حمید مقدسی

 Given the importance of medical information in improving the quality of medical treatment, the use of the hospital information system is effective.

 This descriptive study was of evaluation type and was conducted in 2021. The main criteria of hospital information systems were extracted from different articles. Subsequently, the most reliable ones were identified based on the opinion of 15 with using of Delphi technique and were included in a checklist as a criterion. This checklist became the basis for evaluating the Health Information System software.

 This study identified the most important features and services of hospital information systems as criteria and compared the existing hospital information systems in Iran, Tehran and Shahid Beheshti universities of medical sciences with these criteria. The results indicated that the companies producing HIS have obtained a score of 12.5% to 37.5% based on the features scale and 14% to 23% based on the services scale. The total score of the hospital information systems of the companies were 12.5% to 37.5% based on the scale of product of the features and services. Thus, the mentioned issues suggest that the acceptability score of the hospital information systems under study was lower than the average indicating that they lack the necessary features.

 The standard guideline of the Ministry of Health, used as a document to create HIS suffers from problems and does not meet the standards.

In recent decades, special attention has been paid to health culture research. However, the breadth of the subject and the variety of definitions made this article explain the concept of Iranian-Islamic health culture and introduce its components.

In mixed method review of national and international articles was done. By reviewing articles related to health culture, various definitions and topics were extracted. During 10 group discussion sessions with experts (scientific committee), the results of the review were discussed and opinions were shared. Upon analyzing the content of negotiations, going back and forth twice, the results were approved and finalized. The members of the scientific committee were tasked with rating the main topics on a scale from 1 to 10. Main topics were then sorted according to their highest scores. The main topics in order of priority are: “health culture requirements in education and training”, “promotion of health culture”, “healthy lifestyle with Islamic and Iranian model”, “principles, foundations, and values”, “strategic policy making in health culture”, “health system and health culture”, “patterns and role models in health”, “empiricism in culture and health culture building”,” health culture anomalies”, “research in culture and health culture building”.

A comprehensive definition of Iranian Islamic health culture was developed, and the components were classified into 10 main topics and 67 specific topics.

A precise definition of Iranian-Islamic health culture is essential for establishing a shared understanding of the topic. Furthermore, introducing the diverse aspects of health culture helps highlight its significance and generate discussions across various academic and non-academic levels.

Planning for the disabled ensures attention to their needs, the importance of providing for them, creating equal opportunities to achieve economic-social benefits, and generally eliminating health discrimination and achieving health justice.
"Development of a comprehensive care and support program for veterans and the disabled community of the country with the aim of improving their health and empowering them" as the third sub-policy of the eighth policy of the country's health system is emphasized by the Supreme Leader in 2013.

This study is of applied and qualitative type. To develop a program, in addition to studying the texts related to the current domestic and foreign situation regarding disabled people; Thirty people with different disabilities and twenty veterans were asked about their problems and wishes. Also, to obtain program components including strategies; Actions; the indicators, the duration of the program and the number of its phases were determined through the rain of thoughts and questions from fifteen experts with important management responsibilities in the field of rehabilitation.

The proposed program was designed in two three-year phases and includes 5 strategies and 24 measures. The strategies of the program include: being seen in the society, creating a network of disabled people's networks, using information and communication technology, community-oriented rehabilitation, and ensuring the implementation of laws and respect for the rights of the disabled.

Disabled people are very dear children of the society and should be given special attention in terms of support and empowerment. The existence of a support program for the underprivileged people of the country and its implementation as a stimulating and effective factor will provide the growth and excellence of the society and economic prosperity.

The Hospital Information System is a complete one to provide high-quality patient care and enhance community health, so it must be designed and produced accordingly. In this regard, the current research was carried out with the aim of providing the document of standards for producing Hospital Information System software for Iran. 

In this study, following extraction of the features and services of the Hospital Information System from the texts, they were matched with the generalities of the document of standards compiled by the Statistical Data Management and Information Technology Office of the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education (SDMITO). Also, the Hospital Information System was reviewed observationally, all defects of document of standards were identified, and the document was amended throughout. After providing the proposed document of standards, it was consulted by a group of experts, which included ten health information management professors, ten medical informatics professors (with at least seven years of experience as members of the academic staff), and five heads of the information technology field of the Ministry of Health. An agreement coefficient of 85% was considered to accept and approve the document of standards. After obtaining the agreement coefficient, The Hospital Information System software production document of standards was provided.

The document of standards provided for the production of Hospital Information System software includes the Hospital Information System design meta model, Hospital Information System subtypes, standards for the structure and content of Electronic Health Record, information terminology standards, data classification standards, security data standards, data exchange standards, clinical services, and management services, which were placed in the four areas of “features”, “services”, “documentation requirements” and “rules and policies”.                     

The application of this document of standards leads to the production of a higher quality, efficient, and standard Hospital Information System software, which is effective in improving the health level of society and provides the conditions for the implementation of Electronic Health Record.

In summary, this project was carried out in the following steps: reviewing the literature, determining the ethical and legal aspects of the implementation of the electronic health records, reviewing the existing laws and regulations in Iran, identifying the shortcomings and localizing the ethical and legal aspects of implementing electronic health records in Iran, and providing operational suggestions. By reviewing the literature, a list of ethical aspects of electronic health records was extracted and analyzed. Moreover, through reviewing the laws and regulations, it was shown that in the last decade, numerous and diverse laws have been passed in the field of electronic health, especially regarding electronic health records, and there is no serious legal gap in this field in the country. However, certain serious problems were observed including non-implementation or incomplete implementation of some existing laws and regulations, lack of sufficient technical and executive regulations and determining the examples of deviation from the goals of the laws and regulations or their correct implementation, and lack of implementation guarantee for some laws and regulations. Based on the studied documents, the current state of electronic health records in Iran was investigated from legal and ethical aspects, and operational suggestions were presented for its reformation and promotion.

The spread of the Corona virus and the crisis created in the world, and the need to use the electronic education method in such conditions, while responding to the educational needs of the medical community, is a new solution to adapt to the global educational changes, for the universities of medical sciences in Iran.This study has been conducted with the purpose of designing an electronic education model for Tehran medical sciences universities.

This study was conducted with a hybrid approach in 2021.Using open, central and selective coding and with the participation of 26 experts in the field of e-learning, an e-learning model was developed for the universities of medical sciences in Tehran. The normality of the data was determined by the KS test and the total Cronbach's alpha was calculated as 0.98, according to the calculations. For data analysis, descriptive statistics using SPSS 22 software, and structural equation modeling (confirmatory factor analysis) using LISREL 8.8 software were used.

The model was designed in 5 dimensions, 16 components and 162 indicators. The five dimensions include: Policy-Making dimension (including National and International components), Infrastructure dimension (including Technology, Support, Legal and Ethical, Education Research components), Structure dimension (including Management, Design, Implementation, Assessment components), Education dimension (including Clinical Education, Training Continuous, Health Education), and Resource dimension (including Financial, Human, Knowledge or Content components).

The results of the present study led to the design of an electronic education model in Tehran medical sciences universities, which can facilitate the movement of medical sciences universities, to achieve electronic education and its growth and development, so that, more effective steps could be taken in parallel with higher education programs in the field of health, to implement the transformation and innovation plan in medical science education.

Undoubtedly, in the age of information and data, the importance of databases is not hidden from anyone, that the use of this important need to comply with the ethical principles and human-oriented principle that everyone should adhere to, and in using the information, the utmost compliance with the principles and standards. They should pay attention to ethics and pay attention to it. The challenges that users face in the virtual space are not hidden from anyone, and this requires that solutions be considered for it. The purpose of the current research is to deduce the most important ethical challenges in the information age for users and better understanding of the relationships between those challenges and ethical theories in the field of information in virtual space for the users of this field, according to the ethical challenges and the foundations of ethical principles.

The current research is of a theoretical type and has been carried out using a descriptive-analytical method and a qualitative approach. The method of collecting information is a library and includes the identification and study of available scientific resources, including articles and books that are written in the field of ethics, computer ethics, global ethics, distance education system in the context of computer ethics and global ethics. Classification of information, analysis and interpretation of collected data and answers to research questions.

The research findings show. In the light of the progress of science and technology, it should be noted that information data is very important, and what seems to be more important is the ethics of information and how to use it correctly in cyberspace.

By being aware of the information challenges in the current century, we can solve the challenges in the information age with a rational-philosophical approach and with a thoughtful and realistic view, and by helping to expand the horizon of vision and improve the existing understanding between information data and the challenges we are facing, let's look at rational solutions to solve this problem.

Although e-health is a global phenomenon, but many countries around the world are still in the early stages of using e-health. The aim of this study was to provide a framework of strategic electronic health plan for the country.

The type of study is a qualitative-applied and the research community included the existing strategic plan and the frameworks provided by international organizations such as the World Health Organization, and ITU; and also, the country's top-level and strategic documents.
To obtain the proposed framework of the country's e-health strategic plan, which includes vision, dimensions; components; and indicators through data grounded theory; reviewing literature; and questioning of fifteen experts who had important responsibilities at the level of senior managers of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The questioning was performed two times: first through brainstorming to study their views on the vision of the eHealth strategic plan, and then using an open-ended questionnaire to collect their opinions about the subsets of the strategic plan, including dimensions; components; indicators.

Iran's e-health strategic plan should include three areas of prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. It seems that the most appropriate duration of the plan is five years. Formation of a surveillance committee with three working groups: strategic, stakeholder representatives, as well as consultants and experts with the specified tasks will ensure the success and continuity of the e-health strategic plan in the country.

Determining the e-health strategic plan for the country is one of the main necessities of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in order to reduce the financial burden of providing public health, especially by spreading the culture of self-care and health literacy, to make effective progress in achieving health justice.

After the establishment of the Integrated Health System (SIB) with the aim of collecting people's health information and creating an electronic health record for the general public, the necessity of evaluating users' views on its function, goals and characteristics doubled and the present study was carried out.

It was a descriptive research that was conducted on 30 experts of electronic health records (leaders) of medical sciences universities across the country. A cluster method was used for sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire made by the researcher, whose validity (reliability) was estimated to the extent of... and its index... It was measured through content validation and with...

Participants in the study were 46.7% women and 53.3% men.The results of the present study in the Application section ("has applications and full implemented " 65.1%, has applications and incomplete performance 27.08%,has applications and not implemented 1.56% and"not application" 2.07%),Objectives("infrastructure" and full implementation 43.7%,Incomplete implementation 42.3%, not implemented 2.7% and "no infrastructure" 9.01%)and Characteristics ("has characteristics "and full implementation 48.55%,has characteristics and incomplete implementation 35.24%,has characteristics not implemented 2.37% and "no characteristics" 13.81%).

From the point of view of the users, the system needs further development in terms of goals and features, so that by expanding it and creating the necessary infrastructure, the electronic health record can be formed for the general public. In the application section, this system was at a relatively acceptable level. Also, the educational field and work experience of the apple system experts are very important; Because the lack of familiarity of employees with international standards and inappropriate training of personnel leads to incorrect use of information, which as a result affects managerial and clinical decisions.

 The outbreak of coronavirus and the current crisis in the world, especially in Iran, has severely affected the health system and society in Iran. The disease, apart from the health system, has affected other areas, including the higher education system in the field of medical education. In such circumstances, changing the methods of education, and changing the attitude towards previous methods of education seems necessary.

 This study was conducted with a qualitative approach in 2021. The study has used the purposive sampling method and the type of snowball. In order to data acquisition, semi-structured interviews were used, with the participation of 26 Medical Education, Nursing Education and Education Management experts with scientific expertise and experience in the field of Electronic Education. In order to evaluate the accuracy and robustness of the data, they were used four criteria of credibility, confirmability, transferability and dependability Guba and Lincoln validation. Data were analyzed using Granheim and Lundman method.

 After the interview and the final conclusion and the approval of the experts, five dimensions: 1. Policy (including National and International components), 2-Infrastructure (including Technology, Support, Legal and Ethical, Education Research components), 3-Structure (including Management, Design, Implementation, Assessment components ), 4 - Training (including Clinical Education, Continuing Education, Health Education), 5- Resources (including Financial, Human, Knowledge or Content components) and 162 indicators were identified.

 The results of the present study, which resulted in identifying the dimensions and components of e-learning in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, can facilitate the path towards the implementation of the transformation and innovation plan in medical education, based on the higher education program in the field of health and taking effective steps to make the most of e-learning.

Today, the Hospital Information System (HIS) has become an essential part of the diagnostic and therapeutic processes of health care professionals. The Nutrition Decision Support System (NDSS) as a subsystem of HIS plays an important role in supporting clinical decision making and food policies.

The current study was cross-sectional and descriptive. The research population includes the nutrition information system of the HIS pertaining to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2021. The systems had been designed by Tirajeh Rayaneh Company, Rayavaran and Tarasheh Hushmand Novin. The data was collected using a checklist including 21 criteria that distributed among 20 nutritionists through visiting 19 affiliated hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. We used content validity and test-retest method for specifying validity and reliability of the checklist. Also, data analysis performed through using SPSS 19 software.

Findings indicated that the designed nutrition information systems did not have 80% of the main criteria including the ability to connect to the electronic medical record; the ability to provide warnings when drug-food interactions occur; and to provide food menus based on the patient’s treatment conditions.

Considering the importance of nutrition information system, it is necessary to equip our hospitals with this software system as a subsystem of HIS. The nutrition information system is a main solution to reduce and prevent patients’ exposure to nutritional problems and drug-food interactions. It causes to reduce medical errors and improve the quality of medical care.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mental health of primary school students in Corona pandemic with emphasis on health literacy. The research method is applied based on the purpose and based on the nature and method of the research, the quality is thematic analysis (content network) and cross-sectional in terms of data collection time. The statistical population includes all mothers with children in primary school living in Qom at the time of coronavirus outbreak. To determine the samples of this research, purposive sampling method and snowball method (up to theoretical saturation) have been used. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. Theme analysis or theme analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings from the interview were extracted and classified into 7 main themes and 25 sub-themes. The results of this study showed that the prevalence of Covid 19 disease with psychological problems such as (behavioral and emotional problems, self-regulation problems, anxiety and fear, problems related to coping and coping strategies, experience of misbehavior and emotional harassment, depressed mood and stress ) Has been associated with the children studied. The prevalence of coronavirus affects the mental health of children and its serious effects on various aspects of their personal, family, social, educational life are evident, and illiteracy is a threat to mental health and disrupts social health.

In this paper, a sliding mode controller with an adjustable reactive power reference value is proposed. To improve the performance of the controller in a steady-state, an Integral Sliding Mode Control is designed and used. In addition, to improve the low-voltage ride-through capability in the fault condition, a reactive power controller with an adjustable reference value is proposed. The performance of this control system, during the power track, is compared with two other control systems that have a fixed reference for reactive power and are based on SMC and PI controllers in 9 different fault modes. These 9 different modes include one-phase, two-phase, and three-phase short circuit faults in the sub-synchronous, synchronous, and super-synchronous mode of operation for DFIG. The proposed method has been implemented in Simulink/MATLAB software. The simulation results confirm the capability and effectiveness of the proposed control system in comparison with two other aforementioned control systems.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most important types of cancer in the world that often leads to death. Computer-aided diagnostic systems can play an important role in the early diagnosis of this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the proposed computer-aided diagnostic system on the accuracy of radiologist diagnosis in colorectalCT images.

A computer-aided diagnostic system based on MLP artificial neural network was developed to diagnose polyps in colorectal CT images. To validate the developed model, colorectal CT images of 35 patients of Loghman Hakim Hospital in Tehran and Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan were collected. These patients underwent colonography on the recommendation of their doctor and then underwent conventional colonoscopy due to the possibility of polyps. The results of the CTC-CAD method and the radiologist according to the Colonoscopy specialist opinion, participated in a Binominal statistical test to check the accuracy of diagnosis.

The result of p-value obtained from the binomial test comparing the correct diagnoses of CTC-CAD method and radiologist about the presence of polyps from Loghman Hakim and Alzahra hospitals were 0.001 and 0.02, respectively. In the binomial test comparing correct diagnoses, CTC-CAD and radiologist methods for the absence of polyps from Loghman Hakim and Alzahra hospitals were 0.262 and 0.367, respectively.

According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that CTC-CAD performed better in diagnosing the presence of polyps than the radiologist and in the absence of polyps compared to the radiologist.

In critical situations, the capacity of human thinking decreases, and lack of time aggravates the severity of the crisis. In such a situation, providing quality information is a hard task that would never accomplish undoubtedly without the help of information and communication technology. This study aims at reviewing how to prevent infodemic using information management and digital health.

To achieve this goal, the reports and suggestions of international organizations such as the World Health Organization, UNICEF, as well as the experiences of some countries in managing covid-19 were studied.

There is a framework that includes a five-step process for managing infodemic, which includes: identifying evidence, translating knowledge and science, amplifying action, quantifying impact, and coordination and governance. UNESCO, in particular, has tackled the spread of false information. Meanwhile, Countries have behaved differently in terms of controlling infodemic.

Gathering reliable information and identifying fake news, monitoring the activity and content of social media, educating people on how to use social media and avoiding spreading rumors, false information, and news, creating a system of collecting data from people, and distributing reliable information from the government (which is considered as a system of data exchange and reliable information) are among the important measures taken by the governments of successful countries in managing the crisis of Covid-19.

One of the main benefits of a national innovation system (NIS), in addition to ensuring sustainable development and economic growth; is the realization of scientific leadership in the desired areas of the society. The purpose of this study was to explain the role of the NIS in achieving scientific leadership.

The present study reviews that which has been done via published articles and books in the field of NIS and scientific leadership.

The components of an NIS system include: Innovative Firms, Suppliers and Competitors, Financial Organizations and Venture Capitalists, Customers, Education, Training and Research Bodies.

Innovative companies and education system (basic and higher) of a country are the most important pillars of an NIS that can realize the scientific leadership of a society.

 Parallel with the educational transformation and innovation plan in the health education system and the rapid developments in Information and Communication Technology, e-learning has been a challenge. The study endeavoured to design and validate the conceptual model of e-learning in universities of medical sciences in the years 2018-2019.

 In the qualitative phase of this mixed exploratory study, a total of 30 participants included university experts in the field of e-learning, were selected through snowball purposive sampling and in the quantitative phase, through a descriptive survey, a sample of 146 faculty members at Semnan University of Medical Sciences were selected. The instruments were semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire. In the qualitative phase, the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin was conducted in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. As to the quantitative phase, confirmatory factor analysis was employed.

 The conceptual model of e-learning in universities of medical sciences involved four significant dimensions: academic, spatial regions, national (macro) and international. Besides, 22 components and 222 indicators were extracted. In the quantitative phase, the results confirmed the good fit of the model. 

 To design a model of e-learning in universities of medical sciences, academic, spatial regions, national (macro), and international dimensions should be considered.

Simultaneously with the changes of techniques and skills, and the emergence of new phenomena in information communication technology, e- learning as a knowledge acquisition tool, rapidly is expanding, developing and evolving. On the other hand, due to environmental conditions and crises, the traditional education is encountered with serious threat, electronic (e)-learning is considered as a solution for the current challenge, but it is also an ideal opportunity for transforming the traditional training metho

The present research aimed to formulate a conceptual pattern for e - learning for universities of medical sciences. This study was a qualitative using a grounded theory approach. The study population included university experts and faculty members in the field of educational technology, distance learning and medical education. A total of 30 participants were selected for this study through purposive sampling, the data was collected through semi- structured interviews. The systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin was conducted in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The validity and reliability of the data were achieved through Lincoln and Guba criteria.

The results revealed that e-learning pattern for universities of medical sciences involved 4 main dimensions: academic, spatial regions, national (macro) and international. Also 22 components and 222 indicators have been extracted, and the final pattern was presented according to the mentioned factors.

According to the findings, it is hope that by applying this pattern to meet the new needs of education and e- learning and take an effective step towards developing the e- learning and realizing the transformation and innovation plan in medical education. However, decent and large- scale government investment is necessary from the infrastructure, legal and support perspective for e-learning according to global developments in the near future.

The World Bank in its 1994 study entitled "Higher Education: Lessons from Experience" states that universities are responsible for training future world leaders as well as creating and developing high-level technical capabilities for global economic growth. It declares that countries over the past two decades have invested heavily in universities and higher education institutions. However, in many developing countries we have seen a decline in the quality of higher education.Graduate education and its works are an important part of a continuous research process that helps us understand the world in which we live. Therefore, the students by participating in a social process not only make society aware of its complexities, issues, and beauties, but they also work individually to improve their lives by expanding insight and learning. The purpose of graduate education should be to train self-guided, challenging, seeking, and questioning individuals so that they can increase their goal-oriented and participatory spirit. Given the importance of graduate education and its graduates in the production of science and wealth for society, the present study was conducted by the Department of Basic Sciences of the Academy of Medical Sciences with the aim of examining the ability of educational groups to educate graduate students in medical universities over a seven-year period (1388 to 1395).

In this descriptive study, the main variable of the research was: the status of the departments with graduate courses, and the sub-variables were: the goals and organizational position of the educational department, the status of faculty members, the teaching and learning process, the status of facilities and the educational equipment of the faculty, the research projects and theses. Nine educational departments with graduate courses from each of the four universities of medical sciences, including: Shahid Beheshti, Iran, Mashhad, Tehran, a total of 36 departments were considered as the sample of study for the period 1388 to 1395.

The findings of this study indicate that in general, the situation of the universities under study is acceptable, but due to the facilities and budget that all of them have, they do not meet the expectations of the first-ranked universities. Totally, it seems that when the status of graduate courses in four first-ranked universities is less than 70%, we cannot expect more outputs from lower-ranked universities.

The Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education should seek basic solutions to improve the quality of graduate education in line with the mission of third and fourth generation universities.

The nephrology professionals who need quick access to information on dialysis are satisfied using dialysis information systems. The Dialysis Information System (DIS) is a Dialysis data management system that has been designed to improve the performance of the dialysis wards.
In this research ,data collection was done using a checklist and questionnaire .Then ,the data was obtained from the survey on the status of dialysis patients ’information system ,analyzed using descriptive statistics ,and presented in the form of research findings.
The research findings indicate that currently there is no computerized information system on integrated dialysis patients in our country and the existing information systems are often semi-mechanized.
According to the necessity ,importance ,and the application of information related to dialysis patients ,in order to avoid errors ,decision making on a better treatment plan ,and the performance that leads to better outcomes for patients ,implementing a comprehensive and integrated information system for dialysis can be an effective step towards organizing information on dialysis patients ,improving the quality of medical services provided to them ,and providing necessary preventive measures .Therefore ,it will ultimately lead to improved public health.

In some studies, the crucial role of information management in future of education and research in higher education has been emphasized. Educational data are significant for management goals at its macro level. This paper tries to explain the management structure of educational information at facilities of higher education of medical sciences in order to improve the information quality, obtain information, and promote the university management.
In this review paper, databases such as Noor, PubMed and Elsevier, both in Persian and English from 2000 to 2017, were investigated by searching some compound keywords including “information management” to retrieve the required resources and 87 related cases were categorized along with the printed sources. No limitations were applied in the selection of sources in terms of their types.
The most important findings are explained in the follows. Effective information management is a prerequisite for a continued social and economic development. Information management function is concerned in all aspects of managing information. Information and its management method should lead to the productivity of academic community. Information needs of Stakeholders must be met. Findings were categorized based on educational information management in university and three main subjects, as data collecting, processing and presentation.
In order to establish the three main steps of information management including the data collecting, processing and disseminating in universities of medical sciences, the necessary infrastructure should be made. Information systems and services should be designed, and redesigned to work based on a method that concentrates on user and tasks.

Improvements in immune-suppressing drugs have a short-term effect on kidney ýtransplants but do not have much long-term effect. In order to increase the duration of kidney ýtransplant survival, understanding the significant parameters is of great importance. This study aims to ýidentify key parameters (before the transplant occurs) which affect kidney transplant survival. ý
To conduct this review, the scientific databases was searched and more ýthan 200 related titles were retrieved; and the abstracts were reviewed to determine which studies ýwere relevant to the study. The literature analysis was based on the goals of the studies themselves, ýthe number of citations, and the reliability of the sources cited. Ultimately, 60 studies included for ýfurther analysis. ý
Based on the frequency of each parameter which influenced graft survival, the following ýparameters were determined to have higher frequencies compared to other parameters, with regards to ýsurvival time of the kidney transplant: the ages of the donor and recipient, socioeconomic status, ýimmune-suppressing drugs, HLA matching, time on the waiting list, live or deceased donor, the decade ýin which the operation occurred, cold ischemia time, and reaction to antibiotics. ý
The influence of some of the kidney transplant survival parameters was acknowledged in ýthe majority of studies; however, some parameters have been the subject of disagreement among ýstudies. In order to resolve this issue, we suggest a search of international data and meta-analysis of ýcurrent literature to better understand the parameters of kidney transplant survival.ý Keywords: Kidney transplant, Kidney transplant survival, Factors affecting kidney transplant ýsurvival.ý