual quality is necessary.

Place identity is the symbolic-emotional aspect of belonging to a place, often associated with positive emotions. It reflects an individual’s emotional attachment to a place where they perceive it as integral to their identity. Studies related to place identity include different scales of human habitation from house to neighborhood and city. Among these, living in a house holds significant influence over human identity. The emotional connection fostered by the house can shape an individual’s sense of place identity. Since the provision of human ideals in various fields arouses positive emotions, paying attention to the ideals of place can also be considered as the basis for creating an emotional attachment. As the house represents a significant place, its essential components can be analyzed to understand the factors influencing place identity. Thus, this study aims to identify and explore the components that contribute to place identity within the context of the house. By viewing the house space as a “place” and recognizing the importance of emotional attachment, the research seeks to explain how each component influences an individual’s sense of place identity.

In this study, in order to investigate the effective components of place identity, based on the basic concepts and by reviewing the literature, a theoretical model has been developed and analyzed during various stages. So, in the first step, a measurement scale was developed to measure the hypothetical model, and its validity and reliability were evaluated using data from a cross-sectional survey, alongside confirmatory factor analysis. The participants of the research are residents of different residential of Ardabil urban fabric, including old fabrics (historical areas), newly built settlements and peripheral regions. Subsequently, the relationships proposed in the hypothetical model were examined through structural factor analysis to assess the model’s fit. In the final stage of the experimental process, the final structural model was formulated by eliminating non-significant relationships. The model’s fit indices were then evaluated, and the factors influencing place identity, along with their mode of influence, were determined based on the finalized model”.

In the final structural model, all relationships were found to be significant, with the chi-square ratio (78.011) to its degree of freedom (45) equating to 1.734. Additionally, the fit indices indicated a good fit for the model, with RMSEA at 0.050, GFI at 0.959, AGFI at 0.959, CFI at 0.982, NFI at 0.958, TLI at 0.973, and SRMR at 0.0489. These results collectively suggest the model’s suitability. Furthermore, the model explained 24% of the variance in place identity, with significant proportions of variance explained for various aspects of house conformity with ideals, including beauty (46%), facilities (41%), social status (39%), family relationships (38%), beliefs and values (29%), and spaciousness (12%). Also, according to the findings, “compliance with ideals in terms of family relationships” and “compliance with ideals in terms of social status” have direct and positive effects on the level of “place identity” respectively. The biggest indirect effect on the level of “place identity” are caused by the “compliance with ideals in terms of facilities”, and the “conformity to ideals in terms of Spaciousness” respectively. Also, the greatest effect on the level of “place identity” was attributed to the “compliance with ideals in terms of family relationships”, which was significantly influenced by the “compliance with ideals in terms of facilities” and through that, by “compliance with ideals in terms of spaciousness.

In conclusion, the analysis suggests that alignment between residents’ ideals and various aspects of the house’s physical structure, activities, and concepts (substantive components of the house) significantly impacts their place identity. Achieving satisfactory family relationships and favorable social status emerged as particularly influential factors. Improving these factors requires meeting residents’ ideals in terms of facilities, thereby enhancing functional satisfaction, which, in turn, is dependent on the house’s conformity with ideals regarding spaciousness”.

Aggressive behavior in various forms is one of society’s major and fundamental problems. The importance of this issue at the global level has led to proposals and solutions to reduce aggression. Environmental experts believe that the environment with its components can significantly impact mental health, behavioral stress, the sense of belonging to space, and the amount of social interactions of users. The onset of aggressive behavior in childhood will lead to serious social harm and threats in the future. Aggressive behavior is very concerning. Aggressive children are harmed in their relationships with family, peers, and teachers, and this behavior will affect their academic performance, concentration, and learning. For this reason, the identification of factors affecting this behavior has been the focus of mental health researchers and should be considered by the educational system. Thus, school is the most effective environment in which students, along with their friends and peers, can imitate aggressive behavior or they can behave relatively calmly and logically. The main purpose of this research to reduce such behaviors of students in schools is to achieve a model of optimal causal relationships between effective environmental components.

The research method is based on a survey to evaluate the environmental components that are affecting the reduction of aggressive behavior, which was extracted from the framework of theoretical foundations. A questionnaire was prepared and distributed among 317 male high school students. Data analysis is a method of factor analysis in which the relationship between environmental components is explained, and the final research model is drawn from Emus software. Also, causal relationships of the model are evaluated using path analysis.

In the findings of the research, the relationship model between the seven main factors of environmental components and students' aggression in schools has been drawn. These factors include the effect of a stress-free environment in establishing a sense of empathy among students, the effect of diversity in increasing spatial attractiveness, the effect of readability and accessibility on improving students' mental peace, the effect of naturalism on the formation of a fresh environment, the effect of privacy on increasing environmental security, and the effect of flexibility of environmental elements. In improving the performance and finally, the effect of furniture and diverse arrangement is on setting the activity of the environment. In the final model, three cycles of naturalistic factors impact the environment without stress. The first cycle, which expresses the role of nature along with the readability and flexibility of space, will lead to the movement of the second cycle with the addition of the diversity factor and then the third cycle with the activity factor.

The results indicate that the cycle of naturalism with the mediation of diversity at 39.8% and activity at 40.2% has led to the formation of a stress-free environment. Also, the spatial readability factor with 65.4%, and the environmental security factor with 50.2% were identified as the most effective factors in the model, and the final model was influenced by these two factors.

The concept of the neighborhood has undergone many transformations during the last two centuries, and from an unplanned phenomenon, which was often based on an organic order and the results of several thousand years of human trial and error and a physical manifestation of a coherent social structure, to a ; It was transformed by patterns imposed by urban planners and designers. In the presentation of these models, due to the exclusive and non-comprehensive view of their creators, only one or more limited components have been paid attention to, regardless of contextual differences. This limited view has brought a range of problems to urban life. This research aims to provide a platform for presenting the model of a neighborhood (desirable neighborhood from the perspective of Islam) by comprehensively identifying the constructive dimensions of the neighborhood concept. In this regard, firstly, with an interpretative-analytical approach, the concept of neighborhood and its transformation during the past two centuries are discussed. Then, by using the method of logical reasoning, while examining the criteria mentioned by theorists for the desirability of the neighborhood, the dimensions involved in presenting a neighborhood model are identified. In the following, in order to lay the groundwork for the realization of the desirable neighborhood model from the perspective of Islam, these components will be identified through open and semi-structured interviews with experts in this field. After reaching theoretical saturation; Coding and structuring are done on the interviews and finally, conceptual strategies under 8 dimensions (morphological, social, functional, visual, perceptual, environmental, economic and temporal) are extracted and presented, which can The basis for the realization of this concept in the vast geography of the Islamic world and based on the background conditions in each place.

Extended Abstract The problem of stress is one of the most significant research subjects in this century. Schools play an essential role in shaping the quality of life and enhancing the mental well-being of teenagers. The school environment is a crucial aspect of adolescents’ quality of life, particularly in relation to their health. Research indicates that adolescents who share a positive bond with their school environment (even if their familial relationships are less favorable) tend to experience lower rates of behavioral and psychological disorders, including stress. Psychologists consider the architecture and physical layout of a school as dynamic elements that significantly impact the quality of educational experiences for students. Furthermore, the middle school years coincide with a period of growth-related challenges, characterized by heightened stress levels and increased susceptibility to psychological, social, and biological pressures, along with a reduced capacity to cope with these challenges. Therefore, investigating and identifying students’ stress in this course is of particular importance. The primary objective of the current research is to improve the quality of educational spaces (secondary schools corresponding to high school education in the previous educational system), by identifying physical and environmental variables effective in reducing students’ stress. Therefore, the main question of this research is what are the physical and environmental factors that reduce the students’ stress in educational spaces? The target group in this research is the female students aged between 15-17 years.  A hybrid research method (qualitative-quantitative) was used due to the exploratory nature of the research topic. Three steps were followed in the research process. The first step is to the bibliographic review; the second step is to select the top concepts; and the third step is to use the Delphi method. The purpose of the first step is to collect the list of criteria and concepts related to stress, and lack of student adaptability to the environment, which can affect the educational spaces. Related internet searches that focused on qualitative research were utilized (descriptive-analytical and logical reasoning) to achieve this goal. It was important to select and categorize the criteria and concepts collected from the literature review in the second step. The content analysis method was used in this stage. The aim of this research is to categorize the physical concepts and criteria found in the literature based on their importance. However, as the investigation of the topic’s background revealed a lack of such categorization, the Delphi method was employed to gather expert opinions. To ensure an adequate level of precision, the Delphi process was conducted through three successive rounds. In the first round, an open-ended interview was conducted with experts. In the second round, open coding was done with the answers. In the third round, surveys and continuums were formed through axial coding of both ends of the spectrum of components, and a special title was considered for each continuum. After that, the results were converted into a questionnaire through the content objective table and completed in two stages. Based on the experts’ questionnaire results, the Q factor was analyzed. This approach relies on categorizing individuals based on their interrelationships rather than focusing on variables. In fact, each factor includes a set of experts who have common thoughts on the subject. The data variance suggests that among the nineteen individuals surveyed, six distinct factors can be discerned. The combined cumulative percentage for these six factors stands at 76.8%, signifying that approximately 76% of the participants shared common perspectives, while the remaining 24% held individual viewpoints. This divergence in opinions could be attributed to personal awareness, inclinations, and individual preferences. It implies that there exists an external reality that managed to resonate with 76% of the experts’ minds, influencing the formation of shared ideas. The research results indicate that students’ stress can increase or decrease under the influence of the environment. The qualities of the environment can influence whether an individual adapts to it or not. Experts consider the shaping of the classroom space, the existence of places for group sitting and rest, the existence of places for conversation, and the existence of places for doing group work in the social dimension category. The experts also consider security (type and materials of stairs, etc.), the flexibility of spatial layouts, solitude, territory, suitable perspective, depth, level of visibility, control over climate, level of light, having a view from inside the classroom to the corridor, openness, and the space around the building in the environmental security category. Furthermore, they consider adequate space, having a view from the classroom to the green space, the amount of vegetation in the educational space, the brightness of all spaces, the shape and form of the classroom, the health status of the school, the complexity and non-mystery of the space, the appropriate density of spatial patterns, the proper orientation, privacy, and color in the physical comfort category. The experts also classified sound pollution (noise), crowding, temperature (heat and cold), ventilation, humidity, unpleasant smells, and light in the environmental comfort category. They recognized clarity and comprehensibility of forms, elements, parts and components of the building, predictability of the environment, no sudden change in size, color and texture, type of floor coverings, and use of appropriate and suitable signs in the architectural category. Finally, the experts categorized the feeling of being comfortable, like being at home, having a sense of belonging to the space, crowding in the educational space, creating a sense of solitude and territory, and having a sense of place as the psychological dimension of the environment.

Considering the importance of stress management, which is a pivotal component of emotional intelligence (EQ), the present century has underscored the profound impact it holds on the well-being and psychological health of children. Children, being the most vulnerable demographic in society, necessitate exposure to social interactions during their formative years, a period critical for their mental, physical, and social development. This underscores the need for an environment conducive to children's expression of novel thoughts and abilities. With a substantial portion of their formative years spent at educational institutions, the undeniable influence of environmental factors on their stress levels becomes evident. Consequently, this study aims to identify the most potent environmental determinants that enhance emotional intelligence and stress management skills in children, thereby mitigating stress and enhancing their comfort levels within elementary schools.

The methodology employed in this research encompasses a Delphi survey. Following a thorough review of literature and documentary sources, a researcher-designed questionnaire was formulated. This questionnaire delves into the environmental elements impacting the emotional intelligence and stress management of children attending elementary schools. The target population comprises experts and faculty members specializing in architecture and psychology within universities across Iran. Employing the snowball sampling technique, participants were selected, resulting in a sample size of 24 experts after reaching theoretical saturation. Subsequently, utilizing open and axial coding techniques and establishing a goal-content table, a researcher-developed 52-item questionnaire was completed by the experts. Finally, the outcomes were extrapolated through Q-factor analysis, exploring the interplay between the identified components and research variables.

The article presents data analysis encompassing descriptive and inferential statistics. The initial focus is on descriptive findings, including characteristics such as age, gender, field of study, and educational level of the respondents. In the section pertaining to inferential findings, the data collected underwent analysis using the Q factor analysis method facilitated by SPSS software. In pursuit of attaining the intended factor arrangement through varimax factor rotation, the loadings of factors with a more uniform distribution were extracted and regarded as the principal components. Outcomes derived from the Delphi technique identify six core components influencing children's emotional intelligence and stress management: a child-centered environment, a secure and safe environment, a flexible environment, an attractive and exciting environment, a predictable and legible environment, and a sensory-stimulating environment. 

The findings illuminate that, as perceived by experts, a child-centered environment, a secure and safe environment, a flexible environment, an attractive and exciting environment, a predictable and legible environment, and a sensory-stimulating environment collectively contribute to enhancing children's emotional intelligence and stress management capabilities. These mechanisms encompass resilience, a sense of security, adaptability, attractiveness, predictability, and sensory stimulation, respectively. Taking these factors into consideration, it is possible to create an educational environment in which children can address their emotional and social needs and unleash their inherent capacity for growth.

One of the dynamics of cities is the residential mobility of families within the city. These movements, which occur for a variety of reasons, sometimes cause problems in the destination or origin neighborhood. The purpose of this study is to find the reasons for the relocation of residents from the center of Tehran, from the perspective of the residents in those areas and provide a solution to prevent them from leaving. This research is a survey and uses field study. The statistical population includes the residents of the neighborhoods around Tehran Bazaar selected through multi-stage clustering method. The statistical tool used in this research is factor R analysis and the required data has been collected through library studies and interviews with experts. After analyzing the questions, 5 questions were removed and finally the modified questionnaire was distributed among 203 residents. After rotating the data with the help of factor R analysis tool, 12 factors were identified. After removing the factors with less than three questions, 7 factors were finally identified. The results showed that "insecurity and social problems", "formation of the pyramid of urban spatial status", "physical problems and texture wear and tear", and "lack of tissue responsiveness to new needs" were the most important factors affecting the mobility of families and "creating a new mental image of texture in the citizens’ minds".

Population changes in the country and increasing migration to cities in the last few decades have resulted in the development of cities in the countryside and caused irreparable environmental damage. On the other hand, the migration of inhabitants from the historic city centers has led to numerous difficulties in these neighborhoods. Due to old residents' exodus, low-income groups were replaced and land use changed to warehouses and workshops. Conducting population and capital to uninhabited central areas could result in using the potential of city centers to settle the different categories of society.This study has been done to answer the following questions: Why residents of historic city centers have migrated from the neighborhood and what strategies can prevent them from leaving and attracting different categories of society to these places. 

The study is based on qualitative, quantitative, and Delphi surveys. The required data were collected through library studies, interviews with experts, and two Delphi survey phases. Using the document content analysis, open coding and axial coding, and Q factor analysis were analyzed.Thus, after extracting the key concepts of the interviews and forming a goal-content table, the questions of the questionnaire were designed for survey Delphi and distributed among the second group of experts in two stages. Q factor analysis is a powerful tool for understanding the values, tastes, concerns, and typologies of individual perspectives. In this analysis, respondents are categorized instead of responses. After library studies in the field of research, the Delphi method was used to expand the subject beyond what is available in the subject literature. The theoretical sampling method was used to select the specialists for the first person and the snowball sampling method was used to select the other individuals. Fifteen experts participated in the interview section and 20 experts participated in the survey section of the questionnaire for factor Q analysis. The interviews continued until the theoretical saturation and knowledge network were completed. The first three interviews were unstructured and the rest were semi-structured. The number of interviewees was confirmed according to the KMO test in the next steps.After extracting the key concepts of interviews and forming the target-content table, questions of the questionnaire were designed to survey the Delphi and distributed among the second group of experts in two stages. The questions were designed in the form of a Likert scale from zero to 9.  The results of the questionnaire were analyzed using the Q factor analysis method.Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for measuring the reliability of the questionnaire. Since this number is equal to 0.97, it can be said that the questions have good reliability. Also, the Test-Retest method was used to check the validity of the questionnaire. Thus, by repeating the test in similar people, the same results were obtained.

Total Variance Explained shows that out of 20 specialists, 7 factors have been identified. The highest variance explained is related to the first factor of 15.6. The second factor is 12.7, the third factor is 9.6, the fourth factor is 9.5, the fifth factor is 8.4, the sixth factor is 6.7 and the seventh factor is 6.4. The cumulative percentage of total factors is 69.2, which indicates that about 69.2 respondents' opinion was common. About 30.8% of those thoughts are personal, which may be due to personal awareness, inclinations, and desires. This means that external reality has existed and has been able to capture 69.2% of the respondents' thinking and shape their common theories.The Rotated Component Matrix Shows the factor load for each of the variables after rotation. Any person with a factor load greater than 0.3 + _ was significant and is categorized in that factor.The first factor, which is the first class of respondents, consists of 7 experts, the second factor consists of 3 experts, the third factor consists of 2 experts, the fourth factor consists of 3 experts, and finally the fifth and sixth factors each consist of two experts.To find the common mental pattern of experts in each factor, answers with scores of 0, 1, 8, and 9 are selected from each of the experts in that factor, which have half or more repetitions in the constituents of that factor.Then, the selected questions of each factor have been considered as a suggested label. The titles have been offered to 5 experts for approval. These titles make up the content and the goals are the questions that remain.After re-testing the questionnaire of experts and reaching the same or almost the same answer, the work is completed at this stage. Finally, labeling on the main concept of questions extracted on each category was selected as effective factors on the exodus of residents and strategy to preserve and attract residents, according to the expert’s opinion. 

The Q factor analysis of experts led to the identification of five mental patterns. These patterns were divided into two main categories of exit causes and adsorption strategies. The first category, which includes two perspectives, points out that the problem of quantity, quality, construction, and infrastructure on the one hand and the attractiveness of the new development is the other most important effects on resident migration from the old context. The second category considers components such as participatory approach, change of urban management on a micro and macro scale, and improvement of the mental image affect the retention of remaining residents and reverse migration from new areas to the old context.

Spiritual resilience is one of the most important and fundamental determinants of people's health. Spiritual resilience causes people to use their existing capacities to achieve success and growth of individual life in difficult situations and despite the risk factors, and use these challenges as an opportunity to empower and improve their quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of natural light spiritual symbol in ebadi space (mosque) on users' spiritual resilience through the mediat role of spiritual intelligence. The method of this study is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of all worshippers from 10 selected mosques of Qajar period mosques in Shiraz city who were selected by simple random sampling method using Cochran formula (171 persons). In this study, three questionnaires of spiritual symbolism, spiritual intelligence and resilience were used as research tools with reliability coefficients of 0.86, 0.89 and 0.83, respectively. Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient and multiple regression in SPSS software. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between spiritual symbolism and spiritual resilience and variables of spiritual symbolism and spiritual intelligence can predict spiritual resilience. Also, among the spiritual symbols of mosques, the symbol of "light" has a greater role in explaining spiritual intelligence. According to the results of this study, spiritual symbolization, especially with natural light in worship spaces, while activating the conscious part of the mind, is effective in the function of spiritual intelligence and provides the necessary platform for creating spiritual resilience.

This study aims to identify and prioritize the environmental components affecting emotional intelligence and stress management of children and determine the relationship between them in the form of an analytical model to improve and develop the quality of primary schools. The present research is practical in terms of purpose and regarding its research methods, it is causal, analytical-descriptive, and survey. The Data collection method after library and documentary studies, a researcher-made questionnaire has been developed which studies the environmental components affecting emotional intelligence and stress management of children at primary schools in the form of 70 items. The statistical population of the study is educators and caregivers of children throughout Iran and the method of random sampling is voluntary. The sample size, which is according to the number of questions and Klein's view, is 461. The data analysis method according to the research objectives is the factor analysis method using SPSS software and modeling with Amos software. The results revealed that the diversity of physical components mediated by environmental components of mental security and physical comfort, sense of belonging to the environment, legibility of child-centered environment, and creative vitality affect purposeful playability and functional socialization and thus increase emotional intelligence. This affects the environmental resilience and adaptability and thus impulse tolerance and stress control in children.

Housing satisfaction is one of the most significant variables in the housing studies and various tools have been developed by researchers to measure this factor which include high numbers of questions. The purpose of this study is to reconstruct a questionnaire with high reliability and validity in the form of short procedure with runtime economics to measure the variable of residential satisfaction in the arrangement of a short form to be able to calculate the amount of this variable in a short time and allow the measurement of this variable in a short time without restrictions on personal, social and climatic components.Thus, among the available tools, the questionnaire that has the highest validity coefficient and at the same time the lowest number of questions was selected. Based on it and the theoretical foundations of the research, content-target table was compiled and a preliminary questionnaire was created. This questionnaire was administered firstly as a pilot and after confirming the reliability, on a sample size of 100 people. The obtained data were evaluated by factor analysis and the result indicates that the variable of residential satisfaction holds four factors of physical, facilities, services and economy which can be measured by twenty-two questions with Cronbach's alpha of 0.895.

Due to the prevalence and prevalence of Corona virus, the prevalence of using virtual reality and virtual tours in introducing valuable historical buildings, visiting cultural-tourist sites as well as virtual pilgrimage to holy places has been growing significantly. Is. According to research, virtual reality technology has an acceptable ability to simulate space for the visual perception of the audience. On the other hand, many people, due to the high cost and unavailability of virtual reality glasses, do not have the ability to virtualize with virtual reality tools. Any computer or smartphone can use this technology. So far, no research has been done on measuring the visual people's perceptions through virtual tours. The aim of this study is to follow the experimental method of one-group pre-test and post-test design with the aim of comparatively examining the visual perception of people in virtual circulation (virtual tour), compared to real circulation in historical environment. For this purpose, the audience once observed the Imam Khomeini Mosque, which is located in the Grand Bazaar of Tehran, as a real tour and once as a virtual tour, and then they were surveyed. Data were analyzed using paired t-test (paired) and SPSS software. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by consultation with experts. The statistical population of the research is architecture students and students. Based on the obtained results, the visual perceptions of the audience in virtual and real circulation are not significantly different from each other. In many studies, it is necessary to examine variables that can not be measured in real space or to study such variables is very costly. Also, in some cases, field surveys of spaces are not very time consuming or for various reasons. In these cases, a virtual tour can be used.

Gender has a key role in Islamic thought and considers it as an aspect should be trained. Now a days in light of psychological and social studies, there are more information about gender differences. These differences influence education and training via “gender identity” and “sex-typing”. So it’s essential to consider gender differences in out door open spaces design. The goal of this study concentrated on the effect of gender differences in Islamic thought on outdoor open space design. Reviewing mental differences and growing and structural aspects between boys and girls, we have built a frame for open interview which concluded to Delphi process. The study is a qualitative and operational and conducted a Delphi process between 7 psychologists and 15 architecture experts. The result is an applicable list of architectural considerations for outdoor planning. Using hot and bright colors, suitable areas for congregation, simple geometry, curved corners and miniature elements can be suggested for girls. Mild colors, encounter space, sophisticated geometry, expert and job acquaintance dedicated space, different levels, ballgame space are suitable for girls.

Place- identity as one of the main constructs in environmental psychology has a very important role in the cognitive relationship between man and his place of residence, and also enhancing mental health and improving his quality of life. But the lack of agreement of experts and professionals in defining the structure of the concept, and its dimensions has prevented it from a comprehensive understanding. On the other hand, most studies have been conducted in this field by place and its characteristics, while identity is a human and especially a psychological concept. Therefore, achieving the dimensions and factors affecting the formation of place- identity in residential neighborhoods from the perspective of architectural and urban professionals emphasizing on psychological aspects of the concept can be a step towards advancing place-identity research in the field of architecture and urbanism. Also, the findings would help in planning and designing of the residential neighborhoods.

What are the factors affecting the formation of place- identity in residential neighborhoods, from the perspective of architectural and urban professionals? What are the dimensions of place- identity formation in residential neighborhoods, based on the perspectives of architectural and urban professionals?

The study is a kind of the basic research with exploratory nature in terms of goal, and in terms of data collection method, it is placed in the descriptive research category. The research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, resulting from the school of multiple operationalism derived from sustainability approach. Therefore, identifying dimensions of place- identity formation in residential neighborhoods from the perspective of architectural and urban professionals has done in four sections; 1- open and deep interviews with professionals to recognize factors affecting the formation of the concept of place- identity; 2- open and axial coding used in Grounded theory research, preparation of content table and the researcher- made questionnaire that revised by experts; 3- Delphi survey that has been implemented in two rounds in order to assess the reliability the questionnaire, and 4- Q factor analysis was performed using SPSS-26 software. Q factor analysis is described as a means of determining dimensions or profiles of people. The statistical population of the research in the first step was 9 architectural and urban professionals, witch first was selected targeted, and then in Delphi survey, there were 25 people who were selected by network sampling method (snowball sampling method), to theoretical saturation.

The results from Q factor analysis and categorizing the factors, show that there are 8 dominant perspectives on the formation of place- identity among professionals that shape the dimensions of the place- identity in residential neighborhoods and are as follows: dimensions of "physical-structural", "psychological", "social- cultural", "functional- activity", "aesthetics", "environmental", "historical" and finally "semantic". The dimensions named by the main concept of the category derived from the questions that the experts emphasized on the main questionnaire. Also, professionals’ perspectives were identified in a range of social psychology with an atomic nature to semantics with a holistic nature.

This study aims to raise public awareness regarding Iranian architectural heritage values by identifying the dominant subjective patterns of experts regarding “visual literacy in Iranian architectural heritage education for children” with an emphasis on informal education. What we mean by visual literacy in Iranian architectural heritage is the ability to comprehend and interpret architectural heritage features and values. This study is exploratory in nature since it attempts to identify and extract the subjective patterns of experts. The research data was collected through a survey using the Delphi technique and the results were analyzed through Q factor analysis. Thus, the research process has four steps: 1) interview with experts, 2) analysis of interviewees’ transcripts with open and axial coding, designing the target-content table and the researcher-made questionnaire, 3) Delphi survey in two steps, 4) and Q factor analysis using SPSS-22 software. The statistical population comprises experts in the fields of architecture, preservation of monuments, archaeology, graphic design, and children educators (formal and informal). In the first step, 10 experts were selected and sampling was continued using the snowball sampling method until theoretical saturation was reached. In the Delphi survey, 30 experts were selected using the non-random purposive method. The results obtained from factor analysis introduced eight dominant themes of visual literacy in Iranian architectural heritage education among experts. These dimensions include extra-physical-conceptual, aesthetic, heritage-preservation, spatial perception, interactive-group, individual experiences, learning environment, and social-cultural context. Furthermore, the subjective patterns of experts, according to the multidimensional aspects of the topic, included the study of architectural heritage works (semantic, aesthetic, heritage-preservation, and space orientation), attention to the learner (individual, interactive), and learning conditions (contextual, cultural-social). The dimensions mentioned above can pave the way for visual literacy education in children with an emphasis on informal techniques.