خدیجه ذوالقدر

One of the common phenomena in recent years in Iranian society, examined in this article, is the "Arbaeen Walking Rituals." The aim of the present study is to understand the ideas that pilgrims construct for themselves through these rituals. This qualitative research is based on Grounded Theory. The informants of this study were 49 pilgrims participating in these rituals from various cities across Iran. The main findings revealed that the causal conditions affecting the occurrence of the phenomenon of "Arbaeen Walking Rituals" include: desire for religion and expression of Shiite solidarity; contextual conditions: religious concerns and the attractiveness of the destination; intervening conditions: political factors and propagation; strategies of pilgrims: self-restraint and gaining trust; and outcomes: Iran's power display, religious reproduction, and the development of origin and destination, which are depicted in a paradigmatic model. The findings of this study led to the discovery of a theory entitled "Political Will as a Sufficient Condition."

Marriage is a key element in the institution of the family and consequently the social structure of society. Having knowledge in this area helps the policy makers to know the attitudes and ideas of the society and plan accordingly. The objective of this research, is to extract the attitudes and demands of the cultural components of "marriage" and finally interpreted them. The research method is qualitative content analysis and universe were all persian speaking tweets in X social network from Sept. 2021 till Mar. 2022. Results show that people's attitude towards marriage is close to Bauman fluid relations theory as well as Sarukhani's theory of personalization. In the marriage, people have their own opinions and don't follow grand narratives. On the other hand, individualized, and the personalization of marriage, can expel the family from a social institution with the emotional and survival functions; and endanger the health of society.

Arbaeen walking rituals is one of the phenomena that has become widespread in the last decades after the extensive support and propaganda of government institutions. The main goal of this article is to discover the consequences of this phenomenon.

This research was conducted using Grounded Theory strategy and 49 Iranian pilgrims who marched in Arbaeen rituals were interviewed.

Finally, 26 appearance concepts and 10 categories were classified in the results section. 

According to the results of the research, the consequences of the walking rituals are as follows: the display of Iran's political power/defective governance/future challenges/behind the scenes challenges/reproduction of religion/change of religious lifestyle/expansion of social tolerance/personalization of religion/rethinking rituals/and development of origin and destination. As a result of these rituals, despite the positive consequences, it will require challenges at the origin and destination.

Freedom of expression and freedom of thought have always been fundamental concepts in human life and The production of science is also one of the indicators of progress in the world, The Seat of Freedom of Thought on Ayatollah Khamenei's Strategic Plans and In order to create and maintain a critical spirit, dialogue and production are science and enlightenment. The seats are a program of expressing opinions and dialogue among the university community, which was launched on his recommendation in response to a letter from a group of Ahl al-Qalam residents Of course, to date, based on the available statistics and re-demanding its origin in different meetings, it has not yet reached its effective position.In this research, the data of the foundation and by conducting twenty-five in-depth and semi-structured interviews and analyzing it through coding, we have achieved the model of non-development of free-thinking seats and examined the strategic requirements for development in this regard. The results of the study after categorizing the categories into political, cultural, social and structural dimensions of model drawing The barriers to the development of seats indicate the importance of issues related to political and cultural dimensions, and strategies such as compiling an upstream document, creating a correct model and feeling of immunity in expressing opinions in seats seems necessary to promote the quality and quantity of seats.

From a sociological point of view, the family is the most basic social institution that plays a significant role in shaping the macro structure of society and increasing its productivity. They know adaptability and state that "one of the most important results of socialization is the creation of individual personality and relatively fixed patterns of thought, feeling and action, which are all the characteristics of a person". Therefore, the importance of addressing the issue of "family consolidation" is rooted in the importance of the family institution. The sacred institution of the family is the fundamental pillar of human society and the bearer of various cultures, to the extent that the prosperity and misfortune of nations depends on the wisdom and error of the family. Therefore, thinkers of human sciences have addressed family issues in their specialized fields with different approaches and explained the factors that create them from a specific analytical perspective. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cultural and psycho-social factors related to the consolidation of the family foundation from the perspective of family court experts and police force advisors of Zanjan city, through a questionnaire with the Delphi technique and in-depth interviews with semi-structured sampling, as well as with Collection of library and field information was done. The results of the findings indicate that: according to experts, cultural factors have the first priority over social factors in strengthening the family foundation.

Religion provides a set of elements for an orderly and sacred understanding of the world. After many years of shadowing religion in human life, in the modern era, some people believe that religion has become less prominent in people's lives, and others point to the emergence of new styles of religiosity. In any case, religion plays a prominent role in the individual and social life of people and deserves attention. In the current research, he studied the types of religiosity of female students in the city of Tehran, and for this purpose, qualitative approach and phenomenological method were used. According to the tradition of phenomenology, sampling was done in a targeted way and among the students born in the fifties and sixties of Islamic Azad Universities in Tehran, and finally the number of samples reached fifteen people. The data collection tool was the interview, which continued until theoretical saturation was reached. By analyzing the interviews based on the three main pillars of religiosity, i.e., religious beliefs and beliefs, religious actions, religious emotions and feelings, four types of religiosity were obtained, which were: Sharia-ritualistic, emotional-semantic, self-referential, and moralistic religiosity. The diversity of these types of religiosity shows that the religiosity of women in today's Iranian society has undergone a transformation. These changes resulting from the personalization of religion and the developments affected by modernity have introduced different types of religiosity from the past that can have an impact on the formation of the cognitive, ideological and social order of the society. have a lot

Throughout human life, security is considered one of the main human needs and its importance has increased in the modern era to such an extent that according to some experts, the special and unique work of governments in today's modern world is to establish Security is due to the importance of security and the feeling of security, the present research has investigated the level of feeling of social security and the recognition of the most important factors related to it.

This research was conducted by survey method and using questionnaire technique. The statistical population of the research is all young people aged 20-35 living in Tabriz city, and the sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula of 400 people. They were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method.

The data analysis indicated that, if communication and information technology is used correctly, it can be used as an empowerment tool for the development of more comprehensive social security. The correlation coefficient between the amount of use of information technology with the social security feeling variable is equal to (0.115) and its significance level is (0.021), which indicates that there is a significant and direct relationship between the two variables. Among the dimensions of feeling of social security, the lowest feeling of security is related to the dimension of moral security and the highest feeling of security is related to the dimension of personal security.

The findings indicated that there was a significant and direct relationship between the amount of information technology use and the feeling of social security.

The study is conducted with the aim of studying the redefinition of religion in the everyday life experience of women in Tehran. For this purpose, qualitative approach and grounded theory method were used. Sampling was done in a targeted way and among the students born in the 50s and 60s of Islamic Azad Universities in Tehran. The data were analyzed at three levels of open, central and selective coding. The paradigm model resulting from the core categories also showed that the causal conditions for the phenomenon of redefinition of religion were the media's role in confronting religion, questioning personal experiences of religion, and the role of education in creating a new attitude towards religion. The results confirm that the religiosity of women has undergone many changes that it is necessary to pay attention to it in policy-making.

The present study explores the narrative put forth by the Iranian cinema about social harms during the 70s in Iran through analyzing two films in particular "Two Women" and "Under the Skin of the City." The research method of this study is of descriptive-exploratory type, seeking to offer a thick description of the phenomenon under investigation. The study draws on discourse analysis method to analyze the data. To this aim, the films under discussion were categorized into genres or linguistic functions utilizing Ruth Wodak's discourse analysis method. Within each linguistic function, we addressed and answered seven key questions based on Paul Gee's discourse analysis method. The conclusion furnishes an account of social harms depicted in the movies "Two Women" and "Under the Skin of the City" based on the context and conditions of Iranian society throughout the 1990s.The findings of this research indicate that the films from the 70s address various social issues. These issues include the confrontation of two discourses of traditional and modern, resistance of the patriarchal discourse against the discourse of enlightened women advocating for social freedoms, the existence of a class divide between the affluent and the poor in society and more.

This research focuses on the narration of social harms within the Iranian contemporary cinema (in 40s to 80s).The research methodology used here is of qualitative nature and an exploratory research that uses a Thick depiction of the phenomenon being studied. Data gathering and sampling is based on a targeted qualitative approach. Therefore, movies produced since 40s to 80s which showcase social problems and harms are targeted and in each decade 10 films with using targeted sampling are chosen as examples.In order to break down and analyze the data’s using discourse analysis method of “Ruth Wodak” and “Paul Gee” each film is divided to different language genres and 7 questions that Paul Gee has brought up for discourse analysis are answered. And also for each film an analyze is presented and social harms which are mentioned in each film are separately written in a different chart.The most important finding of this research is that Iranian cinema (since 40s to 80s) has depicted varying narrations of social harms based on the economical, social, political and cultural setting of the society.

The present study examines the level of social security and recognizes the most important factors related to it. This research is of an applied type with an explanatory purpose and the research method is survey and a questionnaire tool has been used to collect data. research sample was 400 young people aged 20-35 years old living in Tabriz who were selected by multistage cluster sampling. According to the results, the average sense of social security of men was 102.10 and women was 86.9. Findings of the study indicate that there is a significant and direct relationship between social order and the feeling of social security, as well as a significant and direct relationship between social capital with the feeling of social security and the use of information technology with a sense of social security. There was no significant relationship between social participation and the feeling of social security. There was no significant difference in the mean index of social security in terms of education level, marital status and social class. There was a significant difference in the average sense of social security according to the gender of the respondents. So that the average feeling of security of men was higher than women. There was also no significant relationship between income and the feeling of social security. respectively, have remained in the model and the other variables have been left out of the equation. . In total, these variables were able to explain 58.8% of the changes in the dependent variable.

Considering that the family is one of the most important pillars of Iranian social society, in recent decades it has undergone various challenges and developments that cause new damage and face the crisis of the family foundation. Efforts to strengthen families are one of the most important issues in a changing world. The balance and strength of the family requires that its constituent members perform their roles, duties and functions correctly and completely, and it is necessary to formulate and implement appropriate policies and guidelines to strengthen the foundation of families. The aim of this study is to analyze and interpret sociologically the factors and barriers to strengthening the family foundation from the perspective of experts and those who refer to the family court of Zanjan city through a questionnaire with Delphi technique and in-depth interview with semi-structured sampling, and survey method with sample Possible random sampling was performed by collecting library and field information. The results indicate that: According to experts, emotional factors, belief factors, cultural factors, economic factors, social factors, as well as belief barriers, emotional barriers, social barriers, economic barriers and cultural barriers in strengthening the foundation, respectively. Families are effective. There is also a direct and significant relationship between gender, how to choose a spouse, couple satisfaction, joint efforts in family affairs, solidarity of family members, the level of trust between family members and the level of family life skills and strengthening the family foundation.

Women are the foundation of the health of families and communities, and women are of special importance in ensuring and maintaining the health of the family and society. According to the World Health Organization, enjoying the highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental right of every individual, and many women are deprived of this fundamental right. Women must maintain and improve their health and well-being in order to play their caring role effectively. Health-promoting behaviors are one of the major determinants of health. The purpose of this article is to meta-analyze the social health of women heads of households and non-heads of households and the impact of social support on their health. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection, it is a descriptive survey. The statistical population studied in this study includes 400 women in Mashhad (200 supervisors and 200 non-supervisors) who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and the required data were modified by two Keys social health questionnaires. A researcher-made social support questionnaire was also collected by the researcher. The validity of the instrument used is the validity of the content, and the validity of the instrument is also obtained by the reliability of the internal consistency of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient method. Findings indicate that the average social health among non-head women in Mashhad is higher than women heads of households. Also, social support and its four dimensions in the group of non-caregivers are significantly different from women caregivers. In such a way that unmarried women have more social support.

In the modern world, various movements under the name of women and for women are active all around the world, which have motivated international institutions and intellectuals to support and rebuild women’s status in social life. The output and product of these movements are international documents and commitments on women that have imposed requirements on governments and nations. One of the most crucial of these documents is the “Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women”, the evaluation and rethinking of which is of fundamental and strategic significance and places a responsibility on individuals and institutions. Therefore, focusing on prohibitions and sanctions is not a way forward and it is essential to provide alternative solutions and models in this regard. The present research, using the descriptive-analytical method, has provided a sociological explication of the reasons for the Islamic Republic of Iran’s forbearance and refusal to accept the provisions of the Women’ s Convention. According to the results of the research, considering that the laws and regulations of each country are the manifestation and application of the fundamentals and principles governing that society and that the intellectual fundamentals governing Western countries and international organizations are based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the full similarity and equality between men and women’s rights, the introduction and provisions of the Women’s Convention are also founded upon this attitude and remarkably different from the intellectual fundamentals and principles governing Islamic countries. Furthermore, the indicators of women’s development in various areas, such as educational, instructional, economic, and social ones reveal that the Islamic Republic of Iran has achieved a local model without the need for Western development indicators for women’s advancement in various fields.

Activity in virtual spaces is on the rise and have substantial impact on family performance. This study aimed to study and reviewing of the impact of presence and activity in virtual spaces on conducting family roles.

This study was a correlational – descriptive design. The study population was consisted of all married teachers of Tehran city (district 2) in 2018. 343 married teachers were selected by cluster sampling methods in this research. Instruments for gathering data were the family functioning questionnaire (Epstein, Baldwin & Bishop, 1983) and researcher-made questionnaire for presence and activity in virtual spaces. Data were analyzed using SPSS.v21 software and statistical tests such as regression analysis.

The results of analysis showed that presence and activity in virtual spaces has negative impact on parent’s problem solving, roles, affective involvement, behavior control, general functioning and total score of family functioning scale. But, presence and activity in virtual spaces has not impact on dimension of communication and affective responsiveness.

With regards to findings, it seems that parent’s presence and activity in vitrul spaces has important role on their family functioning. Applying the findings was discussed theoretical and practical.

Women's social health is one of the most important issues affecting women's mental and physical health. But the key question is whether there is a difference between the social health status of female and non-female caregivers. And do social supports (emotional, informational, instrumental, and evaluative) affect women's social health?

To compare the effect of social support on the social health of female and non-guardian households.

The study was a survey. The statistical population consisted of all women heads of holy city who were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The tools are: Keys Social Health Questionnaire (2004) and Researcher-Made Social Support Questionnaire (1398). The results were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient.

All dimensions of social health except social cohesion were above average. Among the dimensions of social support, emotional and instrumental support were above average and evaluative and informational support were below average. There was a significant relationship between variables of social support (and its four dimensions), age and education with social health of women in Mashhad (p<0/05). Education with the variables of women's social health confirmed that 47% of the variables of women's social health in Mashhad were explained by social support and education variables.

Social support had an impact on women's social health.

The present study focuses on the evaluation and critical reviewing of equivalence translation process and output. The choices of equivalents were examined by Fairclough’s model (2011) of critical discourse analysis.
According to this model, interpretation and explanation of socio – cultural, socio – historical and situational context as macrostructures which examine everything about texts are complementary pairs for descriptive analysis which examine everything in texts as microstructures. To clarify the discussion, translated texts (Meta texts) are analyzed and compared with their source texts (Proto text). The results indicated that in order to find a framework for equivalence; there is a significant need for discursive features which are partly critical and partly descriptive (semantic) as units for translation criticism. These discursive components in translation process have been coined in this study as “CRISEME”.