دامون رزمجویی

Haplophyllum tuberculatum is a valuable medicinal plant containing various chemical compounds that have various medicinal and industrial uses. It grows in the habitats of Iran, including the south and west of Iran. In this research, the impact of some soil and climate factors was evaluated on the performance and chemical compounds in essential oils in different phenological stages. Some of these compounds were reported for the first time. In order to determine the constituents of the essential oil, the aerial parts of the plant were specifically collected at different stages of the phenology and dried under environmental conditions. The variables used include soil, climate, physiography and essential oil compounds in different regions. A total of 38 types of chemical compounds of plant essential oil were identified in Khuzestan, Bushehr and Kohgiluyeh provinces and were identified in different phenological stages. The results of PCA showed that the composition of β-phellandrene and bornyl acetate were influenced by the organic matter and number of frost days. The most important components of the essential oil were identified as p-simene, beta-phlandrene, linanol, bornyl acetate, n-hexadecanoic acid, (E) 9-octadecanoic acid and n-pentacosane. A total of 38 types of chemical compounds of plant essential oil were identified in the habitats and were identified in different phenological stages. The results showed that the highest percentage of essential oil yield was related to the vegetative stage and in Gachsaran region. Amount of organic compounds were higher in the vegetative stage compared to the flowering stage, and the percentage of major compounds showed significant differences in different habitats and was higher in the flowering stage. According to the results, the most suitable habitats with the highest yield and quality of essential oil are in the Gachsaran and Ramhormoz regions, respectively, and environmental factors such as soil organic matter and temperature stress play an important role in the composition of essential oils in the habitats, which can be used to select suitable habitats and ecotypes for managing exploitation, plant breeding and production.

The maritime industry, Similar to many other sectors, is adopting Industry 4.0. The implementation of Industry 4.0 presents significant advantages to the marine industry including, creating new value, fostering cooperation between port actors, and reducing operational costs. This paper analyzes the most intellectual structure of Industry 4.0 and maritime research. To identify the main clusters of this research, a document co-citation analysis was applied. Furthermore, the trend of total publications, the most cited authors, Geographical distribution, and cooperation of countries of this domain was analyzed with the help of CiteSpace and Histcite Software packages. The data collected for bibliometric analysis were collected from the web of Science from 2011 to 2021. The results reveal that the number of publications in Maritime 4.0 has significantly increased since 2011 and will continue to grow rapidly in the next few years. Regarding the Geographical Distribution of Publications in the research domain, such publications primarily originate from People R China, the USA, and Italy. According to document co-citation analysis, Digitalization, Artificial intelligence, and Blockchain are the most active clusters of maritime 4.0 research.

Port operation and cargo handling process involves integrated activities in which any delay or stoppage results in a bottleneck in the port process. This in turn leads to a dramatic escalation in ship and cargo dwell times at anchorage, seaport terminals, or exit gates. Increasing cargo dwell time not only depreciates port equipment but also decreases port efficiency dramatically. The objective of this paper is to develop a modeling approach using the concept of System Dynamics (SD) to simulate variables affecting inventory optimization at Emam Khomeini seaports. To find proper actions by which seaports can optimize the inventory, dynamic of various variables such as dwell time, and the number of human resources and equipment simulated during 2006 to 2031. The overall results show that warehouse traffic is highly sensitive to cargo dwell time, while this is less for the quay inventory variable. The analysis shows that the 30% reduction of cargo dwell time in inventory fluctuations is much more than the 30% increase in the workforce. One solution could be increasing storage area which, apart from being a very expensive investment, maybe not be feasible due to space limitations. Consequently, terminal operators are trying to decrease average dwell time. In order to do so, the main factors which influence the number of days a container stays in the terminal need to be determined.

Information related to the use of medicinal plants has been passed down from one generation to another for many years, leading to the establishment of an important field called ethnobotany or herbal ethnography. To date, no research has been conducted to investigate the ethnobotanical medicinal plants of the indigenous people of Ilam to identify medicinal plants effective on kidney stones.

The current study is a cross-sectional ethnobotanical study between April 2023 and November 2023 in Ilam city. Collection of traditional therapeutic information about plants effective on kidney stones (kidney pain) was conducted through an ethnobotanical questionnaire. The individual conducting the inquiry personally carried out interviews by visiting each and every herbal store (Attari) in the city of Ilam. To analyze the data obtained from the interviews, indicators such as the usage report index (UR) and the quantitative index of the relative frequency of registration (RFC) were used to obtain quantitative information.

According to the results, 52% of the participants in the study were male herbalistsand 48% were female. Approximately, 60% of the herbalists had a bachelor's degree, and 60% were Kurds. In Ilam city, 16 plant species from 14 plant families are used to treat kidney pain caused by kidney stones. Alfalfa, corn, Iranian scurvy, prickly pear, three-color marshmallow, tangerine, Japanese parsnip, spectacular artichoke, andole, black seed, Abu Jahl watermelon, murtlekh, desert ivy, two branched horses, yarrow, small-seeded cherry, chicory, fig and Desert monkey flower is one of the most important medicinal plants that are used in the ethnobotany of Ilam city to treat kidney stones.

The findings derived from this research not only preserve the ethnic knowledge related to medicinal plants in the region but also open avenues for further studies aimed at treating kidney stones with these identified plants, potentially leading to the development of effective and safe herbal remedies for this condition.

This research surveys Khorramshahr port solutions about empty container crisis and identifies reasons for adopting strategies and effective factors on it. At first, the researcher attended the Khorramshar container terminal while observed empty container management procedure and interviewing with responsible persons of  Khorrmshahr container terminal and container shipping company Hoopad Darya. During the interviews, the researcher could find information about possible solutions for empty container management. After detecting possible management strategies for decreasing amount of empty container movements and it’s costs, strategies prioritized by aid of industry experts and using AHP method. Finally, the amount of export and trade imbalances recognized as the important factors for accumulation of empty containers. This research based on objective is an applied research and based on nature is mixed research. The results of research shows that the best way of empty container management is creating private yards outside Khorramshahr areas and completing dry port and land transportation of empty containers to Immam Khomayni port. Final part of research is offering applied suggestions.

Ducrosia anethifolia DC. Boiss, which belongs to the Apiaceae family, is a biennial plant, stable, dull green or bluish in color, with a height of about 10-30 cm, which is branched and withot fluff in the lower part. This plant has been used in Iranian traditional medicine to relieve pain and relieve inflammation, and its antimicrobial effects against Gram-positive bacteria, yeasts, and some dermatophytes have been reported. In the present study the In-Vitro scolicidal activity of essential oils of Ducrosia anethifolia DC. Boiss on hydatid cyst protoscoleces was investigated.

In the present experimental study was conducted in 2021 on infected sheep cysts collected from Yasuj slaughterhouse. Ducrosia anethifolia DC. Boiss essential oil were obtained and processed in the Medicinal Plants Research Center of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences laboratory. Moreover, the major compounds of plants' essential oils was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. At that point, the in-vitro protoscolicidal percentage of essential oil of Ducrosia anethifolia DC. Boiss concentrations 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, and 0.625 mg/ml in durations of 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes was determined. The collected data analyzed using SPSS software version 21 through descriptive and analysis of variance with repeated measurement as inferential statistics with a 95% confidence level.

The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry performed on Ducrosia anethifolia DC. Boiss essential oil indicated that among the major compounds in the above-mentioned plant essential oil, the most compounds were Decanal, Dodecanal, α-pinene and (2E)-Dodecenal.. The results demonstrated that the highest effective concentration for Ducrosia anethifolia DC. Boiss essential oil was 1.25 mg/ml, which caused 100% death of protoscoleces in 5 minutes (p< 0.05).

Ducrosia anethifolia DC. Boiss essential oil has a strong scolicidal effect and if the results of this study are confirmed in future in-vivo studies and its non-toxicity is ensured, it can be used as a protoscolexicidal substance.

An industry 4.0 concept has received global concern as a research focus in recent years. Following an increasing interest in the area that merges digital /industry 4.0 technologies in the maritime field, this paper aims to identify the technologies of industry 4.0 and find out how they are connected in the maritime domain. To do this a bibliometric analysis of keyword co-occurrence was applied in this paper. VOSviewer software package was adopted as a bibliometric analysis tool and the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database was used as the primary source for data collection. The research population consists of scientific products indexed in the WebScience database from the period of 2000 to 2021. The findings indicate that industry 4.0 is a new concept in the maritime domain. Furthermore, among industry 4.0 technologies big data and artificial intelligence had been widely studied keywords in the maritime context. While this research didn’t provide strong evidence for the emergence of 3D printing in the maritime domain which requires further research.

The purpose of this study is to study previous and current studies on the subject of green ports and green marine logistics in order to study and rank the factors affecting the transformation of Imam Khomeini port into a green port, which lasted from October 2017 to September 2016. This research is a descriptive-survey research and using a hierarchical analysis model, the factors affecting the transformation of Imam Khomeini port into a green port have been ranked. This study examines the greening of the world's ports and how to implement their proposed solutions in Imam Khomeini port. By conducting this research, it became clear that by using the strategy of involving actors in the maritime industry in a fully operational way and not only in theory in the discussion of port greening, the infrastructure of the greening project in Imam Khomeini port can be done. As a result, among the main factors, internal factors with a relative weight of 0.771 are recognized as having the first priority. The sub-factor of coastal power supply to vessels with a relative weight of 0.271 is known as the first priority among the sub-factors of internal and the sub-factor of the speed of vessels with a relative weight of 0.326 among the sub-factors of externality.

Ports in order to increase income and prosperity looking to create attractions and incentives to attract shippers and ship owners. Port in a geographic area has the potential for development can play a central role or hub port compared to other competitors, and attract more goods and thus better economic situation. Increased competition to attract companies and ships in the Persian Gulf ports of Jebel Ali and surveying the challenges and factors affecting hub ports are necessary southern Iran.The first three southern port of Chabahar, martyr Rajai and Imam Khomeini, the hub of the five main indicator of geographic location, operations, Hinterland, economic and customs using multi-criteria analysis, AHP model were compared and prioritized. The results of the analysis shows that the indicators, factors related to the geographical location of the 50.7% and 5.6% respectively, the highest and lowest priority customs and the best port, Port martyr Rajai weighing 64.6% of the greater importance of the hub is entitled to two ports.The second section examines the significance of each of the factors affecting the martyr Rajai Port Hub latest deals. Statistical information for the analysis and testing hypotheses from binomial test was used and the application spss16. The results show that the port services, port location, Infrastructure and superstructure and speed Customs the most effective and the least impact on the dry port hub is the latest martyr Rajai port.

Oliveria decumbens Vent is a medicinal plant belongs to the Umbelliferae family. According to the Iran traditional medicine comments this plant is used for the treat of indigestion, diarrhea, relieve fever and infectious diseases. In this research, effects of climate factors, soil and the elevation above sea level were tested on the chemical compounds of O. decumbens. To this, the flowering branches of O. decumbens were taken from 1600-2200 a.s.l. in the Mamassani County in May and air dried. The Clevenger apparatus extraction was used to extract the essence. The chemical compounds were identified using GC and GC/MS and the effect of studied parameters on chemical components were determined. Our result indicated that, there are 13, 16 and 11 chemical compounds in Doshman Ziari, Bavan and Koupen sites, respectively. p-cymene γ-terpinene، thymol and myristicin identified as the main compounds of studied sites. There was significant correlation between the annual precipitation and e elevation above sea level with the essence percentage and chemical compounds of O. decumbens . Furthermore, soil electrical conductivity, acidity and nitrogen had positive significant correlation (p < 0.05) with the percentage of essential oil.

Narcissus family plants are important in addition to their ornamental value in terms of aromatic and medicinal compounds. The present study was conducted to investigate the quantitative and qualitative properties of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of four genotypes of Narcissus with the local name: Shahla, Meskin, Shasteper and Panjeh gorbeie in two phenological stages (beginning and end of harvest season).

For this purpose, after collecting plant materials in the natural habitats of Behbahan, drying and cold extraction were done. In this experimental study, the phytochemical study of the plant was first performed, then the total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were measured by spectrophotometric method. Finally, the antioxidant activity of the extract at different concentrations was determined using DPPH assay.

The results showed that the extract yield in the sample of Maskin was more than the other samples at the beginning of harvest season. Also, compounds such as tannin and alkaloids were observed in some samples, that, varied in different these genotypes. The high percentage of DPPH inhibition is also confirmed the high antioxidant properties of these genotypes, although the three genotypes had the same degree of DPPH inhibition level, but the highest antioxidant activity is related to Meshkin with inhibitory percent 72.93 and the least anti-oxidant property related to Shahla with an inhibition rate of 91.895. According to the results, Maskin and Shahla genotypes showed the highest and least antioxidant properties, respectively.

The results of this study indicate that there is a significant difference in the composition and percentage of inhibition of DPPH free radicals in the extract of various nursery plants, which has not been reported for this plant in scientific sources.

The deployment of value-added services can be very effective in achieving a vision in order to facilitate the strategic decisions of ports. This research is based on empirical studies with a critical and descriptive realistic approach using case studies from Iranian ports. It aims to explore the potential contribution of value added services in ports as a logistical strategy for increasing competition. The lack of research on the provision of value-added services in marine logistics and its potential, as a competitive advantage is analysed from the point of view of port users. The results indicate that value-added services that are easily accessible and presented, are the provision of transportation services, warehousing services, fresh water supply services, refrigerated services, and product assembly sites. Based on the assumptions made in this article, the provision of value-added services has contributed to attract and keep port users (customers), and the conclusion is made on the validity of this claim.

The aim of this article is to measure the impact of main factors affecting the reduction of discharge and loading performance compared to dry bulk discharge and loading in terminal of Imam Khomeini Port. For this purpose, the actual data presented in Imam Khomeini Port for discharging and loading statistics and library documented data were used. In order to answer the research questions, multiple regression method was used applying STATA14 software. According to the first model results, variables such as displacement of labour equipment, technical defect of ship equipment and delay in the separation had significant effect on loading rate via an indirect Chanel. Also, based on the second model results, independent variables such as displacement of labor equipment, technical defect of ship equipment and quarantine, had a significant effect on discharging rate variable and this effect found to be indirect. Moreover, almost all of the variables were significant in both regressing models.

To better managing of rangeland the vegetation map is one of major factors, because plant communities is planning units of rangeland management and vegetation map shows the current status of plant communities. This research was conducted to produce vegetation type's map using Landsat 8 image classification in Behbahan, Khuzestan province. Rangelands of the study region is warm semi steppe and winter grazing. Geometric correction of satellite image was performed by ground control points with an error of less than one pixel. Atmospheric correction of existing data using the dark object subtraction was done. Field visits for vegetation type's border controlling and sampling training area was conducted. Eight supervised classification algorithms included Parallelepiped (PP), Minimum Distance to mean (MD), Mahalanobis distance (MAH), Maximum Likelihood (ML), Neural Net (NN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) was performed. The results showed that ML algorithm has the highest overall accuracy (87.5 percent) and kappa (0.867) and PP algorithm has the lowest overall accuracy (67.1 percent) and kappa (0.571). It is suggested that, along with digital methods of classification of satellite images, visual interpretation should be used to clarify the boundary of the obtained vegetation types map.

 

Silver nanoparticles have a wide range of aplications in medical sciences which their efects depend on their size. Synthesis of Silver nanoparticles is very valuable due to its numerous applications in detection of pathogens, cancer therapy and targeted drug delivery. The purpose of this research is to production of silver nanoparticles by using the aerial parts extract of Ferulago angulata extract and Check Antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles. Material and

To achieve this purpose, the obtained extract from Ferulago angulata Plant, was exposed to the silver nitrate solution of 0.1 molar with different concentrations for duration of 24,48, 72 and 96 hours. After changing the color to brown, by using UV-visible, DLS, SEM, TEM, XRD and FTIR analyses the existence of Nano silver particle was proved.

The UV-visible spectroscopy showed that silver nanoparticles had an absorption peak at 450 nm. By considering the results of conducted analyses, the mean diameter of particles was 19 nm and the size of particles about 3 to 62 nm and were spherical shape. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles against the Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated and proved.

The obtained results show the good functioning of this plant for the synthesis of nanoparticles clearly. So, It can be useful in the treatment of many diseases transmitted by the bacteria in the medical field

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy based on job performance of Khoramshahr port personnel. All 340 personnel of the Khoramshhar port were considered as target population of the study. Simple random sampling technique was used in this study. The research studied consisted of 181 personnel using both Cokaran and Krejcie and Morgan table to determine sample size. To collect data the participants were asked to answer three different questionaire including Bradberry and Greaves Emotional Intelligence, Riggs and Knights’ Self- Efficacy as well as Paterson’s Job Performance Questionnaire forms. Pearson correlation coefficient, regression analysis and Analysis of variance were used to calculate the relationship between emotional intelligence and self- efficacy as and job performance as. SPSS was used to perform the data analysis and for hypothesis testing. The result indicated that there was no relationship between emotional intelligence and job performance of the khormashahr port personnel. However there was a positive relationship between self- efficacy and job performance among the personnel. In other words self- efficacy had an important role in job performance. The study further revealed that emotional intelligence plays an important role on self- efficacy variable so that they affect each other.

Ferula stenocarpa from Apiaceae family is a perennial plant with about 2 meters height, which grows in the high temperature of sudanian regions. This research was aimed to investigate the autecology of an endemic plant to Iran, Ferula stenocarpa, in Khuzestan province. Initially, the habitat map was prepared and characteristics of the species habitat including topography, climate, soil properties, companion species, palynology, anatomical studies were determined. In addition, the phenology stage and root system was investigated. The results show that this species is distributed in the altitudes ranging from 159 to 850 m.a.s.l., with the mean annual precipitation of 112.4 to 482.9 millimeters and mean annual temperature of 24.47 to 25.93 ºC. This plant species is found in habitats with different topographic aspects and no slope limitations with slopes 40-60% as preferred slopes. Soil texture was loam, clay loam and silty loam, weak alkaline, and poor in phosphorus and nitrogen. Electrical Conductivity is 1-0.72 ds/m and soil pH of 7.47-7.85. The vegetative growth of this species starts from mid-March. The flowers appear in April and seeds ripen in late on May. The plant propagates only by seeds. Pollen is prolate, elliptic and tricolporate. The destruction of natural habitats of this plant due to overgrazing causes that we find this plant as individual and scattered spots in their natural habitat.

The ethnobotanical science to study how the people of a race, culture or specific area use the native plants of that region. Since the methods and the indications of medicinal plants in the different regions are various.
The present study was conducted with the purpose of introducing the traditional application of medicinal plants of Behbahan City for curing the diseases.
For this purpose, after gathering the native plants of region simultaneously, the local name, medicinal properties, How to use and the other information related to the species were gathered.
In this study, 60 plant species belong to 23 families were identified. The Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae and Solanaceae families respectively with having 7, 7, 6, 5 and 4 species had the most number of plants species. By examining the types of plants used as Sodden consumption was found that most (45%) and then the tail and Crude (30 percent).
Existence of 60 medicinal plant species in Behbahan City shows that the city is reach in terms of having access to medicinal plants; and this matter can provide suitable field for better usage of medicinal plants of this city for producing the productions with more effectiveness and less disadvantages.

In order to improve supply chain performance of ports, create a system of performance measurement is essential. Different pattern assess supply chain performance, define criteria to assess performance that encompasses general indicators to detailed operational indicators. In order to assess supply chain of Imam Khomeini Port, using single-sample t-test to evaluate the significance of supply chain performance (reliability, flexibility, accountability, participation, cost and productivity) from the ship-owners perspective. Shapiro-Wilk test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and skewness and kurtosis were used to assess the normality of the data. SPSS software was used to measure statistical analysis. Importance-Performance Analysis model is used to pathology and identify strengths and weaknesses of port supply chain and improve strategies. Identified indicators in the five-item Likert scale questionnaire were distributed among 22 shipping agencies (ship-owners) in Imam Khomeini Port. Matrix importance-performance of the ship-owners is formed after prioritizing the questionnaire indicators. The results indicate that the importance of supply chain performance characteristic, at a high level or are acceptable from the ship-owners perspective. As well as how port respond to the request of the ship-owners or representative and ship safety have utmost importance and duration of the standard organization inspection have least importance from the ship-owners perspective to provide Imam Khomeini Port services.

This research was conducted in 2015 in Hallaf (Khozestan province), to locate the potential habitat of Calligonum comosum with the use of GIS and analytic hierarchy. For this purpose, at first, the habitat of the study species was determined in the region and the current position of establishment was determined as the natural environment. Accordingly, the ecological needs of Calligonum were identified and recorded in these areas by GPS. To determine the species soil needs, 30 soil samples were taken from 0-50 cm depth. Soil texture, acidity (pH), and electrical conductivity of soil samples were measured. In the next step, layers of climate, physiographic and soil characteristics maps were prepared and standardized with the help of digital data in GIS. Then by using ARC GIS10 software, all the layers were weighted by AHP method. Eventually, by integrating thelayers in Arc GIS and weighted hierarchical model, the layer of potential habitat for the study species was obtained and presented on the map of the region. On the basis of potential habitat, the resulting map was divided into five classes as follows: very high suitability (38% with an area of ​​3775 hectares), high suitability (41% with an area of ​​4149 hectares), suitable (8.6% with an area of ​​798 hectares), low suitability (11% with an area of 1104 hectares), and very poor suitability (1.4% with an area of 148 hectares).

Studying the marine accidents of Arvand channel and estuary during last five years¡ this research aims to locate the geographic place of risky points. Then through an annual and monthly chronological analysis and by application of time and place management¡ it tries to identify the eventful months in order to maximize the success of marine search and rescue measures. On the other hand¡ the chronological study of the mentioned accidents indicates that to what extent the accomplished attempts could have reduced or limited marine losses. As well¡ this study indicates that how marine rescue stations and the place of strategic search and rescue equipment suit the geographic place of eventful places. All accidents have been summarized into vessels'' marine accidents¡ borderline aggressions and crews'' illness and injuries. Then the factors of fatal and financial losses and damages have been identified based on which weighting is done. The weights of all accidents have been determined prior to chronological and spatial analysis. ARC VIEW GIS program has been applied for spatial analysis. The accidents position and their relevant intensity as the relevant specification have been entered into the program. The spatial analysis in this program has been done via Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method. The focus map of various accidents has been extracted. Place analyses in this research led to identification of 6 dangerous areas in view point of vessels accidents¡ 4 hazardous areas for human accidents and one highly risky area in view point of aggression to vessels. The annual time analysis show that during last 5 years¡ only the number of border aggressions has decreased while there is no obvious decreasing trend in vessels and human accidents. As well¡ the monthly time analysis shows 3 hazardous time sections in vessels accidents. The occurrence of accidents relevant to border aggressions is focused in the first quarter of each year. Management of rescue equipments - in two aspects of place and time - in hazardous areas as well as suggestion of having marine equipment in hazardous places is of the obtained results of place and time analyses in this research.

Anzali port as a major and oldest port in north of Iran plays a significant role in cargo transit. A clear identifying of the key situation of this port in North- south Coridor as well as implementing appropriate transit strategy will help the performance of this port through attracting more cargo.In this research first the weakness and strengthens (Internal Factors) as well as treats and opportunities (External factors) of Anzali port are identified and evaluated through SWOT analysis.
Analyzing the internal factor evaluation matrix shows that “entering ship to the port without delay” and ” the high rate of cargo handling” are major strengths in functional area of this port while “the lack of coordination among port and other organisation” as well as “ lack of Storage” are the most dominant weaknesses. Results for evaluating external factors indicate “increasing transit income” as the best opportunities and “sever competition in attracting cargo transit” as an important threat.
Finally, QSPM technique is applied to evaluate the alternative strategies in this port. Comparing eight key selected strategies indicates that “attracting merchant”, “keeping the fixed customers” and “overhauling port facilities” have the most priority respectively.To provide the total weighted scores in SWOT and the relative attractiveness of QSPM, two separate Likert scale questioner forms are distributed among 16 experts of Anzali port.

Until some past decades transportation of cargoes especially for long marine routs faced with many difficulties but with entrance of container, transportation industry was revolutionized, since containerization brought increasing speed, safety and decreasing dependency to human resource. Nevertheless, containers have disadvantages too. Containers are similar to each other and are moving all around the world, which this makes difficult control of containers and their content. But more anxious maker crisis it is that containers should be returned to origin port of cargo after stripping in destination port and often, spend empty return rout and empty container movement means cost. Containers spend about 56 percent of their life time at empty movement and or idle that this fact shows the importance of study about returning empty containers to income cycle. The objective of this research is surveying empty container challenges at Khorramshahr port which has been done by interview with manager, boss and other responsible persons in Khorramshahr container terminal as well as, manager of Khorramshahr agency of container shipping company “Hoopad Darya” and surveying foreign researches of this scope and using of SIPOC diagram and Ordinary Least of Square method.

Ports play an influential and determining role in the world trade, such that, about ninety five percent of import and eighty five percent of export are approximately carried through the ports. Identification of variables and effective factors on container trade growth as well as relationship condition between these variables could result in forecasting strategies and activities pertaining to development of this trade. The prominent issue for container terminals is performing the activities in a way that economic and social goals are satisfied and put the port into its best beneficial condition. Foundation of this research is determining a relationship between container trade growth and trade development of Iran. In the first part of this reaearch, a reviwe of liturature about world container trade growth and GDP is provided. Then in the second part, analysis and examination of two variables, Gross domestic product (GDP) as one of the main scales of economic growth and rate of container handling in Iran are clarified through calculation of correlation coefficient and Regression Analysis. The results of this paper indicated that the relationship between gross domestic product and loading and unloading of containers is positive and direct correlation type.