رسول روشن

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of sexual training programs on basis religious on marital satisfaction in married men and women. The study sample consisted of 30 couple (15 man, 15 women) who were selected randomly from couples referred to psychological clinics of Qom city and randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. In the intervention phase, the experimental group received sexual training programs on basis religious for 6 sessions of one hour and thirty minutes. During this period, the control group did not receive any intervention. For data collection, Enrich marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1999) were used. Data were analyzed using univariate of covariance. Results showed that the marital Satisfaction subjects who received sexual training programs on basis religious is significantly higher than subjects in control group. Finding showed that sexual training programs on basis religious had a significant positive impact on marital Satisfaction of couples.

 One of the essential factors that affect the quality of sleep and can be a sleep–inducing factor is excessive Internet use or Internet addiction. Research suggests that cognitive emotion regulation, metacognitive beliefs, anxiety sensitivity, loneliness, and sleep duration contribute to sleep quality. Therefore, it is crucial to develop and study models that can help understand fully the relationship between sleep quality and Internet addiction and other influential factors in this field. On the other hand, students are at high risk due to their special needs in this field. Therefore, there is considerable health significance in identifying factors that increase their sleep quality and mental health. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the fitness of the structural model of the relationship between Internet addiction and sleep quality through mediating cognitive emotion regulation, metacognitive beliefs, and anxiety sensitivity and modulating loneliness and sleep time in students.

 The research method was the modeling of structural equations. In this structural model, sleep quality is a criterion variable, cognitive emotion regulation, metacognitive beliefs, and anxiety sensitivity are mediating variables, loneliness and sleep time are moderating variables, and Internet addiction is a predictor variable. The statistical population comprised students of all educational levels of public and private universities in Tehran City, Iran, in the academic year 2020–2021. Of them, 403 students were selected by the available sampling method and were requested to answer the study questionnaires through cyberspace. The inclusion criteria included being a student, consenting to participate in the study, not suffering from certain physical and mental illnesses, and not attending psychotherapy sessions during the last 6 months. The study tools used in cyberspace included the Internet Addiction Questionnaire (Young, 1998), Metacognition Questionnaire (Wells & Cartwright–Hatton, 2004), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski et al., 2001), Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory (Reiss & McNally, 1985), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (Buysse et al., 1989), and Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell et al., 1980). The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software, and the structural equation analysis method was done in PLS software version 2.0. all analyses were performed at a significance level of 0.05.

 The results indicated that Internet addiction affected students' sleep quality both directly (β=0.08, p=0.016) and through the mediation of cognitive emotion regulation and metacognitive beliefs (p<0.05). There was also a relationship between Internet addiction and sleep quality with a moderating effect on sleep duration (β=0.40, p<0.001). The conceptual model had a good fit index despite the two mediating variables of cognitive emotion regulation and cognitive beliefs and the sleep duration modifier variable (GOF=0.57).

 The findings of this study showed the mediating relationship between cognitive emotion regulation and cognitive beliefs, as well as the moderating effect of sleep time on the relationship between Internet addiction and sleep quality in students.

People with social phobia have lower self- esteem than normal people. A common treatment and intervention for this problem is stress management based on the cognitive- behavioral approach. For this purpose, in the present study, we aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive- behavioral stress management training on the self-esteem of students struggling social phobia.

The present study is an experimental design with a pretest-posttest and control group. 32 students with social phobia were selected with the highest score in the social phobia inventory (SPIN) through available sampling. After homogenization, the research sample was divided into experimental and control groups, and using the social phobia inventory (SPIN) and self- esteem rating scale (SERS) were assessed before and after the intervention. The experimental group underwent cognitive- behavioral stress management training for ten weekly sessions and the control group was waiting. The obtained results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and U Mann Whitney by SPSS software.

In current study, 16 people were in the experimental group and 16 people in the control group (all members were female). None of the students left the intervention. U Mann Whitney showed that by controlling the differences between the two groups before the study, there was a significant difference between the final score of the experimental group compared to the control group. Cognitive- behavioral stress management training increased overall self- esteem from 17.05 ± 84.62 to 24.13 ± 243.68 (P < 0.001) and decreased social phobia from 6.99 ± 53.56 to 2.4 ± 47.5 (P < 0.001) in the experimental group.

It seems that the cognitive- behavioral stress management method can be used as an effective skill in treating students' social phobias.

Diabetes is currently the sixth cause of death and has no definitive cure. Therefore, it is essential to focus on patients’ awareness and education. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a specifically designed integrated web-based self-care protocol on health-related quality of life, mental well-being, and blood sugar in type 2 diabetic patients.

The present study followed a pretest-posttest design with a control group. Of patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the Diabetes Society of Tehran (Tehran, Iran), 64 were selected and randomly assigned to the two groups. The experimental group attended five one-hour treatment sessions on the Internet. Data were collected by administering the Self-Care Summary Questionnaire, Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life Scale, and Psychological Welfare Questionnaire before and after the treatment. Collected data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA).

The results showed a significant difference between the two groups in the level of blood sugar (F=4.35), well-being (F=14.24), quality of life (F=52.63), and self-care (F=68.54) at the significance level of 0.001.

Considering the importance of self-care education and mobile (virtual) health, it is recommended that web-based self-care treatments are utilized for controlling diabetes

The aim of this study was to design an integrated protocol based on self-care in web form and to evaluate the validity of this protocol among type 2 diabetic patients.

In terms of the type of study, this study is in the category of case-individual studies with A-B project and its statistical population consisted of type 2 diabetic patients with an age range of 17-80 years. By purposeful sampling method, three type 2 diabetic patients were selected and asked to enter the designed site and first answered the three questionnaires of self-care, quality of life of diabetic patients and psychological well-being and recorded their blood sugar level (HbA1c) and then enter the treatment process, which was designed on the web in the form of 5 sessions. The collected data were analyzed using Spss-21 software based on visual analysis and descriptive statistics.

During visual analysis of the data graphs, the subordinate self-care protocol was effective in three type 2 diabetic patients. Thus, this treatment protocol has been able to reduce blood sugar, increase quality of life and increase psychological well-being in people with type 2 diabetes.

Considering that there is currently no definitive treatment for diabetes, the use of self-care based treatment protocols that can include medical and psychological cases is very effective in lowering blood sugar in these patients and preventing complications of the diabetes mellitus.

Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a debilitating behavioral condition that causes numerous adjustment problems for patients and their families. OCD usually affects the Quality of Life (QoL) of patients, especially young individuals. Besides, it is associated with other mental illnesses. Due to the high prevalence of OCD in our country and its socio–economic consequences, implementing effective treatment programs that can help reduce the symptoms of the disorder and increase the patient's QoL is of critical significance. No research has directly compared the effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) on the QoL of young women with OCD in Shiraz City, Iran. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effects of ERP and ACT on the QoL of patients with OCD.

This was a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest and a control group design. The statistical population included all women with OCD who were referred to the counseling centers in Shiraz City, Iran, in 2018 and prescribed fluvoxamine (200–300 mg). Of them, 60 patients were selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to 3 groups of 20 individuals (ACT, ERP, & control). The sample selection lasted 3 months and was according to the psychiatrist's diagnosis of OCD. The inclusion criteria of the study consisted of the age range of 18 to 40 years, minimum diploma education, female gender, and providing informed consent forms to participate in the study. The required data in the pretest and posttest phases were collected by the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL–BREF; 1996). ERP was performed according to Stekette’s group therapy plan (1993) in 8 ninety–minute sessions. ACT was performed in 8 ninety–minute sessions based on Twohing’s treatment plan for patients with OCD (2004). The controls remained on the waiting list for treatment. Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation as well as inferential statistics, including univariate Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test were applied in SPSS to analyze the collected data. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

The obtained results suggested that after removing the pretest effect, there was a significant difference in physical health (p<0.001), mental health (p<0.001), social health (p<0.001), and environmental health (p<0.001) between the experimental groups and the control group in the posttest step. However, there was no such difference between the effects of ERP and ACT on improving the QoL and its components, including physical health (p=0.80), mental health (p=0.44), social health (p=0.48), and environmental health (p=0.66).

Based on the present study findings, ACT and ERP improved the QoL of the examined patients with OCD.

Numerous researches have been done on the effect of two exposure and response prevention and acceptance and commitment-based treatment on depression and quality of life in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder but compared the effect of these two treatments on reducing the severity of symptoms. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder There is a research gap.

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of exposure therapy and prevention of response and group acceptance and commitment therapy in reducing the severity of specific symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group. Statistical population included all patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder referring to counseling centers in Shiraz in 2018. Sixty subjects were selected by purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into three groups (20 persons), two experimental groups and one control group. Research instruments include: Obsessive-Compulsive Disability Test: Hodgson & Rachman (1977), Commitment and Acceptance Therapy Sessions (Narimani et al., 2016), and Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy Sessions (Narimani et al., 2016). The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

There was a significant difference between the two groups in the post-test in all specific symptoms (infection, examination, suspicion and impulse control). Both groups showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. However, exposure therapy and response prevention group had a significant and significant decrease compared to the intervention (P< 0/001).

Two treatments, exposure and response prevention and treatment based on acceptance and commitment, reduced the symptoms of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Powell's cognitive rehabilitation in improving executive functions, memory, and attention to veterans with PTSD.

This study was carried out on 24 veterans with PTSD in two experimental and control groups. For conducting the study, PSSI test, Wisconsin Card Test, Stroop test, and working memory test were used. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of covariance.

The results of analysis of covariance showed that Powell's cognitive rehabilitation(PCR) method is effective in improving preservative error, number of floors completed, and sequence, forward and reverse vastness of space, time interference error, and error interference of mistakes.

PCR is effective in improving executive function, memory and attention to veterans with PTSD.

Comparing the dimensions of religious spiritual therapy and group-based acceptance and commitment-based therapy and their effects on recovering the anxiety and depression in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder this paper is proposed. To this end, the quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test and follow-up with the control group is adopted. For this study, 45 OCD patients were selected for sampling. They evaluated by questionnaires on religious commitment, Yale Brown Obsessive Questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory. Each group received 14 sessions of religious spiritual therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy. Data were analyzed by covariance and follow-up test. Findings show that group-based acceptance and commitment-based therapy and religious spirituality therapy are effective in reducing frustration and depressive disorder in women with obsessivecompulsive disorder (05/05&gt;p). The analysis also showed a significant difference between these two treatments; that is, religious spirituality has been more effective in reducing anxiety and depression in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder than treatment based on acceptance and commitment.

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling disorder that causes disturbance and significant interference in the individual function. This disorder is thought to be caused by unwanted and intrusive mental thoughts and images that are considered meaningless, inappropriate and irresistible by the individual, as well as the tendency to determine to neutralize and compensate for these thoughts and mental images. The onset of this disorder is usually between early adolescence and early adulthood. Among treatments, a method that has been more relevant in recent years, treatment is based on acceptance and commitment. Generally, disorders that do not require interacting with inner experiences (thoughts, emotions, memories and physical emotions) that it mainly called "experiential avoidance". Due to the importance of obsessive–compulsive disorder, it needs to test new therapeutic considering religious beliefs. These techniques in spiritual therapy can have behavioral, cognitive, metacognitive, emotional and moral aspects, and can be manifested in religious concepts and behaviors such as trust, patience, prayer, meditation. Given these points, the use of human spiritual capacity in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorders is not only effective but also necessary. Religious psychotherapy can have significant effects on the treatment of depression and obsession because religious people are less likely to feel alone and less depression and anxiety than non–religious people. Addressing the impact of religion on health in the various, supply of human life, including health care, is important because it has an unmatched and indispensable role in human life. Therefore, knowing about the effectiveness of the therapeutic methods from religious teachings can be used to treatment of anxiety and obsessive–compulsive disorders. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment and spiritual therapy on the improvement of the severity of obsessive–compulsive symptoms and quality of life in patients with obsessive–compulsive and obsessive–compulsive disorder.

The research was quasi–experimental, pre–test, post–test and follow–up with the control group. Forty–five obsessive–compulsive patients from the Qom (Qom province, center of Iran) consultation center in 2012 were selected by convenience sampling. In the beginning of the study, the subjects were investigated by questionnaires that include the practice of religious beliefs (Golzzari, 2001), Yale Brown obsession (Goodman et al., 1989), obsessive beliefs of OBQ–44 (OCCWG, 2005) and quality of life (SF36) (Farnish, 2005). The experimental group received 14 sessions of 60 minutes of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment and spirituality therapy. Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and post Hoc.

Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) of the three groups. The mean scores of the obsessive–compulsive scales and the mean scores of obsessive–compulsive beliefs and quality of life questionnaires in both treatment groups decreased and this decrease in follow–up was also seen. Findings of this study indicated that treatment based on acceptance and commitment and spirituality therapy in pretest posttest and fallow up had a significant different on obsessive–compulsive symptoms and observerchr('39')s beliefs and quality of life (p<0.001). In addition, results of Post HOC test on the comparison of therapeutic methods showed that spirituality therapy was more effective than treatment–based acceptance and commitment to the improvement of obsessive–compulsive symptoms, obsessive–compulsive beliefs and quality of life.

Results of posttest and follow up in the experimental group showed the effect of interventions and it can be concluded that spirituality and acceptance therapy and commitment to reduce the symptoms and obsessive beliefs and improve the quality of life of people with obsessive–compulsive disorder.

Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder that has been increasing over the past fifty years and is considered the most common cause of hospitalization. Mainly, depressed people are self–assimilated and self–assertive, attention is paid to the positive effects of religion and spirituality is essential in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of religious–spiritual approaches on decreasing depression syndromes in Iran using a meta–analysis model.

This research was a review study. The statistical population consisted of theses and research published in scientific and research journals that have been conducted over the past twelve years (2004–2015) in the field of spirituality and religion–based depression approaches in Iran. In this research, 13 articles that had criteria for entry, and they had an adequate sample size and methodologically. Sources of research in the present study consisted of Master's and Ph.D. thesis of Universities, scientific–research journals in the field of psychology, information resources of the Jihad University, and documents center of Iran. The search keywords included treatment, psychotherapy, intervention, psychotherapy, education, counseling, spirituality, spiritual, religious, depressed, and depression. Including criteria for the meta–analysis were experimental and quasi–experimental research; with at least one experimental group; measurement tools were sufficient reliability and validity; the topic of research had religion–based approaches and spirituality in depression; the study conducted in the form of group research; in–person intervention (without internet and telephone). A content analysis checklist was used to selected research papers with inclusion criteria and extracting the necessary information to perform their meta–analysis. The checklist included the following components: title of research on depression, full details of the executives, had study year, implementation of the study, hypotheses, data collection tools, statistical population and sample size. A significance level of tests that used in this research was performed based on Kuhn's meta–analysis steps. The data was analyses by CMA2 software.

The best estimate for impact of spirituality and religion–based approaches on depression was 0.48, which was roughly high according to the Cohen's (1988) coefficient of interpretation (spirituality–based approaches and religion had a modest effect on depression).

Discrepancies are effective interventions to reduce depression; it seems that a meta–analysis will help clarify the actual impact of interventions on depression symptoms and will determine the degree of effectiveness. Overall, the results of this study showed that spiritual and behavioral therapies could be effective in reducing the symptoms of depression, but a closer examination of the study revealed the basic difficulties in reporting and the quality of their performance. It seems that conducting accurate research based on the theoretical, scientific background, using authoritative sources related to the teachings, concepts of religion, Islamic culture treatment of depression is essential. It is necessary to study on validity and effectiveness of the procedure and to compare its efficacy with standard golden treatment. It can be said that multi–drug therapy needs to design to Iranian–culture that can increase the effectiveness of secular remedies on Iranian society. Based on these findings, therapists could select and execute treatment patterns appropriate to the problems encountered, and to achieve better and more reliable outcomes.