حسن صفی خانی

The purpose of this study was to design an interpretive structural model of social network challenges in order to develop online retail of sports goods and equipment. Current study In terms of purpose Applied And in terms of how data is collected it was a type of field research. Considering the main purpose, the research method was qualitative method (foundation data theory). The statistical population in this study includes experts in the field of sports management and marketing. Using targeted sampling method and theoretical saturation technique, key informants (including 13 experts in the field of sports management and marketing) to identify the model framework of social network challenges to develop online retail And sports equipment were selected and interviewed semi-structured (with focus groups) and the components and challenges of social networks were identified, then interpretive structural modeling was used as one of the consensus methods. The results showed that the factors of trust building, pricing, site and culture have high dependency and low influence. Management factors, Internet and sponsorship have high influence and low dependency. The Challenges of Social Networking for the Development of Online Retailing of Sporting Goods and Equipment Provide a deeper understanding and broader perspective for marketing researchers and pave the way for a greater presence of online retailers of sporting goods and equipment.

Asprosin is an adipokine with gluconeogenic and metabotropic effects, which is related to type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to determine the effect of six weeks of high-intensity CrossFit training (HICFT) on serum asprosin in men with type 2 diabetes.

 In the current semi-experimental research that was conducted in the summer of 2022 on patients who are members of the Dezful Diabetes Association, 30 obese men with type 2 diabetes living in Dezful city in Iran were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 15 HICFT and control. People in the training group did six weeks of HICFT training with an intensity of 80-85% of the reserve heart rate in three training sessions per week. Blood and anthropometric variables were examined 48 hours before and after the intervention in a fasting state. For statistical analysis, dependent t-tests and analysis of covariance were used in SPSS 26 software.

In this study, 22 people (10 people in the HICFT group with an average age of 43.80±3.08 years and 12 people with an average age of 44.58±3.09 years in the control group) remained in the study. The average history of diabetes was 3.24±0.45 years in the experimental group and 3.23±0.42 years in the control group. The results showed that a significant decrease in serum asprosin (1.65 ng/ml), body fat (2.45%), and insulin resistance (0.94 units) was observed in the HICFT group compared to the control (p<0.001).).

According to the results, it can be said that HICFT has a positive role in reducing insulin resistance and blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes by improving body composition and reducing asprosin secretion. It seems that adjustment of fasting asprosin to body fat percentage is one of the effective mechanisms to reduce insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes in adaptation to high-intensity exercises.

Asprosin is an adipokine that has a positive relationship with obesity and type 2 diabetes; also, this adipokine plays an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance with its gluconeogenic and metabotropic effects. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of six weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on insulin resistance, body fat percentage and asprosin serum in obese men with type 2 diabetes.

In this semi-experimental research, 24 obese men with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into 2 HIIT and control groups. People in the training intervention group did six weeks of HIIT training with an intensity of 80-85% heart rate reserve in 3 training sessions per week. Blood and anthropometric variables were performed fasting 48 hours before and after the intervention. Paired sample t-tests and analysis of covariance were used for statistical analysis.

After the intervention, there was a significant difference (P<0.001) in serum asprosin (-10.47% vs. +0.13%), body fat percentage (-5.17% vs. +0.13%), and insulin resistance (-23.94% versus +10.02%).

According to the results, it can be said that adjustment of fasting asprosin to body fat percentage is one of the effective mechanisms for reducing insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes in adaptation to HIIT.

The purpose of this study was to develop a framework for presenting a model for the development of doping-free sports in Iran with a combined design approach. The research method was a two-stage exploratory combination of instrument making. Qualitative research method, qualitative case study and potential participants included 17 faculty members. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. In the quantitative part, the research method was descriptive survey. The statistical population of this study included the president, vice president and secretary of sports federations, whose number was 153 according to the 51 active federations in the country. According to Morgan's table, 113 people were identified as the research sample based on the available sampling method. Ten faculty members of sports management were used to evaluate the face validity and the carcass model was used for the content validity of the questionnaire questions and the content validity was confirmed. Convergent validity, hybrid reliability and Cronbach's alpha were also confirmed. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data to evaluate the fit of the research model. The results showed that the amount of t in each factor has a significant effect and the whole framework of the doping-free sport development model in Iran was approved. Also, the results of the present study showed that the presentation of a model for the development of doping-free sports in Iran includes causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervention conditions, consequences, and strategies. Also, the results of the present study showed that the research model has a good fit.

immune system in elderly people. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and low-intensity continuous training (LICT) along with Citrus aurantium (CA) extract on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in soleus muscle tissue of aged female rats.
 

A total of 42 aged female rats were divided into (1) control (C), (2) LICT, (3) HIIT, (4) LICT+CA, (5) HIIT+CA, (6) CA, and (7) sham (normal-saline) groups. During eight weeks, HIIT was performed with an intensity of 85-90% of maximum speed and LICT with an intensity of 65% of maximum speed for five sessions per week, and 300 mg/kg/day of Citrus aurantium extract was daily intraperitoneally injected. The collected data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc statistical tests (P≤ 0.05).

TNF-α in LICT (P=0.001), HIIT+CA (P=0.004) and LICT+CA (P=0.007) groups were significantly lower than the C group. In the LICT group, TNF-α was significantly lower than the CA (P=0.001), HIIT (P=0.001), LICT+CA (P=0.02), and HIIT+CA (P=0.014) groups. It was also lower in the LICT+CA (P=0.007) and HIIT+CA (P=0.011) groups than the HIIT group. IL-6 levels in HIIT+CA group were significantly lower than the control group (P=0.02).

It seems that the training (continuous and interval) along with CA extract has favorable effect on TNF-α compared to HIIT; however, investigating the mechanism of intensity and type of training as well as different dosage of CA on IL-6 requires further studies.

The purpose of this study was to identify and model the most important factor of pure sport development model in Iran with interpretive structural modeling approach.

The purpose of this study was applied and in terms of data collection, it was a field research. With regard to the main purpose, the research method was qualitative (foundation data theory). The statistical population in this study includes experts in the field of sport management. Using purposive sampling and theoretical saturation technique, key informants (including 17 experts in the field of sport management with focus groups (to It was done and the components and factors of pure sport development model were identified in Iran and then interpretive structural modeling was used as one of the consensus methods.

The results showed that the factors of cultural factors, skills and motivation with power High influence, individual and organizational factors, moral consequence, and societal consequences with subordinate power The above and the managerial and structural factors have high influence and dependency, so the framework of Clean Sport Development Model in Iran provides a deeper understanding and broader perspective to the researchers and extends the scope of Clean Sport Development Model in Iran to a specialized field.

The present study suggests that the framework presented is based on a global philosophy and values, and it seems that the use of pure sport development in sport seems to give rise to some ethical principles and values during implementation. Emphasize and implement sports activities

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of six-months of combined care program with garlic supplementation on coagulation factors (INR, PPT, PT) in middle-aged men with DVT. The present study was a quasi-experimental with a clinical trial design (code: IRCT20210718051924N1). Subjects were 40 men (age: 51.50 ±4.01 years, fat percentage: 28.63 ±3.24) with a history of at-least 3 years of DVT who were taking warfarin randomly divided into four groups: Combined-exercise, Combined-exercise +garlic, Garlic and Control. Combined-exercise for 24 weeks, 3 sessions per-week, first resistance training (50 to 60% 1RM) and then aerobic training (55 to 60% of the reserve-heart-rate). 1200mg daily garlic supplement was used in the form of capsules at ten o'clock in the morning. PT, PTT and INR factors were measured before and after 24 weeks. Two-way analysis of variance, paired t-test and Tukey post-hoc test were used (P<0.05). The results showed that both combined-exercise +garlic and consumption of garlic increased the PT (garlic 3.3%, p=0.004; exercise +supplement 13.3%, P=0.001) and INR (garlic 2%, p=0.013; exercise +supplement 46%, p=0.001) had a significant effect, also combined-exercise +garlic on the PTT 1.5% (p=0.014) had a significantly effect. But this wasn’t of effects in the combined-exercises (PT: p=0.355, INR: p=0.259, PTT: p=0.448) and the group Garlic was-not significant in PTT (p=0.504). It is recommended to use combined exercises with garlic consumption because of its effect on PT and INR and the important role of these factors in rebalancing homeostasis.

Lack of evidence is very important in preventing exacerbation in patients with deep vein thrombosis. Contradictory information about the effect of various sports activities on physiological factors affecting the body. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the effect of a six-month combined care program with garlic supplementation on coagulation factors (fibrinogen and platelets) in middle-aged men with DVT.

The present study was an experimental study with a clinical trial design (with clinical trial code: IRCT20210718051924N1 from Iran Clinical Trial Registration Center). The statistical population included middle-aged men with deep vein thrombosis. Samples: 40 middle-aged men with deep vein thrombosis in Kermanshah who participated in this study as a sample available and voluntarily. The method of assigning the subjects to the groups was an alternative randomization that was divided into four groups: 1. Combined exercise, 2. Combined exercise +garlic supplement, 3. Garlic supplement 4. Controls were divided. The time of conducting the research was winter of 2021. Combined exercise was performed for 24 weeks with 3 sessions per week. 1200 mg daily garlic supplement was used. Fibrinogen and platelets factors were measured before and after 24 weeks. Covariance, paired t-test and Tukey post hoc test were used at a significant level (α = 0.05).

The results showed that both combined exercise and garlic consumption had a significant effect on reducing fibrinogen levels and platelet count (α < 0.001), but these changes were not significant in the control group (α = 0.863, α = 0.434 respectively). Also, 24 weeks of combined training with garlic consumption had the highest reduction in fibrinogen content and platelet count compared to other groups in people with deep vein thrombosis (α < 0.001).

Garlic combined with combined exercises (resistance-aerobic) intensified the fibrinogen levels and platelet count in DVT Iran who were undergoing drug treatment. Therefore, these individuals should be used in combination exercises with garlic due to the effect on fibrinogen levels and platelet count and the useful and important role of these factors in rebalancing homeostasis.

Diabetes causes cardiovascular disorders and causes coronary artery disease or systemic hypertension. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise on vascular endothelial growth factor-B (VEGF-B) gene expression and total antioxidant status (TAS) of cardiac tissue in diabetic male rats.

This experimental study was performed on 30 adult male Wistar rats and divided into 3 groups of Diabetic training, Diabetic control and healthy control (n = 10). Diabetic rats were diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The exercise program consisted of 6 weeks of treadmill training. After 24 hours of the last training session to examine the effect of exercise, cardiac tissue samples were extracted to measure VEGF-B gene expression and TAS. One-way ANOVA with statistical level (P˂0.05) was used to compare between groups and significant differences between groups.

Results showed after a period of endurance training there was a significant increase in VEGF-B gene expression and total antioxidant status in the exercise-treated diabetic group compared to control diabetes (P = 0.001). However, no significant difference (P = 0.364) and significant difference (P = 0.033) were observed for VEGF-B gene expression level and antioxidant status between diabetic training and healthy control diabetic groups, respectively.

It seems that endurance training has a positive effect on VEGF-B and TAS of diabetic heart rats and can improve diabetic heart.

Patients with diabetes mellitus are at high risk of antioxidants and in long-term vascular lesions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of one course of aerobic exercise on the gene expression of angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT-1) and cardiac tissue oxidative status (TOS) in diabetic rats.

30 male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (n= 10) diabetic training, diabetic control and healthy control groups. Animals in diabetic groups were diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The exercise program consisted of 6 weeks of treadmill training. 24 hours after the last training session to evaluate the effect of exercise, cardiac tissue samples were extracted to measure gene expression  of ANGPT-1 and total oxidative status. One-way ANOVA with statistical level (P<0.05) was used to compare the differences between groups.

The results showed that gene expression of ANGPT-1 and TOS were significantly increased in the diabetic training group compared to the diabetic control group (P= 0.001) but only in the ANGPT-1 there were no significant differences (P= 0.001) between two groups of diabetic control and healthy control (P>0.05).

It seems that endurance training has a positive effect on the expression of ANGPT-1 gene and improves the overall antioxidant status of the heart tissue of diabetic rats and improve the diabetic heart.

Consumption of non-enzymatic antioxidants in the form of dietary supplements can have a positive effect on reducing oxidative stress by hunting free radicals. The aim of this study was to explain the effect of 6 weeks of increasing and complementary L-carnitine aerobic exercise on the apline of the cardiac tissue and the blood glucose levels of diabetic mice.

In this experimental study, 40 males of Wistar male rats were randomly divided into five groups: healthy control, diabetic control, diabetes-L-carnitine, diabetes + aerobic exercise and diabetes + exercise + L-carnitine. After diabetic rats, they were given 100 mg of L-carnitine orally daily. The aerobic exercise program started 5 days a week, for six weeks, with a slope of zero degrees, a speed of 10 meters and a time of 10 minutes in the first week, and in the last week the slope reached 5 degrees, a speed of 20 meters and a time of 40 minutes.

The results showed a significant increase in apline in diabetes groups + aerobic exercise and diabetes group + aerobic exercise + L-carnitine compared to the control group and placebo (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two active research groups (p = 0.274). The results of the follow-up test showed a significant decrease in glucose in the active groups compared to the control and placebo groups (p = 0.001).

Aerobic exercise and L-carnitine consumption can increase the apline receptor of cardiac tissue and reduce glucose.

Adipokine apelin plays an important role in regulating energy homeostasis and improving insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactive effect of aerobic exercise and L-carnitine supplementation on serum levels of cardiac tissue apelin and insulin resistance in diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 40 male rats were randomly divided into five groups of healthy control, diabetic control (placebo), diabetes + L-carnitine, diabetes + aerobic exercise, and diabetes + L-carnitine + exercise. After induction of diabetes in rats, aerobic exercise and L-carnitine supplementation were performed for six weeks and five sessions per week. Aerobic training in the active groups consisted of 10 minutes of treadmill exercise with 60% of maximal oxygen uptake, which increased by 20 minutes from the third week, with no control group training.

There was a significant increase in apelin in the diabetes + aerobic training group and the diabetes + aerobic training + L-carnitine group compared to the control and placebo groups (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two active groups (P = 0.227). There was a significant decrease in insulin and glucose levels in the active groups compared to the control and placebo groups, too (P = 0.001).

Aerobic training and consumption of L-carnitine can increase cardiac tissue apelin and decrease insulin resistance.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of neurofeedback and pilates training on the balance of children with Down’s syndrome.
Subjects and The sample consisted of 20 children with Down’s syndrome (average age 12 y) who were studying in the exceptional school in Kermanshah. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: neurofeedback and pilates (n=10 each). The first group received refractory training for 8 weeks and the second group underwent pilates training. The 8-channel Procump device was used to carry out the neurofeedback training. Berg balance test was used in both group vs of pre- and post-test. To compare the two groups, independent t-test was used at the significance level of 0.05.
The results showed that both types of training significantly improved the balance of children, but the comparison between the two groups showed that the pilates training had a greater effect on the balance of children than the neurofeedback training.
Conclussion: According to these results, it can be suggested that exceptional children’s’ centers and parents can use both types of training to improve children’s’ balance.