فهرست مطالب دکتر حسین حمزه

Governments in the international arena are bound to face their adversaries, and throughout history, war with the adversary has been one of their most important concerns. The Islamic State has no escape from this confrontation, and to limit this confrontation, it needs measures that are determined by political jurisprudence. The current research has taken the question of the legitimacy or illegitimacy of the cooperation of the Muslim state with the hostile non-Muslim state into consideration.  It has tried to find the answer to each of the two perspectives about the principality of war or peace using the analytical-ijtihad method. The findings of this research show that the Qur'anic evidence of the principality of war cannot prevent the cooperation of the Islamic state with the hostile state. As per this point of view, cooperation with non-Muslim adversaries is an "emergency situation" based on which the ruler of the Islamic State can allow the legitimacy of interaction with this group of adversaries in order to secure the interests and benefits of the Islamic State in such a situation. However, when it comes to principality of peace, war as an emergency that is conducted to curb the evil of the enemy or the obstacles to the awareness and guidance of non-Muslim nations. Therefore, in the event that the obstacle is removed, cooperation is legitimate.

There were many, many people around Muslim b. Aqil in Kufah. There were his associates, with some of them who were later on martyred on Ashura. However, there is no trace if they had joined Muslim b. Aqil in the latter' movement. This and many other relevant topics have been dealt with in this paper.

Husayni rituals played significant roles in the Qajar period. These effects were noticeable on two levels: socio-political and individual. Although they exerted various pressures on various classes of people, they never unified their religious manifestations in a way that it might be intended by the Qajar rulers. Yet, the end of the Qajar period was coterminous with the Constitutional movement and the Persians' encounter with the West. Albeit such barriers and the then widespread irreligiosity, the main body of the Persian community never left religious rituals, particularly those that pertain to Imam al-Husayn.

"Function" is defined among sociological concepts to mean the result and effect of an event or movement, and "dysfunction" is meaningful when the desired results and objective and observable effects of institutions do not appear in the social arena. The question of this research is: Among the efforts of the Iranian people in the Qajar era to hold religious rituals, especially Moharram rites, what negative results have these religious rituals had in social areas? And why are these dysfunction included in religious rites? To answer these questions, we have examined religious rites from various dimensions, both individual and social, and have concluded that the creation of dysfunctions in religious rites is generally due to changes that have occurred by the people ignoring the religious authorities.

Maximizing the power which enables the Islamic state to exist, cooperate and interact with other nations at the international level is considered a critical issue by the Islamic state. The present research, having presented the question that ‘what capacity is there for the political jurisprudence to develop and strengthen the strategic frontiers of the Islamic state’, seeks to extend and establish the concept of frontier and territory of the Islamic state to include not only its own frontiers but also its strategic frontiers. In addition, it explores in jurisprudential resources the legal possibility of extending and strengthening these frontiers in order to guarantee the interests of this state. Frontier, as an abstraction, can help to bring into existence different sorts of the state’s spheres of influence which, in turn, enables the state to achieve its ideological and strategic ends. Drawing upon descriptive-analytic method, the findings of the research show that the strategic frontier is formed and determined in line with the states’ overall strategy in meeting their transnational interests. Conflict of interests necessitates the Islamic state to have and extend its strategic depth. Rulings in the Islamic political jurisprudence are of various capacities to extend and strengthen strategic frontiers. Such things as ‘ta’lif-e qulÙb’, i.e. uniting the hearts (for attracting people to Islam), and the governing conditions and the treaties of the Islamic state are considered to be the most important of these capacities.

In order to reach the solutions decreasing the gap between theoretical education and practical training, the present study assessed the dental students’ viewpoints of Kermanshah dental school about the factors affecting the gap in 2017.
In the present cross-sectional study, the viewpoints of 150 students at third, fourth, fifth and sixth grades of Kermanshah dental school were evaluated by census method. Demographic questions included gender, academic year, academic grade, and clinical experience, and the main questions were related to the effective factors on the gap between theoretical education and practical training in three dimensions: instructor, student and educational planning.
52% of students were male. The highest frequency was for academic grade 14 to 17 whit 77.3%.74% of students had a clinical experience. Students participating in this study rated to the instructor factors with a score of 21.07 ± 4.482.Also, Student's score was 13.23 ± 1.875, and educational planning's score was 35.02 ± 5.729. The evaluation of the effect of demographic variables on this Viewpoint, showed a statistically significant difference only in the academic year at the instructor factors (P = 0.002) and educational planning factors (P = 0.027).
In total, according to the students' views about factors affecting on the gap between theoretical education and practical training, adopting appropriate strategies, in three dimensions student, educational planning, and instructor in order to eliminate or reduce the gap between theoretical education and practical training in dentistry seems necessary.

The unique treasure of Shi'ite s'Imams (peace be upon them)have been received to us by their companions and followers through quotations and scribings. companions  and traditionists with different degrees, have valued wholeheartedly to quote the traditions. the question is posed in this manuscript  is: are there any differences among companions and Shi'ite s'Imams? what was the source of these differences? it is stated in this paper, by intellectual and quotatienal reasons ,that there were various common differences among Imams' companions and their followers in Islamic culture's understanding and perception. some other additional reasons show that there were different capacities and talents among Imams' companions. the important goal in this manuscript to find out is a sort existence of concordance between two kinds of traditions, capabilities and companions' natural talents. there is a similarity between a tradition which is quoted by a narrator and innocent Imam's respend to the narrator. thus, this manuscript is formed, relying on analyses, traditional and historical researches which exist in the same scope of the capacities.

Different factors have influenced the formation of the social history of every nation or the followers of every religion. For a multifaceted investigation of the social history of any nation, all the causes and factors which play a role in creating its social history must be taken into consideration. One of the above- mentioned causes or factors is paying attention to the functions of religions and religious denominations, which is considered as one of the highly influential components in the social history and the collective identity of nations. This paper has used Annales Method in historiography so as to examine the role of religion as well as Shiite school of thought in Iran in Safavid era, looking at history through a sociological lens. The most significant achievement of the present research is identifying and analyzing some of the beliefs, rituals, institutions and symbols of Shiite school, which have played a positive role in creating the collective identity of Iranians in Safavid era. Therefore, the present study has explored factors and issues which had a great influence on the social behaviors and performance of Iranians in Safavid era, and strengthened the Shiite identity in Iranian society and thus separated them from non-Shiite societies on one hand, and paved the ground for the creation of an independent Shiite nation on the other