بهزاد محمدیان

Non-profit universities are in competitive conditions and environmental risks. For this reason, they should pay more attention to organizational resilience. Hence, in line with the importance of resilience of non-profit universities, the purpose of this research is to design a framework for resilient universities. This research is a mixed research using an exploratory approach based on thematic analysis methodology. The data collection method is semi-structured interviews with managers, as well 15 professors at non-profit universities using snowball and targeted sampling strategy. In the quantitative phase,statistical population was all the employees of several non-profit universities in Tehran, whose sample size was 200. Sample was selected using random cluster method. Data  was analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS software. The findings of the research show that the network of themes developed in this research has 320 basic themes, 42 organizing themes and 8 inclusive themes. In this network of themes, the 8 comprehensive themes of non-profit resilient university include executive resilience, cultural resilience, financial resilience, leadership resilience, strategic resilience, educational resilience, staff resilience and research resilience. By identifying the main and sub-themes, the framework of resilient university has been designed, and finally the final model (the framework of resilient university) was approved.

Trust has influence in all social aspects of human beings and especially in the life of organizational hearts to the extent that as the glue that holds society together, it has attracted special attention from management thinkers. Both within and between organizations, it is an important facilitator of collaboration and can increasingly increase organizational effectiveness. Trust has been dynamic and is influenced by very important factors, specifically cognitive factors, which unfortunately have steadily declined in recent years. It is necessary to examine what factors may affect trust performance. This study has been used with a combination of inductive-deductive scientific methods and specifically through meta-combination of 32 articles to identify the cognitive factors in organizational trust. Then, these factors were prioritized through a survey of 12 experts and specialists who were selected by purposive sampling. Expert survey data were used to analyze and analyze quantitative data and identify the factors affecting organizational trust, using the best-worst method (BWM). The results provided the insight that organizational trust is influenced by 10 cognitive factors based on the examination of theoretical foundations. Then by prioritizing the factors, "honesty" was identified as the most important (best) factor and "knowledge sharing" as the least important (worst) factor. This scientific article provides a new insight into the antecedents of organizational trust and the role that cognitive antecedents play in relation to organizational trust.

Failure plays a crucial role in entrepreneurial learning and is a common issue among entrepreneurs. However, in ecosystems like Iran, insufficient attention has been given to this matter. Understanding the causes and mental underpinnings of failure, particularly among serial entrepreneurs, can guide the scientific and business communities towards solutions that facilitate the recovery of entrepreneurs' identity and emotion after failures. This lack of scientific and practical knowledge prompted this study to investigate the cognitive origins of learning from failure to gain a deeper understanding.

In this study, we adopted an inductive-deductive approach and, specifically, employed a meta-synthesis of 40 articles to identify the cognitive factors that influence learning from failure. We then prioritized these factors through a survey of 10 serial entrepreneurs selected using a purposive sampling method. Expert survey data were used to analyze the quantitative data and comprehend the key factors affecting learning from failure among serial entrepreneurs, utilizing the best-worst method.

The results, based on the theoretical foundation, reveal that learning from entrepreneurial failure is influenced by 24 distinct factors. After prioritizing these factors, "previous experience" emerged as the most significant (best) factor, while "opportunity temptation" was identified as the least important (worst) factor. According to the findings, failure can serve as a valuable capital for entrepreneurs, provided they confront their mistakes and learn from them. Factors like the fear of failure, entrepreneurial Alertness, and entrepreneurial humility also play essential role.

The results suggest that post-failure achievements are influenced by new experiences and information. Entrepreneurs' prior experiences and their fear of failure have a substantial impact on learning from failure. Prior experience and knowledge help entrepreneurs identify new opportunities realistically, reducing their fear of failure and leading to subsequent success. Additionally, entrepreneurs' learning is influenced by entrepreneurial humility. In general, individuals who are humbler are more willing to face failures realistically, accepting areas that need improvement and subsequently enhancing their chances of success in future endeavors.This paper introduces a cognitive approach to understanding the process of learning from the failures of serial entrepreneurs. This fresh perspective highlights the significant role of prior experiences in shaping entrepreneurs' attitudes towards failure. Furthermore, comprehending the relationships between these factors can greatly contribute to the success of entrepreneurs in re-entering the entrepreneurial arena after Failures, as well as aiding in their emotional and identity recovery.

Today, the issue of education in the world has become an important discussion for sustainable development, and in the meantime, new approaches have been introduced to improve the performance of learners. One of these approaches is using nudges in the field of education. The purpose of this research was to identify the factors related to the antecedents, processes and consequences of edunudge. The present study was a developmental research in terms of purpose and a qualitative research in terms of research design. In this study, Meta-synthesis method was used to integrate studies and create comprehensive and interpretive findings. In this research, due to the lack of internal documents and articles in this field, foreign articles related to the field of educational nudges, were selected and reviewed between 2000 and 2023. After summarizing and reviewing 14 articles, they were analyzed. Finally, the results of the analysis after examining the primary and secondary categories in total for the antecedents, process and consequences of educational nudges, 11 main categories were identified, which include the antecedents (poor performance of learners, low responsibility of learners in the field of educational issues, behavioral problems of learners and creating the context for its correction, the low motivation of learners), the process (intervention tools to improve educational results, behavioral interventions to change the behavior of learners, tools for correct choices, tools for providing information for decisionmaking) and consequences (improvement of learners' performance, improvement the behavior of the learners , increase the motivation of the learners). Therefore, according to the dimensions identified in the present study, it was concluded that Iran's educational system can take an effective step towards improving the performance of learners by correctly and fully identifying this new educational approach.

Attracting talented and skilled employees as well as retaining the current workforce has become one of the most important concerns of leading organizations and businesses in today's competitive and dynamic environment. Employee value proposition in the form of a set of suggestions and values ​​is a key stimulus to attract top talent in the labor market and while creating job satisfaction for current employees, has a significant impact on reducing the rate of turnovers of people from the organization. The aim of this study is to identify and prioritize the types of value proposition of employees in knowledge-based businesses with a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative). In the first phase, through semi-structured interviews with 10 experts from knowledge-based companies, the data were collected and analyzed by thematic analysis. In order to prioritize the types of value propositions identified, the questionnaire was distributed among 10 experts in the field. The Best-Worst Method (BWM) was used to analyze the obtained data. Finally, by prioritizing 14 core values, designing an attractive and purposeful career path as the most important value and designing a friendly organizational culture were identified as the least important type of value proposition

Cultural humility is a continuous process that involves people who deal with different communities. The purpose of this research is to analyze the position of social capital in relation to cultural humility and to enrich entrepreneurial learning through changing the entrepreneurial mindset. The methodology used in this research is meta-synthesis strategy. Data are collected from 10 studies on this concept and analyzed with the technique of coding. The results show that cultural humility with self-awareness component is no longer conscious. By strengthening the dimensions of social capital, such as trust, empathy and responsibility, it leads to changing the entrepreneurial mental model and enhancing entrepreneurial learning.

In recent years, there have been numerous discussions about the renovation of managerial procedures in public organizations. The selection of new frameworks for the public sector management in accordance with the cultures and Constitutions of different countries such that the developmental policies and measures are facilitated is an inevitable necessity for the developing countries. The successfulness of such frameworks in practice will be possible through the attraction of citizens’ support, which is deeply influenced by the attention of policymaker to social capital and its dimensions. The Iranian Civil Service Management Law is one of the outcomes of such a viewpoint. In this study, the status of social capital in the discourses that run through this law was examined. To this end, the text of the law was analyzed through a qualitative-interpretive approach using discourse analysis method. In this study, 128 articles and 106 notes in 15 chapters were examined. The results revealed the presence of two discourses, namely morality-law and proper service provision in most of the chapters. The examination of the various chapters of the law text led us to conclude that the mental model amplifying social capital is evident in chapters 1, 2, and 3. This trend begins to weaken in chapters 4 and 5, and hits its lowest point in the important chapters 6, 7, and 8 that are about entry into organization, employment, and promotion. Accordingly, it is suggested that content, structural, and behavioral revisions be made in the majority of chapters to facilitate the application and enforcement of this law by inducing justice, trust, transparency, and cooperation.

Crowdfunding is a new form of micro-fundraising for projects that has been around the world for thousands of years. It can be said that centuries ago, human beings were familiar with this capacity and were able to use micro-capital in different ways in different ways. Collective financing aims to raise the micro-capital that exists in the community to invest in various types of projects. In line with previous studies, this study has identified the cognitive errors of entrepreneurial negotiations with a focus on crowdfunding projects. To validate the results obtained in the past, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 15 co-financing experts who worked in the investment house. The sampling method is purposeful judgmental and qualitative content analysis has been used to achieve the goal. According to previous texts and interviews, the cognitive errors in entrepreneurial negotiations in crowdfunding were identified, which were classified into Two categories: cognitive errors caused by the entrepreneur, investor and project. Entrepreneur and investor mistakes include stereotypes, auras, such projection and error within the group.The Second error is related to the project error, such as the innovation-innovation error, the anchoring error, and the confirmation bias that were identified. Following is the identification of these errors in order to achieve a win-win and error-free entrepreneurial negotiation.

Although entrepreneurship is fraught with failure, in an economy like Iran, starting a new venture performance after a failure is very difficult. Therefore, the issue of learning from failure is more important for Iranian entrepreneurs. This research tries to investigate the effect of failure experience and learning from failure on the performance of new investment and has been done in a quantitative, survey and descriptive method with a practical purpose. The statistical population of this research is entrepreneurs active in different industries of Qom province in 2019. By simple random sampling method, a questionnaire was sent to all entrepreneurs in likert scale and finally 100 questionnaires were analyzed by structural equation modeling method using SmartPLS 2.0 software. The standard questionnaire has 38 questions. Validity was confirmed by academic experts and reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.748. The results show that the majority of entrepreneurs have experience of failure and agree that they can start a new venture performance by learning from failure. According to the results, it can be said that learning and experience of failure in entrepreneurial business are very intertwined and in fact experience of failure plays a key role for learning entrepreneurship, but in order to develop entrepreneurial businesses and according to the Iranian economy & culture is recommended that common entrepreneurial failures should be collected, and learning from failure experience of oneself should be replaced by vicarious failure experience and be taught in university.

Humility is one of the fundamental virtues mentioned in most philosophical, religious, and, scientific texts. Recently, as the base of virtue, it has also gained a special place in organizational and management studies. The purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive view of the concept of humility in the content of organization and management. In this exploratory mixed-method research, in order to understand the concept of humility, in the content of organization and management, the researchers used grounded theory strategy (GT) and to validate the indicators and concept, survey strategy was used. For this purpose, 12 human resources managers working in the banking industry in Iran were interviewed. Through coding techniques, the key concepts were identified and categorized. Data collection was done through distributing questionnaires to 200 employees and the collected data were analyzed using confirming factor analysis. Finally, the organizational humility was modeled within three areas: cognitive aspect related to knowledge and ontology, affective aspect related to attitude and epistemology, and behavioral aspect related to observing the pragmatism methodology. The results of the study, confirming the validity of the instrument, showed that the understanding of the bank's managers of humility is supported by espoused theories and theory in use, but the epistemic and content barriers prevented the maximum use of this competence.

Humility-based leadership is a style which is based on virtue. A virtue that is deeply rooted in the beliefs and basic assumptions of staffs. Theoretical development and empirical findings about this subject is very poor. The traces of recent organizational scandals have been blamed on arrogance, sense of selfishness and self-righteousness of the managers. Virtues such as humility have faced with an incresingly interest in organizational studies. The aim of this study is to provide a conceptual model of components, requirements and outcomes of humility-based leadership. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: Humility-based leadership is a style which is based on virtue. It is a penetrating feature that allows a person to fit and even prevail in a particular society. Humility has been defined as possessing a multi-dimensional construct, which includes the passion for self-assessment (i.e., self-awareness and recognition of constraints), orientation and tendency to others (againest self-centred), interpersonal acceptance, the ability to regulate the emotions of others, and confirmation and appreciation of the value of creatures. Humble leadership is recognized as the acknowledgment of individuals’ limitations, highlighting the strengths of others and readiness to learn from models. Here it is assumed that this set of behaviors helps to reduce the social distance between leaders and followers through the promotion of bilateral exchange relations. Initially, with the acknowledgment of individual limitations, a leader will be able to stay close to the subordinates. The philosophy of research is interpretive, its approach is meta-synthesis and its strategy is grounded-theory, which is carried out qualitatively and through data collection using the instrument of documentation. Meta synthesis is qualitative analysis of concepts in previous studies using the common coding method in qualitative research and qualitative strategies such as grounded theory. Analysis have shown that the main phenomenon (humility-based leadership) consists of four components: self-awareness, coaching, mentoring, and teachability. The first component of the definition of humility is the desire to engage enthusiastically in an influential process called self-awareness. In case of the second component, theorists have recently suggested that modesty is a driving force for credible service and leadership. The third essential component of humility is the ability to learn (experiential, responsive). As humility is rooted in development tendencies, this component also has implicit beliefs about the utility of learning and its potential for self-development. CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS: For further research, future researchers are advised to study the process of forming this leadership style in a variety of quantitative and qualitative ways. Reviewing the personality characteristics of these leaders can also significantly contribute to organizational growth. It is suggested that researchers investigate the impact of this phenomenon on other behavioral structures such as organizational citizenship behavior, organizational vocation, and organizational learning.

The manifestation of Islamic goals and aspirations in all aspects of politics, economics and military etc., necessitates an advancing, powerful and authorized culture. This culture must relieve the country of the probable dangers and it must prepare the grounds for opportunities. In this regard, Basij as a remarkable organization during the imposed war and as an organization that provides the security of this country, must be analyzed based on the words of the Supreme Leader. The present study aims at diagnosing the components of the culture of Basij based on the Supreme Leader`s words. This qualitative study has an inductive approach. 19 speeches of the supreme leader among Basijies and two of his messages to the conventions of this organization by the use of content analysis method has been analyzed. The contents include: strengthening the faith, studying, prudence and management, adherence to ethics, presence in everywhere and efforts and perseverance with people.

Term of success mixed and mingled with the concept of entrepreneurship in the scientific literature and this study with a phenomenological approach try to identify the essence of success in entrepreneurial negotiations. negotiation is one of leaders competency in current compete base business environment. In this regard, with emphasizing on the importance of these negotiations and specifying the existing research gap, Looking for an answer to its challenges among entrepreneurs who have common experience about that phenomenon. Of these, seven cases have chosen to collect information through interviews. The results arising from interviews analyzed and Reported by Scott's style. From results ground 4 main them and 14 sub-theme. Intelligence, humility, fanatic and productive paranoia were the main themes. The fanatic can be the main essence of success in entrepreneurial negotiation. In this regard suggested to entrepreneurs that be fanatic and commitment toward goals and with care and humility and by using intelligence moving toward win-win negotiation.

The main purpose of this study is to exploring the antecedents and consequences of downsizing. The type of research is mixed method and was done with questionnaire and interview. Population of study was all employees of merged organizations that in the qualitative part 54 people selected and in the quantitative part 161 people was selected. Sampling done by available method. To analyzing in qualitative part them analyzing has used and in the quantitative part paired sample t-test has used. The result showed that employee is unsatisfied to this action and have negative attitude about it. From human capital perspective the most important factor in successful implementation of this strategy is the infrastructures and education and the important consequences are disappointment and pessimism in organization that damage the effective relationships and trust in organization.

This research attained to identify the subjectivity of hesitant customer in circumstance that they want decide to purchase. For this aim they Q-method that is one of qualiquantological approach was used. Thirty three diction that gathered from interview and literature constitute the discourse circumscription. These diction ordering by 66 person and then analyzed by SPSS and Q-factor analyzing. The reliability of instrument tested by Cronbach test and attained by 0.952. The validity of discourse asked from participant at the end of questionnaire with an open question and approved. At last 9 subjectivity about purchase decision identified. Paying attention to recommendation of other persons, quality, brand, mode, pleasure, price, knowledge, country of origin, habit were these subjectivities between hesitant customers when they encountered an acatalepsy in purchase decision making condition.

Empathy is having a common sense with others. The context in which have been emphasized in religious texts. This study aims to provide a model to explain the factors affecting empathy.
Data analyzed with SPSS and Smart-PLS. Community of study was Qom universities students. And a sample of 400 of them participated in this study. A questionnaire with five point Likert scale was designed and its validity was confirmed by the professors opinion and then distributed and completed by self-report. Reliability tested by Cronbach's alpha and different parts of the tools were validated in Research model and tested by using structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach.
Results and The results of the survey indicates a good fit for the model and also showed that the hypothesis of the study were approved and spirituality with social capital have important role in the development of empathy between the people and the government. In this regard, practical recommendations were presented to the government and people to the development of empathy.

This study aimed to investigate the role of psychological capital in crisis management¡ according to the tradition of Imam Hossein (AS). The type of research is qualitative that performed by content analysis technique. Data were collected from documents and historical texts. For this purpose our research was performed based on the Mosueh Al-Hossein (AS) book. Analysis was carried out according to the process model of crisis management¡ with four stages as anticipating a crisis¡ crisis management plan¡ organizing and implementing crisis management plan. Finally¡ it was concluded that¡ in the pre-crisis stage¡ Imam (AS) due to issues in the community had come to the awareness that the crisis threatens community and the need for corrective action is necessary in order to achieve the same result as the planning and controlling arrangements for the crisis and its final implementation freed the society from danger. Psychological aspects in all parts of the capital management is deduced and it has some examples such as patience¡ determination¡ faith in God and being thankful.

This research by a quantitative approach tries to study the effect of self-disclosure in social networks on the development of social capital. In this regard, the main emphasis is on the role of spiritual capital. Study population is students of Tehran University and eventually 380 participated in this study. A questionnaire with five point Likert scales that designed from credible sources were used to gathering data and its validity was confirmed by experts. Questionnaire was shared in social networks, and by a self-report method was completed. To computing reliability using Cronbach's alpha was used. The research model tested by using structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach. Results also a good fit for the model, but one hypothesis is that the hypotheses of the study were approved and the role of spiritual capital in the development of social capital has been grasped.