ربابه عزیزی

The "Leiden Encyclopedia of the Qur'an" is the most complete Islamic collection available in English, in five volumes and over 1000 articles. "Safin article" as one of the entries in the field of Shiism and the history of early Islam, contains points that can be criticized and in conflict with narrative sources. Therefore, the present study has descriptively-analytically reviewed this article based on Nahj al-Balaghah, its explanations and historical sources. Improper topics such as expressing the dual orientation of Imam Ali (AS) in retaliating against the killers of Uthman as the main reason for starting the war, comparing Amr al-As' deception to the behavior of Imam (AS) in the battle of Jaml, using vague and ambiguous words during arbitration and cowardly considering Uthman's murder These are the points that can be examined in the "Safin article". The findings showed that; Ms. Maria Dakakeh, the author of Safin's article, did not consider Nahj al-Balaghah as the most important work and did not use it scientifically and comprehensively, even though she used authentic historical books. Also, the use of vague and ambiguous words in the article has caused misunderstanding and distortion of the face of Imam (AS).

Throughout history, in the face of women's modesty, chastity and dress, some have proved and emphasized it, and some, especially after raising the need to formulate a new sexual ethic, have tended to deny the hijab, and each has taken different approaches. have taken; The positivist psychological approach to women's chastity and hijab has also given rise to a variety of explanations and arguments. The purpose of this study is to study it based on the teachings of the Qur'an and hadiths.

The present article, in a descriptive-analytical manner and in a comparative manner, while referring to the positive psychological arguments, has examined them comparatively with the teachings of the Qur'an and narrations.Findings and

The findings of this study show that positivists to prove their views on the psychological tendency of women to be chaste and veiled, to 1. The biological instinct of the female sex, 2. The biological structure of women, 3. The innate tendency of women, 4. Special tact Women to increase attractiveness, 5. The need for security, 6. Man's high desire for spirituality, 7. Human dignity, 8. Man's desire for sociability and 9. Sexual manifestations and attention-seeking have been identified as symptoms of personality and behavioral disorders, the first eight of which are in line with the Qur'anic teachings and narrations, and in some cases, explicitly.