فهرست مطالب حسین حاتمی

 This study was aimed to investigate the principles and foundations of passive defense, study the types of drinking water storage tanks, identify threats in urban water tanks and prioritize passive defense measures to reduce water tank threats.

 In this study, in order to identify threats in the field of drinking water storage tanks and identify hazards and risk assessment, a combination of Delphi and FEMA methods was used. Moreover, AHP hierarchical analysis was adopted in order to prioritize the types of tanks from the passive defense criteria point of view. Ethical considerations were observed in all stages of the study.

 According to experts, important threats with a high destructive effect in the field of water storage resources included "chemical and biological contaminants" that can endanger the health of water and consumers. Indeed, “air and missile bombings”, "fixed suicide bombings" and "individuals and vehicles" can cause the destruction of reservoir structures and disrupt water supply operations. Moreover, threats related to psychological warfare and soft warfare, including "rumors of water pollution", "psychological operations and personnel evacuation", "process sabotage" and "cyber-attacks" could result in chaos in the society. Accordingly, based on the aggregation of experts' opinions and the points given to water reservoirs in terms of exposure to threats, buried ground reservoir with a score of 0.386, semi-buried ground reservoir with a score of 0.246, elevated reservoir with a score of 0.225 and ground reservoir with a score of 0.143 were respectively prioritized for use as urban water storage tanks.

 According to the results of this study, it is suggested to avoid the implementation of visible water reservoirs, and if possible, the reservoirs should be designed and implemented as buried. If it is not economically justified, the reservoir should be semi-buried with embankment and necessary modifications to the structure. Implement and finally use passive defense measures including camouflage, deception, etc. Evaluation of reservoirs in Sari city showed that the condition of these facilities is not favorable in terms of passive defense requirements, especially in rural areas and small reservoirs.

 Neglecting nutritional needs of elderly people creates the basis for the occurrence of many diseases. Measuring nutritional knowledge, attitudes and behavior as a needs assessment is one of the first steps in intervention planning. The present study aimed to evaluate nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among the elderly people in Karaj, Iran.

 This cross-sectional (descriptive–analytic) study was conducted on 393 elderlies attending in the health centers of Karaj, Iran. The sampling method was multi-stage and the tool used for data gathering was a questionnaire that has passed the validity and reliability stages, including the demographic information of people and questions related to nutritional knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of individuals. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Ethical considerations were observed in all stages of the study.

 The elderlies showed average knowledge and had a good condition in terms of attitude and behavior. While the knowledge, attitude, and behavior (KAB) of participants were statistically associated with their education level and residence region (p < 0.001); however, age and gender were not significantly correlated with the subjects KAB (p > 0.05). Also, a significant correlation was denoted between the knowledge scores of the studied subjects and the family structure (p = 0.038).

 Knowledge is not enough to make facilitate positive health changes. Educational interventions and emphasis on proper health habits should be persistent so that individuals’ attitudes and performance could visibly change and the subsequent positive impact on health would become tangible. Designing and implementation of educational programs are strongly recommended to improve and adjust the diet of the elderly.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common occupational complaints among dentists. Accurate assessment of the pain caused by these disorders is of paramount importance in its better control. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and evaluate the correlation of the Visual Analogue Scale with the different dimensions of the McGill Pain Questionnaire in dental students in the city of Tehran.

In this cross-sectional descriptive-correlation study conducted among 120 dental students in Tehran in 2020-2021, data related to musculoskeletal disorders were collected through the Nordic questionnaire. Pain assessment was also performed using the Visual Analogue Scale and McGill Pain Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 and statistical tests, including chi-square, Spearman, and Pearson correlation, to examine the relationship between the two measures.

In this study, the highest prevalence of disorders was observed in the neck region (42.5%), upper back (35%), and lower back (31.7%). Neck pain and discomfort, in the last 12 months, caused a reduction in work activity more than any other region among the participants. Significant correlations were found between the Visual Pain Scale and the Sensory (r=0.543, p=0.011), Affective (r=0.549, p=0.020), and Evaluative (r=0.538, p=0.035) dimensions of the McGill Pain Questionnaire.

The present study indicates that work-related musculoskeletal disorders are common in dental students. There is a high correlation between the Visual Pain Scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire in assessing pain intensity.

In this research, the usage possibility of minimum quantity lubrication in grinding super alloy Inconel 738 has been studied empirically to reach improved grinding and lubricating conditions. For reaching this purpose, based on Taguchi design of experiment method grinding variables were set in three levels and lubrications were set in six levels in order to compare conventional, dry and MQL methods. Studies have shown that in grinding this material by MQL method we can obtain the results very close to conventional mode in terms of force and surface roughness even having better surface quality. Results in MQL method by considering various oils with different viscosities show that Behzist 6046 and Canola herbal-based oil are the best replacement of conventional method in terms of force reduction and surface roughness. In fact, in the case of using the MQL method together with Behzist 6046 oil, a 50% reduction in the force output is observed and when using Behzist 6043 oil, there is only a 30% difference in the surface roughness obtained with the traditional method, which creates a better surface smoothness is visible. For all the 100 investigated modes, the results show that the optimal levels for the variables of advance speed, stone wheel speed and chipping depth are level 1, 2046 rpm and 5 microns, respectively. The specific vertical force can be predicted in more than 50% of the tests with the least error (about 20%).

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the epidemiological, clinical,and Para-clinical characteristics of 1-6 years old children with

The present observational study is a cross-sectional correlational work. The participants in this study were 288 children with a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to Dr. Mohammad Kermanshahi Referral Hospital. Sampling was done in a non-random way available and clinical and demographic information was collected by examining their clinical files, taking into account the entry criteria (1-6-year-old children with suspected coronavirus hospitalized with a positive RT-PCR test). It was analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 25 and chi-square and Fisher statistical tests.

In total, 63% of the cases were male and 37% were female; 23.8% were in the ICU and 7.5% were connected to a ventilator. In addition, 21.7% had an underlying disease. The mortality rate was 5.3%. The highest clinical demonstrations were fever (74.4%), coughing (33.8%), and diarrhea (21.4%). The laboratory results showed abnormal leukopenia (42.3%), CRP (29.5%), LFT (22.1%), DDIMR (11%), ferritin (10.3%), and ESR (40.6%). In addition, 5.4% of them died so the recovery rate was 94.6%. There was no significant relationship between drug sensitivity and antiviral drug use and mortality due to COVID-19 in children (P >0.05). There was no significant relationship between using antibiotics, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin and mortality due to COVID-19 in children (P >0.05).

Based on the results of this study, a high proportion of children were associated with fever and respiratory symptoms and abnormal para-clinical CT, WBC, and ESR findings. The highest percentage of illness and death due to complications of corona was in the age group of 1-3 years old boys. It seems to reduce their mortality it’s essential to equip and strengthen children's special care departments in the hospital, as well as continuous care and follow-up after discharge and treatment for all sick children with covid-19 in the health department until full recovery is recommended.

 International Health Regulations (IHR) are aimed at preventing and responding to acute public health risks. The city of Astara has a large population due to its land border (passenger, commercial). This study set out with the aim of evaluating the impact of healthcare services outsourcing to private sector during Covid-19 pandemic on the quantity and quality of )IHR( implementation as compared with public service delivery in 2018-2021.

 During this quasi experimental study, healthcare services included vaccination, negative rapid test, rapid test, and screening for flu-like syndrome, which are performed by the private sector. Paired samples t-test using SPSS v27.was conducted to compare these services with those that were previously carried out by the government through total population sampling. Ethical considerations were observed in all stages of the study.

 The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of Covid-19 vaccination, negative rapid test, and rapid test carried out in the public and private commercial and passenger sectors were (101.46± 44.15 and 2.33± 3.83), (14.07± 12.83 and 0.8±2.02), (134.33 ± 27.97 and 4.97± 6.43), (30.14± 25.34 and 1.67 ±3.77), (137.40± 27.52 and 4.97± 6.43) and (33.04±27.01 and 1.67±3.77). These results were found to be statistically significant (P-value < 0.001).

 The results pointed towards the improvement of both the quality and quantity of healthcare following outsourcing. Pilot implementation in Gilan province requires special attention with regard to the allocation of funds for its better implementation.

One of the most fascinating features of cosmology is the study of large structures that can reveal the properties of particles with the smallest known cross sections (neutrinos). In fact, in the early universe, after photons, neutrinos play an important role in the formation of structures. The large number of neutrinos, combined with their non-zero mass, leads to today's energy density at least 25 times larger than CMB photons. This high density of free-flowing particles leads to changes in the large-scale structure (LSS) that can be recorded in large galaxy studies or dark current measurements. The purpose of this paper is to determine the direction of bulk flow and other cosmic parameters using the quintessence model. In this paper, we also estimate the mass of neutrinos using neutrino coupling and the scalar field of quintessence. The data where used in this article is the Pantheon Catalog, a total of 1048 Type Ia supernovae. The direction of the bulk flow is slightly different on scales smaller than 0.1, and the higher the scale of the local world, the greater the difference in the direction of the bulk current.

This study aims to determine the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniosis (CL) in Aran va Bidgol city in Isfahan, Iran.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 1020 patients with CL referred to the leishmaniosis treatment centers in Aran va Bidgol city during 2018-2020 who had complete records in these centers and their smear test was positive for CL.

Of 1020 patients, 60.6% were male. Their mean age was 34.5 years and 94.1% of them were Iranian. The CL was more common among housewives (24.5%) and 43.6% of patients had a history of travel to other cities. Moreover, 10.1% reported more than 6 ulcers. The ulcer size was less than 3 cm in 74.4% of patients. There was a statistically significant relationship between the age of patients and the location of the lesions (P<0.01). The ulcer size had a statistically significant relationship with the patients’ sex, occupation, place of residence, and age (P<0.001).

The prevalence of CL in Aran va Bidgol city is high among young men living in rural areas and among workers and farmers. By providing the necessary education about this disease and improving the community and environmental health, the incidence of CL can be reduced.

In this study, a model based on quantile regresion was estimated using seasonal data from 2001 to 2021. The variables representing monetary policy are the interest rate of banking facilities and the legal reserve rate, and the dependent variables are the growth rate of food, price index. The results based on the estimation of quantile models showed that in all quantiles interest rates had a positive and significant effect on food inflation. Therefore, it can be concluded that with the increase of interest rates, the cost of capital as well as storage will increase; This will have a positive effect on food prices and will affect food inflation, and when interest rates rise in high inflation, due to increased capital costs (due to Increased opportunity cost) will have a greater effect on inflation.

In this research, the mechanical properties including bending strength and impact resistance for steel composite beams with high performance concrete are discussed. In the construction of the steel part of the specimens, the shield cross-section grade 4 is used in the tensile part of the sheet with a thickness of 5 mm and two widths of 30 and 40 mm and a length of 70 cm. It should be noted that the compression wing of some specimens is made of concrete with Different steel reinforced fibers. Self-compacting concrete with 3 percent of different steel fibers, which are 0, 0.5, and 1 percent, was used in making the concrete of the specimens. The results of the impact tests showed that the amount of energy absorption as well as the initial maximum force increased with the increase in the fibers percentage that the highest energy absorption is related to the w4hc4sf1 beam, which has increased by 0.09% compared to the specimen without concrete. Regarding the results of the bending test, the resistance value increased intermittently with the increase of fibers. The w4hc4sf1 beam had the best performance, and its strength increase compared to the same specimen without concrete was equal to 204%.

The newfound  pollutant perchlorate, with global distribution, long-term stability in the environment, and solubility in water, is the most crucial health threat of the present era by causing changes in the level of thyroid hormones. Perchlorate enters the body by drinking water or contaminated food with perchlorate. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has provided a guideline of 15 μg/L in drinking water. This study aims to determine the relationship between the concentration of perchlorate in drinking water and the frequency of hypothyroidism in newborns.

238 samples were collected from the water supply network of the study area. The samples were analyzed according to the standard water and wastewater tests and ion chromatography methods.

The results showed that the quality characteristics of drinking water in the water supply systems of the studied area are within the normal range and in accordance with the standard. Drinking water is classified as hard water in Damavand city. Perchlorate concentration of drinking water was detected to be 0.002 - 0.009 mg/liter.

The concentration of perchlorate in the drinking water of the study area is according to the guidelines of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and does not threaten consumers’ health.

As one of the diseases transmitted through water and food, shigellosis is one of the health problems in developing countries. This study was conducted in order to investigate the outbreaks of bloody diarrhea caused by Shigella in patients with positive cultures in Isfahan province during 2014-2016.

This study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. Information of 280 infected patients with positive Shigella cultures based on demographic information, age, sex, place of residence, clinical symptoms, history of food consumption, and the date of illness and referral to medical centers were analyzed using SPSS16 software, checking percentages and frequencies, chi-square and t-tests were investigated.

The percentage of female patients of this study was 51.1% and male was 48.9% with a mean age of 25.53± 21.36; 27.1% of patients were housewives and 94.3% were Iranians. 97.1% of patients, in addition to positive cultures, red blood cells were also reported in microscopic examination of their stool samples. . 23.26% of patients had fever, 19.86% had nausea and 16.99% had obvious bloody diarrhea. 26.88% of patients had a history of consuming vegetables and 94.1% of them referred to medical centers in the first three days to receive medical services. Furthermore, 45.5% of these patients were hospitalized and 54.5% were treated as outpatients and finally 100% of patients recovered.

Community education for food hygiene is one of the essential educational needs and also the development of vegetable preparation centers in the form of packaging and having a health code is one of the essential needs in terms of health and food security.

Natural and man-made disasters will have harmful impacts. Given the important role of healthcare centers in time of crisis, they need to be regularly assessed in terms of structural and non-structural readiness.

This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted on 22 urban and rural healthcare centers in Bojnord, a city in North Khorasan province, Iran. The relevant forms and checklists were completed through interviews with doctors, experts, and direct observation regarding functional, structural and non-structural documentation. After collecting data and completing the desired forms and checklists, the information obtained in all the centers was generally compared and evaluated.

Based on the results obtained from comprehensive urban and rural health service centers of Bojnoord Health Center, the level of functional readiness is 52.56, the safety of structural elements is 60%, the safety of non-structural elements is 57.32%, and the total safety is 57.71%. The disaster safety index is also 6 out of 10.

According to the current research, the readiness of healthcare centers for disasters is far from the desired level. This situation could be due to the lack of an integrated disaster risk management, insufficient budget and knowledge on this issue. In the field of disaster risk management, it is necessary to plan to increase the understanding of disaster risk at the level of officials and society.

This study has been conducted for three levels of impact energy (three Drop weight elevations). Sheets are made of st12, with dimensions of 230 * 220 mm and with thicknesses of 1 mm, 2 mm in length connected by bolts. The sheets are placed in a completely free manner on the fixture. The screws are made of a type of bolt Standard din933. In the experimental method, the picker acceleration has been measured by the accelerometer sensor and the permanent deformation of the sheet is measured at the end of the impact. The parameters to be evaluated include the impact acceleration on the sheet, the degree of permanent deformation and the energy absorption for the sheets. ABAQS finite element software has been used for numerical modeling. Comparing the results of experimental and numerical methods shows that these two research methods have close results. The results also show that energy absorption in sheets of one layer is greater than double-layered sheets, as well as acceleration in double-layered sheets more than sheets of one layer.

Bioterrorism is an important health issue worldwide and physicians play an important role in managing victims when such events occur. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the knowledge, attitude, practice and organizational readiness of physicians in dealing with bioterrorism attacks.

The present cross-sectional study was conducted among all 50 physicians working in Shemiranat health center in 2020. A researcher-made questionnaire including five sections: demographics, knowledge, attitude, performance, and organizational readiness was used. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by faculty members of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and its reliability was assessed through Cronbach's alpha test in four areas of knowledge, attitude, performance and organizational readiness. SPSS software version 21 was used for data analysis. Ethical considerations were observed in all stages of the study.

Knowledge of physicians in our study was desirable (94%) (the highest share: scope and nature of bioterrorism 70%). Most physicians showed a good and excellent attitude in dealing with bioterrorism attacks (maximum share: emotional domain 96%), and 94% of them reported good performance and at the same time found the necessary platform to deal with bioterrorism attacks. There was a statistically significant relationship between service performance (p= 0.031) and organizational readiness with age (p= 0.001).

The results of this study can be helpful in managing health managers in educational interventions in order to promote participation, performance and integration of frontline forces against bioterrorism in the community.

Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases that causes debilitating complications. Obesity control could be considered to prevent its complications. The aim ofthis study was to evaluate the factors related to body mass index of diabetic patients referred to the HAFT-E-Tir martyrs center in Firoozkooh.

All diabetic patients cared for in the mentioned center during 2016-2016 and wereregistered in the health system were included in the presentdescriptive-analytical study. Data were analyzedusing SPSS version 23 by chi-square test.Confidentiality of information and ethical issues were all considered in the implementation stages of study as well as in the publication of results.

Out of 242 diabetic patients studied, 63.6% were female and 36.4% were male.The mean age of patients was 58.2 years. About 50% (121 people) were obese and 33.9% (82 subject) were overweight. The rateof obesity was higher in women than men (53.9% vs. 43.2%). Only 21.9% (53 patients) had a history of diabetestheir families. There was no statistically significant relationship between body mass index variables andparticipants’ gender, age, family history,and duration of diabetes (p> 0.05).

Increasing body mass index is a predictor of diabetes in age groups and controlling obesity.Furthermore,overweight has a great role in controlling diabetes, so healthy diet training should be included in the care programs of these patients

In the study, bread salinity was measured in bakeries in Varamin and Pakdasht cities with Atago salinity meter and the results were compared by Mohr method.

Methods and material:

 In this study, 676 bread samples were measured for salinity Atago digital, and then the results were compared by the Mohr method. The ability to detect this salinity was also evaluated by the diagnostic value method. Then the indicators of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy ,and predictive value of the device were used. Ethical considerations were considered at all stages of the study.

Mean and standard deviation of bread salinity in Pakdasht city by Mohr method for Barbari, Taftoon, Sangak and Lavash bread 0.42± 0.51, 0.57± 0.58, 0.60± 0.45 and 0.53± 0.49 And the same values ​​according to the response of Atago salinity meter for Barbari, Taftoon, Sangak and Lavash breads: 0.42 ± 0.56, 0.43 ± 0.55, 0.44 ± 0.66, 0.61 ± 0.41 was obtained. Mean bread salinity in Varamin city by Mohr method for Barbari, Taftoon, Sangak and Lavash breads 0.80 ± 0.32, 0.81 ± 1.09, 0.82 ± 0.10 and 0.78 ± 0.98. Also according to the answer Atago salinity meter was obtained for Barbari, Taftoon, Sangak and Lavash breads: 0.56 ± 1.03, 0.58±0. 89, 0.85 ± 0.60 and 0.57 ±0.81. Sensitivity, specificity, ability to detect salinity cases above the standard, ability to detect salinity cases below the standard, positive and negative likelihood, respectively 80.35, 88.37, 77.97, 77.89, 6.91, 0.22 Percentage was calculated.

The ability of Atago salinity meter to detect cases below the standard is 80.35% and also to detect cases above the standard limit of 77.97%, so it can be considered as a suitable test.

Bioterrorism is an important health issue all overthe world. Rapid identification and preparation in dealing with bioterrorism attacks are the best methods of defense against bioterrorism. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the knowledgeand organizational readiness of health care providers in dealing with bioterrorist attacks.

This study was a cross-sectional study conducted by census and with the informed participation of all health care providers of Bukan health center with 105 people.In order to do the work, a researcher-made questionnaire was used in three sections: demographic, knowledge(16 questions) and organizational readiness (14 questions). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the faculty membersShahid Beheshti University, School of Public Health and Safety.Cronbach's alpha test was used to determinethe reliability of the questionnaire in two areas of knowledge and organizational readiness for 20 samples. Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire was (70.9% and 76.4%), respectively, and SPSS v. 21 software was used for data analysis.

Organizational readiness of health care providers in dealing with bioterrorismattacks was 23.6%. In addition, awareness of bioterrorismand biological defense was 89.5% with maximum score in fighting bioterrorism equal to 89.5% and minimum score in recognizing bioterrorism equal to 67.6%. There was a directand statistically significant relationship between awareness and work experience (p=0.022).

The results of the present study can be helpful in managing health policy makers in order to do educational interventions to promote participation in healthmanagement, performance and integration of front-line forces against bioterrorism in the community.

Steel sheets are used in various industries such as automotive, aerospace, and … . The issue of impact and penetration in steel sheets has been the main focus of many studies. In this study, Laboratory and numerical studies of flat and reinforced steel sheets by steel reinforcement have been performed under the of impact caused by free fall of the weights. Steel sheets used are steel St12. The material and thickness of the pendentive used are similar to the sheet and have a width of 2 cm. The parameters have evaluated include the amount of impact acceleration on the sheet, the rate of permanent deformation, and the amount of energy absorption for simple and reinforcer flat sheets. The numerical modeling of Abaqus finite element software is used. The results show that the use of reinforcer causes a slight increase in the acceleration of the sheet and a significant reduction in its permanent deformation.

 Bioterrorism is a global problem and its threat is increasing daily. Nurses have an important role in the management of victims during such incidents. Accordingly, this study was conducted to examine the organizational preparedness of nurses in dealing with bioterrorism attacks.

 The present study was conducted among 90 nurses working in hospital through a cross-sectional census in 2020. A researcher-made questionnaire including five parts: demographics awareness, attitude, performance, and organizational readiness was used. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by the faculty members of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha in four areas of knowledge, attitude, practice and organizational readiness. SPSS software version 21 was used for data analysis. Ethical considerations were observed in all stages of the study.

The results showed that the desired level of bioterrorism awareness among participants was 51.1% (the highest share, related to the field of bioterrorism control, was 56.7%). Most of the respondents (62.2%) had a good and excellent attitude in dealing with bioterrorism attacks (the largest share related to the emotional domain was 67.7%) and finally 94.4% of participants reported good performance. Approximately, 64.4% of nurses are prepared to deal with bioterrorist attacks. There was a statistically significant relationship between surveyed interviewees performance and their education level (p = 0.038).

Findings of our study showed an average level of nurse’s knowledge in dealing with bioterrorist attacks, which requires better and more appropriate planning of health managers to improve their awareness about bioterrorist crises.

Considering the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of first-line treatment staff, especially nurses, we aimed to compare fear of COVID-19, sleep disorders and sexual satisfaction of nurses working in COVID wards with nurses in non-hospitalized wards of these patients.

In this comparative study, Pittsburgh sleep disorders, Larson sexual satisfaction and Covid-19 fear questionnaires were completed by 160 nurses working in six hospitals in Tehran (80 nurses in Covid-19 and 80 nurses in non-Covid-19 wards). Data were analyzed by SPSS v. 25 software using Chi-square, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test and regression analyses. Ethics in research and confidentiality of information have been observed in this study.

Among nurses working in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 wards, 83.8% and 76.3% had sleep disorders, respectively. Out of a total of 79 married participants in the control and case groups, 88.1% and 94.6% reported high sexual satisfaction, respectively. The mean fear score of COVID-19 in the two groups of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 nurses was 20.01 ± 5.91 and 19.55 ± 6.29, respectively. There was no significant difference between the mean scores of sleep disorder, sexual satisfaction and fear of COVID-19 in the two groups (p > 0.05).

The lack of significant differences between nurses working in COVID wards and nurses working in non- COVID wards shows that both groups of nurses are at high risk of sleep disorders and fear of COVID-19. Based on these findings, timely intervention is necessary to promote the nurses’ mental health and prevent their dysfunction during the pandemic.

This investigation for all specimens the concrete with self-contact is used. The specimen has expanded metal sheets layers. The behavior of sheets is analyzed for specimens.  For experimental method the acceleration parameter are measured with the acceleration sensor. Drop hammer test machine had been used for experimental tests. For numerical method the ABAQUS software is used. Abaqus is used for dynamic test loading and it is suitable for dynamic loading. For the specimens with two and free fixed of area are investigated on experimentally. For the specimens with thin thickness the free fixed is used. The specimens without expanded metal sheet are collapsed under impact loading. The specimens with expanded metal sheet have a strong resistance for impact loading. The displacement of the specimens without expanded metal sheet is more than of the specimens with expanded metal sheet. Expanded metal sheets are simulated in the specimens with experimentally and numerically loading.

In this investigation, the Al sheet metals Al3105, Ck45 and St12 with layers under impact drop test free loading are tested experimentally and numerically. The sheets are tested with 3-layers under impact free loading numerically. for comparing, the experimental test is tested. The height is 12 cm with free impact loading. The dimention of specimens are 220*230 cm2. with screw the specimens are tied. The fixure are maded with steel and the specimens are fixed on the ficture freely. The screew has Din933 standard. The acceleration data are repoted with accelareation sensor. The deformation are reported with hammer test. Also with theoretical method, the shells are invetigated with the dynamic equations. For numerical modeling, the ABAQUS is used. The resualts are shown that two method are the same resulats. Also the resualts are shown that the energy absorption is more for Al3105-St12-Al3105 to other sheets. Also the acceleration is more for Ck45-St12-Ck45 to other sheets. The acceleration data are repoted with accelareation sensor. The deformation are reported with hammer test. Also with theoretical method, the shells are invetigated with the dynamic equations. For numerical modeling, the ABAQUS is used. The resualts are shown that two method are the same resulats. Also the resualts are shown that the energy absorption is more for Al3105-St12-Al3105 to other sheets. Also the acceleration is more for Ck45-St12-Ck45 to other sheets.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is alarmingly rising around the world. With the increasing prevalence of obesity, study of thyroid disorders, caused by an abnormal increase in the body mass index (BMI), is becoming more and more important. This study aimed to evaluate the association between increased BMI and thyroid hormones among Iranians participating in the Tehran Thyroid Study.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3079 female and 2274 male participants, who were categorized into two groups: one with abnormal BMI>25 kg/m2 and the other with normal BMI<25 kg/m2. Thyroid hormone levels were also evaluated and compared. The linear regression analysis and Spearmanchr('39')s coefficient test were used to determine the correlations between BMI and thyroid hormones. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were measured to study the impact of obesity on thyroid function.

BMI had a positive correlation with the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level (r=0.04, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.07; P<0.05) and a negative correlation with the free thyroxine (FT4) level (r=-0.18, 95% CI: -0.21, -0.16; P<0.05). Also, BMI above 25 kg/m2 was associated with a higher OR of clinical hypothyroidism (OR=1.71, CI: 1.04, 2.79; P<0.05). No significant association was observed between abnormal BMI and other thyroid dysfunctions. Also, no significant association was found between an abnormal increase in BMI and TPOAb positivity in the adjusted results.

This study showed that an abnormal increase in BMI was associated with altered thyroid functions. Consequently, weight control and reduction can be suggested to individuals with overweight and obesity to improve their thyroid function.

The nature of dynamic loading is different due to the high force in a few milliseconds with static loading. The amount of energy absorption and energy loss in composite materials is a suitable measurement to evaluate the performance against impact loads. On the other hand, the use of self-compacting composites due to its unique properties has attracted the attention of researchers. High compressive and tensile strength, high flexural strength, has attracted more attention from researchers to this kind of cement composites. In this research, in the form of a comprehensive laboratory work, using four basement mixing designs, 64 rectangular composite panels were constructed in two groups of 100*100 mm with four thicknesses of 30, 45, 60 and 75 mm and tested under dynamic loading. Tensile and flexural strength tests were made on all four mixing designs. Steel fibers with percentages of 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 with length of 25 mm were used for the construction of cement composites. The drop hammer test machine with weighs 180 kg and the power of 7500 J is used. According to laboratory results, the combined use of steel and fiber reinforced steel sheets increased the energy absorption considerably. Also, the initial peak force increased and the deformation length decreased.