رسول نصیری

Cement production is the source of 7% of global CO2 emissions. In order to reduce emissions by 0.7% annually until 2030, the cement industries can adopt the circular economy model. The present study aimed to assess the environmental sustainability of the Sufian cement industry based on the circular economy model.

Based on the circular economy model of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, this research was conducted in three steps in the Sufian Cement Factory in 2021-22: Step1. Data were collected on fuel consumption, electricity, water, production waste, released gases and costs; Step 2. Based on literature review and experts opinions strategies and solutions to move towards a circular economy were determined; Step 3. The index of linearity and rotation in the current and future state was calculated for the Sufian cement industry.

The data obtained showed that the Sufian cement industry is currently heavily dependent on primary raw materials and operates in a linear economy. Implementing the recommended strategies would be expected to reduce the linearity index to below 1 and increase the rotation index to above 0.1. These findings indicate a positive shift towards a circular economy.

The findings of this study reveal that the Sufian cement industry is currently totally based on linear economy, but it can, through implementing the relevant strategies, potentially transit to a circular economy, which will increase the factory’s net profit, protect resources and reduce CO2 emissions.

Today, cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of death. This study was conducted to compare the effect of resistance and endurance training on predictors of cardiovascular diseases and arteriosclerosis in aged male rats.

The present study is an experimental and fundamental research with a control group conducted in 2021 in the basic science laboratory of Shahrekord University in Iran. Fifty elderly male Wistar rats with an average weight of 432.7±4.4 grams and an age of 23±2 months were randomly divided into five groups. The control group was divided into two resistance training groups (climbing a special ladder) and two continuous training groups (running on a treadmill), and they did the training protocols for eight weeks and five sessions every week. Data analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test with SPSS 22 software at p≤0.05 level.

The results of the present study showed that the level of HDL increased significantly in all four training groups compared to the control group (p≤0.05). LDL level and LDL/HDL ratio decreased significantly in all four training groups compared to the control group (p≤0.05). The level of TC decreased significantly only in the high-intensity resistance training group (p≤0.05). Even though both training methods led to changes in the levels of TG, VLDL, ApoA1, ApoB, and ApoB/ ApoA1 ratio, these changes were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The difference between the two training methods was insignificant (p>0.05).

Both training methods caused positive changes in HDL, LDL factors, and LDL/ HDL ratio. Performing both training methods is recommended for older adults and people at risk, especially the military, although endurance training has more effect and fewer risks.

The environmental sustainability is a requirement for modern urban transportation systems. Selecting the appropriate option for the public transport in any urban system does not lead only to the sustainable urban transportation development, but will adapt planning process to its people's characteristics and encourage the people to use it by increasing its productivity. Therefore, this study aims to assess the environmental effect of developing an electric public transport system in Tehran.

In this study, after obtaining the documented and published data, including (books, transportation articles, and obtaining transportation statistics of Tehran from the bus companies and Municipal Transportation and Traffic Organization), AHP-TOPSSIS method was used to select the best option for developing the public transportation in Tehran.

The results showed that the option of implementing an electric transportation system with the private sector investment and government facilities (0.5798), using the electric transport systems in city center (0.3972), converting BRTs to electricity (0.2886), and non - implementation option (0.2672), respectively, had the highest and lowest priority among the development methods of public transport systems in Tehran.

To eliminate the use of fossil fuels in near distant future to prevent the climate change and eliminate environmental pollution from fossil fuels, Tehran's urban transportation system should be implemented to eliminate the fossil fuels, develop and transform its fleet into the electrical systems

Climate change on the earth is changing faster than ever before in the history. Cities are highly vulnerable to this climate change. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate climate change in the metropolis of Tehran during the period 1991-2020 and help understand the limitations that cities may have in confronting climate change.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed based on the information obtained from the synoptic stations in the Tehran metropolis. First the relevant indicators were determined based on the opinions of experts and the existing literature, followed by analyzing the descriptive and analytical data on climate using the EXCEL-2016 software. Finally, based on reviewing the studies in the literature and analysis of climate data in the metropolis of Tehran, a single protocol was arrived at to study climate change in the city (microclimate) and how to reduce, and adapt with, the impacts of climate change in cities.

Analysis of the data showed that the metropolis of Tehran had been facing an increase in temperature and a decrease in humidity over the preceding 30 years. The average monthly temperature increase and humidity decrease had been about 1.5° C and nearly 15%, respectively.

Tehran metropolis is faced with an increase in temperature and a decrease in humidity levels, the intensity of both of which will further increase in the future. Dense urban population areas will experience more intense climate change due to the formation of heat islands. To deal with this problem urban planners must consider urban socio-economic development in the context of adapting to climate change and reducing its impacts in various urban areas.

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is defined as bleeding occuring from a site proximal to the ligament of Trietz, which can present as hematemesis, melena, and hematochezia. Epidemiological studies on pediatric upper gastrointestinal bleeding were limited and its accurate incidence is not clear. This study deals with epidemiological investigation of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in hospitalized children.

This was a cross-sectional-descriptive retrospective study. Medical records of the children under 14 years of age who had been hospitalized in Besat Hospital in Sanandaj for upper gastrointestinal bleeding over the past seven years (2011-2017) were reviewed. Demographic data and endoscopic results obtained from the medical records were recorded in the questionnaires. Using SPSS 20 software, statistical analysis was performed.

Our study included 121 medical records. 64.5% of the patients were male. The mean age of the children was 5.66 years and the duration of hospitalization was 3.13 days. Among the patients, 77% were urban dwellers, 95% presented with hematemesis. 8.3% were treated with mechanical ventilation, and 5.8% had coagulation disorders. Endoscopic results showed that 45.5% of the children had prolapse gastropathy and 15.7% had Mallory Weiss syndrome.

According to our results, the most common manifestation of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children was hematemesis and the most common cause of it was prolapse gastropathy.

High concentrations of particulate matter-25 (PM2.5) have been the cause of the unhealthiest days in Tehran, Iran in recent years. This study was conducted with the aim of the spatio-temporal analysis of traffic volume and its relationship with PM2.5 pollutant concentrations in Tehran metropolis, Tehran during 2015-2018, using the Geographic Information System (GIS).

In this study in different regions of Tehran, the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) model was used for prediction and zoning of the PM2.5 concentrations and traffic volume during the period 2015-2018. In addition, the association between the PM2.5 concentrations and traffic volume was determined based on the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model.

The findings showed that the southern and southwestern regions of Tehran had the highest PM2.5 pollutant concentration (annual average more than 40 μg/m3), while the eastern and northern regions had the highest traffic volume. In addition, based on the GWR model, the eastern regions were found to have the highest local R2 values (between 0.36 and 0.70).

In most regions of Tehran, no strong association can be found between high concentrations of PM2.5 and traffic volume. However, based on the findings of this study we cannot reject the relationship between traffic volume and PM2.5 pollutant but postulate other sources to be the main reason for the high concentrations of PM2.5. Thus, in the first step, these sources should be identified, followed by adopting strategies for traffic volume control and reduction aiming at having a cleaner air in Tehran.

Tehran, as the largest and most populous city in Iran, has encountered many problems, of which air pollution is the most common. In recent years, PM2.5 has been the cause of the unhealthiest days in terms of air pollution in Tehran; For this purpose, the present study was conducted with the aim of Spatio-temporal analysis of PM2.5 pollutant in the Tehran metropolis during the years 2014-2017 using GIS.

In this study, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and HotSpots methods have been used to predict and zoning of PM2.5 concentrations during four consecutive years (2014-2017).

The results of hotspot analysis and Getis-Ord-Gi index showed that the southern and southwestern regions with a confidence level above 90% and a concentration of more than 50 μg/m3 are the most polluted areas. And to a lesser extent, the western and central areas are next.; Also, the concentration of PM2.5 pollutants shows an increasing trend from north to south and east to west.

South, southwest, west, and center are the most polluted areas; However, the present study only shows the zoning of PM2.5 concentration and does not identify the various factors and the contribution of each of them in the production of this pollutant; And it is necessary to conduct studies to identify sources and their contribution to control and reduce the concentration of PM2.5 in the Tehran metropolitan.

Celiac disease is a chronic inflammation of small intestine which is caused by an increased permanent sensitivity to a protein named gluten. This protein is present in some cereals such as wheat, barley, and rye. The immunologic response to this protein can cause clinical symptoms in people with specific human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) (including HLADQ2 or HLADQ8). Most studies have reported an increased incidence of celiac disease in patients with diabetes mellitus type I. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the celiac disease in patients with diabetes mellitus type I under the age of 18 years old.

This cross-sectional, analytic descriptive study was performed on forty children with diabetes mellitus type I in Sanandaj Diabetes Association (Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences), Iran, from September 2012 to September 2013. After obtaining consent from their parents, demographic data, including gender, age, family history of diabetes, duration of illness, symptoms of celiac disease, were recorded in the questionnaire. The measurement of the tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibody and total immunoglobulin type A in the serum was necessary for the screening of celiac disease. Therefore in the laboratory, 5 ml of the venous blood sample was taken and then the serum levels of tTG antibody (from immunoglobulin type A) and total serum levels of this immunoglobulin were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Upper endoscopy with multiple biopsies from small intestine was performed in patients with positive serological screening. Finally, the disease was evaluated by histological finding.

Forty children with diabetes mellitus type I included 19 boys (47.5%) and 21 girls (52.5%) were enrolled in the study. The mean age of these patients was 10.53±4.05. The prevalence of celiac disease was 7.5% in these individuals. In the subjects, there was no significant relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and celiac disease.

In the present study, the prevalence of the celiac disease in type 1 diabetic patients was 7.5% which is higher than the normal population.