رضا داورنیا

Various research have shown that positive psychotherapy has been effective on improving mental health indices among patients, but no research has investigated the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on subjective wellbeing of obese women with type 2 diabetes.

The current research was conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on obese women with type 2 diabetes

The research was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design-follow-up with the control group. The study population consisted of all obese women with type 2 diabetes, members of the Sanandaj Diabetes Association in 2019, which numbered 758 people. Forty patients were randomly selected as a sample and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (20 Person). The research tools were Rumi and et al.chr('39')s mental well-being questionnaire (2010) and positivist psychotherapy sessions (Rashid and Seligen, 2013). Data analysis was performed by variance analysis with repeated measurement and Bonfroni follow-up test.

Positive psychotherapy significantly increased the mental well-being of the subjects of the group undergoing intervention in the post-test and follow-up stages (p< 0/01). Also, therapeutic intervention was effective in increasing positive emotions and reducing negative emotions in patients (p< 0/01).

Women who participated in positive psychotherapy sessions increased their mental well-being.

the present research was conducted by the aim of investigation the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on subjective wellbeing of women with systemic lupus erythematosus.

the present research was conducted by semi-experimental method in which a pretest-posttest with control group design was used. All the women with systemic lupus erythematosus who were members of association of protecting patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Tehran in the first half of 2018 constituted the statistical population of the present study. The sample included 40 patients who were selected by purposeful sampling method and, then, were assigned into two groups of experiment and control (20 subjects per group) through random assignment method. The level of subjective wellbeing was assessed by Mowlavi and colleagues’ questionnaire of subjective wellbeing (2010) in pretest and posttest stages. Sessions of positive psychotherapy were held in eight 120-minute sessions for the experiment group’s subjects while the control group stayed in the waiting list. For analyzing the data, univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used by SPSS24.

Results of the current research affirmed the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy in improving subjective wellbeing of the treatment group’s patients (F = 50.44, p < 0.01).

according to these results, it appears that positive psychotherapy is probably an appropriate interventional option for enhancing mental health among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Mothers of children with Down syndrome face challenges in caring for their children which lead to decreased happiness among them. The present research was conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on happiness among mothers of children with Down syndrome.

The present research was a semi-experimental study which used a pretest-posttest with control group design. The research population included all the mothers of children with Down syndrome referring to Navide Asr comprehensive rehabilitation center in Tehran in 2017. The sample included 40 mothers (20 subjects per group) who were selected by purposeful sampling method and were assigned into experiment and control groups through random assignment method. The participants of both groups completed the Demographic Information Questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in pretest and posttest stages. Sessions of weekly group positive psychotherapy were held in eight 90-minute sessions for the participants of the experiment group, but the control group participants received no intervention. Univariate analysis of covariance, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Levene’s Test in SPSSv20 was used for analyzing the data.

Mean and standard deviation of the scores of happiness among the subjects of the experiment group were 39.95 ± 6.38 in pretest which equaled 59.45 ± 9.10 in the posttest. Also, in the control group, mean and standard deviation of the scores of happiness were 40.20 ± 6.06 and 38.65 ± 7.22 in pretest and posttest stages, respectively. Results of the covariance analysis indicated that, by controlling for the effect of pretest, there is a significant difference in between the mean scores of experiment and control groups suggesting the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy in increasing happiness among the experiment subjects (F = 95.76, P < 0.01).

Results of the present research confirmed the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy in improving happiness among mothers of children with Down syndrome. The results affirm the importance of applying this intervention on psychological symptoms of mothers of children with Down syndrome and offering new perspectives in clinical interventions.

Marriage is one of the most important needs which affects all the life aspects of human beings for almost half a century. The Marriage background is as old as history and since human beings put their feet on the earth, love and affection, marriage and marital conflict have existed, as well. In fact, mental health of humans is greatly dependent on a good and successful marriage. The evolution and development of the human’s personality relies on the quality of his/her relationships, and intimate relationships, in fact, act like therapeutic relationships which can be supportive platforms and human’s shelter against difficulties of life. Studying the relationships of couples helps to clarify the structural frameworks in which the couple relationships form. The imago relationship approach is a theory and therapeutic approach on dating, marriage and the process of marital conflicts formation. The main hypothesis of the imago relationship approach is the fact that relationship is our essence and nature; For we always are in relation to others. We are born in relationship, are harmed in relationship, and are healed in relationship. The imago relationship approach in marital relationship is a tool for attaining a conscious relationship which facilitates the conscious and mutual treatment of the childhood traumas between couples. Based on a theoretical principle, it is believed that we choose our couples according to an unconscious image of an individual who can complete us which is called imago or childhood ideal. The unconscious selection of spouse creates an opportunity to, by increasing empathy, mutual understanding, and relationship with the adult romantic partner, soothe and cure the relationship that we have lost in childhood. In the imago relationship approach, the goal is to align the conscious mind of the individual with his/her unconscious mind, and this method helps individuals to develop and enhance conscious, committed and intimate relationships. The present study was conducted by the aim of investigating the effect of group couple therapy based on imago relationship therapy on improving marital relationship quality.

The present research was a semi-experimental study which used a pretest-posttest with control group design. The statistical population of the present study included all the couples referring to the Rastin counseling and psychological services center in Gorgan city, Iran, in the second half of 2017. The sample of the present study included 16 couples who were selected by available sampling method and were assigned into two experiment and control groups (8 couples per group) by ransom assignment method. The inclusion criteria of the research included: having at least two years history of marital life, having at an education level of at least middle school, not being a divorce applicant, and receiving no individual counseling services outside the therapy sessions. The exclusion criteria of the research included: using psychiatric and psychotropic drugs, history of hospitalization in psychiatric hospitals, and using any type of sedative drugs, alcohol, and norcotics. The data gathering tool was Golombok Rust Inventory of Marital State. The group couple therapy based on imago relationship therapy was conducted in eight 120-minute sessions for the couples of the experiment group while the control group received no intervention. The data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance in SPSSv24.

The mean and standard deviation of age was 43.44 ± 6.74 for the experiment group and 41.38 ± 5.37 for the control group. The mean and standard deviation of marriage deviation was 22 ± 7.89 for the experiment group and 20.25 ± 7.21 for the control group. Investigating the information on the education level of the subjects indicated that in the experiment group, four subjects had middle school degree that included 25% of the subjects of the experiment group. 7 subjects had diploma that by composing 43.8% of the subjects, included the highest number of subjects in this group, and finally, 5 subjects had undergraduate education including 31.2% of the subjects in the experiment group. In the control group, subjects with diploma, with 9 individuals, had the greatest frequency of subjects in the control group. After that, we had 4 subjects with undergraduate degrees and 3 subjects with middle school degree. According to the results of the univariate analysis of covariance, the significance of F value for quality of marital relationships (F = 72.65 and p < 0.01) suggests that the effect of couple therapy based on imago relationship therapy is significant, that is, after calculating the pretest’s effect, the difference created in scores of both groups in the level of quality of marital relationships is significant. Moreover, according to the mean of scores of quality of marital relationships in the experiment group in pretest (41.81) and posttest (33), it is determined that the mean scores of quality of marital relationships in the couples of the experiment group have reduced in the posttest stage, and since in the quality of marital relationships questionnaire, the lower the obtained score is, the higher the quality of marital relationships will be, therefore, this indicates the effect of the therapeutic approach on improving the quality of marital relationships. The chi eta shows that 71% of the variance is caused by the effect of couple therapy based on imago relationship therapy.

IRT is a process in which the couples are given information and awareness, and most importantly, they are offered trainings regarding the unconscious aspects of their relationship and a fundamental examination of the origin of their conflicts, and which helps individuals intervene on their problems instead of trying to solve them on the surface. Succeeding in this issue leads to improvement, growth, and affective security towards each other. According to the results of present research, counselors and family therapists are recommended to use this therapeutic model for solving marital conflicts and improving relationships in families.

Marital infidelity is considered to be one of the most important traumatic factors for couples and families, and it is also a prevalent phenomenon for family and marital therapists. The present research was conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of group compassion-focused counseling on internalized shame among women affected by marital infidelity.

The present study was a semi-experimental one that was conducted by pretestposttest and follow-up with control group design. The research population included all the women affected by marital infidelity referring to counseling centers in Gorgan, Iran, in 2019. The research sample composed of 24 women who were selected by purposeful sampling method and were assigned into experiment and control groups by random assignment method (12 subjects per group). The data gathering tool was Cook’s Internalized Shame Scale (1993). Group compassion-focused therapy was provided in 13 120-minute sessions for the experiment group. The data were analyzed by variance analysis test with repeated measures.

The results of variance analysis with repeated measures showed that group compassion-focused counseling led to a decrease in internalized shame in the subjects of the intervention group in the posttest and follow up stages. Moreover, the therapeutic intervention exerted a positive and significant effect on the components of internalized shame (shyness, self-esteem) (p < 0.01).

According to the confirmation of the effectiveness of the compassion-focused approach, family counselors and therapists can use this therapeutic model for reducing the traumas caused by marital infidelity.

Mothers of children with Down syndrome face challenges which lead to increased parenting stress among these mothers. The present research was conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of group positive psychotherapy on parenting stress among mothers of children with Down syndrome. in the frame of a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest-follow up with control group design. Among mothers of children with down syndrome referring to Navide Asr extensive rehabilitation center in Tehran in 2018, a sample of 40 subjects were selected by purposeful sampling method and were assigned into experiment and control groups through random assignment method. In pretest, posttest and follow up stages, the participants of both groups completed Abidin’s Parenting Stress Index- Short Form(PSI-SF). Sessions of group weekly positive psychotherapy were held in eight 90-minute sessions for the participants of the experiment group, but the control group participants received no intervention until the end of the follow up stage. Variance analysis test with repeated measures in SPSSv20 was used for analyzing the data. results suggested that positive psychotherapy significantly decreased parenting stress among mothers of the intervention group and the results were sufficiently persistent in the one-month follow up stage (p < 0.01). results of the present research confirmed the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy in improving parenting stress among mothers of children with Down syndrome. The results affirm the importance of applying this intervention on psychological symptoms of mothers with Down syndrome and offering new perspectives in clinical interventions.

Academic burnout and academic well-being of factors affecting performance of the students that consider to them is essential. Thus, the present research was conducted by the aim of investigating the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on reducing academic burnout and increasing academic well-being in students.

The present study was conducted by semi-experimental method and used a pretest-posttest with control group design. The population of the research included all the male students of Islamic Azad university of Gorgan branch in 2017-2018 academic years. The sample consisted of 40 students who, after initial interview and based on research inclusion-exclusion criteria, were selected by available sampling method and, then, were assigned into experiment and control groups via random assignment method. For gathering the data, academic burnout questionnaire of Bersu and colleagues (2007) and academic wellbeing scale of Pietarinen and colleagues (2014) were used. The MBSR training was provided for the experiment group in eight 2-hour session in groups (one session per week), but the control group received no intervention. For testing the research hypothesis, univariate multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS 24 were used.

Results of analysis of covariance suggested that MBSR training significantly reduced academic burnout and increased academic wellbeing in the subjects of the experiment group compared to the control group (p value < 0.01).

According to the findings of the current study, it is recommended that student counseling centers in universities would provide mindfulness training workshops in order to reduce academic burnout and increase academic wellbeing in students.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a multi-systemic autoimmune disorder with a wide range of clinical manifestations which engages nearly all the bodily tissues and organs such as joints, skin and mucous membranes, blood cells, brain and kidneys and brings about undesirable psychological effects for the affected patients. The present research was designed and conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of spiritual therapy on resiliency among women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

In the frame of a semi-experimental research using pretest– posttest with control group design, among the women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus who were a member of Iran Lupus Association in Tehran in 2018, based on research inclusion/exclusion criteria, 40 women were selected by purposeful sampling method and were assigned into experiment and control groups (20 subjects per group) via random assignment method. The data gathering tool was Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) which was completed by the participants of both groups in pretest and posttest stages. Spiritual therapy was delivered to the experiment group participants in 10 2-hour sessions in groups with weekly sequence, while the control group stayed in waiting list. For analyzing the data, univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS 20 was used.

The results showed that, in posttest, spiritual therapy led to significant increase in resiliency among patients of the experiment group compared to the control group (p value < 0.01).

According to these results, it appears that spiritual therapy is probably a suitable interventional option for enhancing mental health among patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

The present research was conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of training of couple communication program (CCP) on reducing couple burnout.

The present research was a semi-experimental research which was conducted by pretest-posttest with control group method.The research population included all the couples visiting Roha counseling and psychotherapy center in Bojnourd city in 2019. Among the qualified couples for participation in the study, 20 couples with highest levels of couple burnout based on the initialscreening were selected by available sampling method, and they were randomly assigned into experiment and control groups. Pains couple burnout questionnaire (1998) was the data gathering tool in the study which was completed by the couples in pretest and posttest stages. The training program (couple communication program) was delivered to the subjects of the experiment group in ten 1.5-hour group sessions. The subjects of the control group were put in the waiting list. The data were analyzed by univariate covariance analysis (ANCOVA).

Results of covariance analysis indicated that couple burnout of the experiment group was reduced in the posttest stage. No significant change was observed in the control group.

Since training of couple communication program was effective on reducing couple burnout, it is recommended that this marital life enrichment program, would be used in training workshops, couple therapy groups and family counseling centers for the purpose of improving communication and increasing marital intimacy in couples.

Marital infidelity is considered to be one of the most important traumatic factors for couples and families, and it is also a prevalent phenomenon for family and marital therapists. One of the consequences of marital infidelity is rumination in the spouse affected by infidelity. The present research was conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of group compassion-focused therapy on rumination in women affected by marital infidelity.

The current research was a semi-experimental study conducted by pretest-posttest and follow up with control group design. The current research population included all the women affected by marital infidelity who referred to Rastin, Aram, Taranom, and Baran psychological and counselling services centers in Gorgan, Iran, in 2019. The research sample composed of 24 women who were selected by purposeful sampling method and were put into experiment and control groups by random assignment method (12 subjects per group). Both groups were assessed using Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow’s ruminative response scale (1991) in pretest, posttest, and follow up stages. Group compassion-focused therapy was provided in 13 120-minute sessions for participants of the experiment group. The subjects of the control groups did not receive any intervention until the end of the follow up stage. The data were analyzed by variance analysis test with repeated measures in SPSS24.

Mean and standard deviation of the scores of rumination in the subjects of the experiment group were 58.08 ± 2.84 in pretest, 52.50 ± 5.74 in posttest, and 49.50 ± 5.35 in the follow up. In the control group, mean and standard deviation of the scores of rumination were 59.08 ± 1.92 before the intervention, 57.67 ± 1.82 after the intervention, and 58.25 ± 1.96 one month after the intervention. Results of the variance analysis with repeated measures indicated that group compassion-focused therapy has significantly reduced rumination in the intervention group in posttest and follow up stages (P < 0.01, F = 21.33).

Results of the present research confirmed the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy in reducing rumination among women affected by marital infidelity. Family counsellors and therapists can use this therapeutic model for reducing the traumas caused by marital infidelity.

The imago relationship approach is a theory on dating marriage and the process of marital conflicts treatment. Based on the main idea of this approach, choosing the spouse is done based on a mental image from ideal parents which has been formed in childhood, and compatibility with spouse is also reliant on this early image. The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of couple therapy based on imago relationship therapy on reducing couple burnout. 

The present research was a semi-empirical study, which used a pretest-posttest with control group design. The statistical population of the present study included all the couples with marital conflicts referring to Rastin counseling and psychological services center in Gorgan, Iran, during the second quarter of 2018. The sample included 20 couples who were selected by available sampling method and were assigned into two experiment and control groups (10 couples per group) through ransom assignment method. The assessment of the subjects was conducted in pretest and posttest stages by using Pines’ marital burnout scale (1996). Eight sessions of group couple therapy based on imago relationship therapy were held for the experiment group while the control group received no intervention.

The mean and standard deviation of the scores of couple burnout among the subjects of the experiment group in pretest and posttest stages equaled 81 ± 21.97 and 68.05 ± 15.66, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the scores of couple burnout in the subjects of the control group equaled 80.95 ± 16.79 and 82.50 ± 14.31 in pre- and post-intervention, respectively. Results of the covariance analysis suggested that couple burnout in the couples of the experiment group has significantly decreased after receiving the imago relationship therapy intervention.

Couple therapy based on imago relationship therapy enables the couples to understand one another, and experiencing this feeling can lead to increased happiness, intimacy, and empathy in couples and, therefore, reduce couple burnout.

Infidelity is one of the important problems in marital life which is widely seen in disturbed families and families in which partners feel that they have to get divorced. This phenomenon mainly happens for the purpose of satisfying emotional or sexual needs of the person through extramarital relationships. The present research was conducted by the aim of determining the effect of group forgiveness-based intervention on marital intimacy of women affected by infidelity of their spouse. This semi-experimental research was conducted by pretest-posttest with control group design. The research population included all the women who visited Aram psychological and counseling center in Gorgan city in 2016 because of infidelity of spouse. Among the applicants of participation in the sessions, 30 women (15 subjects per group) were selected by purposeful sampling method, and they were assigned into experiment and control groups through random assignment method. Thompson and Walker’s Marital Intimacy Scale (1983) was used for gathering the data in pretest and posttest stages. Group forgiveness-based intervention was delivered to the experiment group in nine 90-minute sessions. The control group was put on the waiting list. The data analysis was conducted by univariate covariance analysis (ANCOVA) in SPSS v20. Findings indicated that, after the posttest, there was a significant difference in mean scores of marital intimacy between the experiment and control groups. In other words, group forgiveness-based intervention led to improvement in marital intimacy among the subjects of the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.01, F=9.75). Group forgiveness-based intervention creates the ground for improvement in marital intimacy in the marital relationship through reducing negative emotions, increasing positive emotions, and also creating change in the attitude and behavior of the spouse affected by infidelity towards the infidel spouse.

The present study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) in improving parental quality of life and self-efficacy in mothers of autistic children. The present research was conducted by semi-experimental method which used a pretest-posttest with control group design. The population of the current research included mothers of autistic children in 2018 whose children had a case file in the Nedaye Asr rehabilitation center of Tehran. A total number of 40 mothers were selected by purposive sampling method and were assigned into experiment and control groups via random assignment method (20 subjects per group). The levels of parental self-efficacy and quality of life were assessed by Dumka and colleagues’ Parental Self Agency Measure (PSAM; 1996) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (1998) in pretest and posttest stages. The experiment group received the CFT intervention in eight 2-hour sessions. The data were analyzed through univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS v20. The results showed a significant difference in the level of parental quality of life and self-efficacy between the subjects of the experiment and control groups in the posttest stage. The results confirmed the effectiveness of CFT in improving parental quality of life and self-efficacy of mothers in the experiment group (P<0.01). As a new therapeutic approach, CFT is probably an appropriate interventional option for decreasing psychological problems and increasing mental health among mothers of autistic children.

Brief solution-focused therapy is a collaborative and non-pathological approach for therapy which puts emphasis on finding solutions by the client with the help of therapist. The present research was conducted by the aim of investigating the effect of brief solution-focused couple therapy on increasing marital intimacy among couples.The present research is of applied research which uses semi-experimental method and the design is of pretest-posttest with control group. The population of the current research includes all the couples who have visited Golha-Fatemi health center in 2016 because of lack of intimacy in their relationships in order to get professional counseling and psychological helps. After initial screening and based on inclusion-exclusion criteria of the research, 16 couples were selected by available sampling method, and they were assigned into experiment and control groups (8 couples per group). The data were gathered through marital intimacy scale of Walker and Thompson. After taking the pretest from both groups, the brief solution-focused group therapy was offered to the experiment group in seven 2-hour sessions with a step by step method with the sequence of one session per week, but the control group received no intervention. After finishing the therapy sessions, posttest was taken from both groups. The data were analyzed through univariate covariance analysis test (ANCOVA) with SPSS-20. Findings of covariance analysis indicated that brief solution-focused couple therapy has improved marital intimacy in couples of the experiment group in posttest. Counselors and family therapists can use the findings of the current research in their clinical and therapeutic interventions, and use this therapeutic, practical and effective approach for improving marital intimacy.

Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic progressive disease of the central nervous system with various physical and psychological disabling symptoms that causes many problems for the patient. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of compassion-focused therapy on resiliency in women with multiple sclerosis. This research was an experimental intervention using a post-test pre-test with control group. The research population consisted of all female patients with active case in MS Society of Tehran in 2016. The sample consisted of 30 female patients who were selected according to the criteria of entry and exit, and the acquired scores in the questionnaire were selected by random sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The instrument was the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale. After taking the pretest from both groups, the experimental group received 8 consecutive two-hour treatment-centered compassion-based treatments in a group and weekly manner. The control group was placed on the waiting list. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using ANOVA test (ANCOVA). The mean and standard deviation of the scores of the subjects in the experimental group were 66.73±14.27 in the pre-test and 87.33±7.6 in the post-test phase. In the control group, the mean and standard deviation of the resiliency scores before and after the intervention were 59±16.01 and 58.8±15.85. The results of covariance analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the mean of the experimental and control groups with the control of the effect of the test (F=78.63 and p<0.01), which indicates the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy in increasing the resilience of the interventional subjects. CFT, as a new therapeutic method, is likely to be an appropriate intervention for reducing psychological problems and increasing mental health among MS patients. It is recommended that MS associations across Iran would use this therapeutic method for enhancing psychological health of patients.

Aims: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive and chronic disease of central nervous system with different symptoms and physical-psychological disabling effects, which brings about various problems for the patient. The present study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on mental health of women with multiple sclerosis.
The present research was a semi-empirical intervention conducted by pretest-posttest with control group design. The research population included all the women with active case file in MS association of Tehran in 2016. The sample was composed of 30 female patients which were selected by available sampling method and based on exclusion and inclusion criteria of the study and their scores in the questionnaire. The sample were assigned into experimental and control groups (15 individuals per group) by random assignment method. The study tool was general health questionnaire (GHQ) of Goldberg and Hiller (1979). After conducting the pretest for both groups, subjects of the experimental group received eight weekly 2-hour sessions of CFT in a group format. The control group was put in the waiting list. The data were analyzed through univariate covariance analysis (ANCOVA) in SPSS v18.
Findings: Results indicated that, after the posttest, there was a significant difference between mean scores of mental health among experimental and control groups. In other words, CFT led to increased mental health in subjects of the intervention group compared to the control group (p According to the results of the present study, the compassion-focused therapy reduces psychological problems and improves mental health of patients with multiple sclerosis through increasing their internal awareness, non-judgmental acceptance, empathy, and consistent attention to internal emotions. It is recommended that MS associations across Iran would use this therapeutic method for enhancing psychological health of patients.

Cancer is among various chronic diseases, and in spite of vast advancements made in medicine, progress of cancer treatments and the increasing number of survivors of cancer, this disease is still unique concerning the feelings of helplessness and deep fear which brings about in the individual. Compared to parents of healthy children, parents of children with cancer are more prone to psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, stress, and mental health threats in general. The present study was conducted by the aim of investigating the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on quality of life in mothers of children with cancer.
The present research was conducted by a semi-experimental method which used a pretest-posttest with control group design. Among all the mothers of children with cancer who visited The Institute of Supporting Children with Cancer (Mahak) in Tehran in 2016, 30 individuals were selected by available sampling method, and they were assigned into experiment and control groups randomly (15 individuals per group). The assessment of quality of life in the subjects was done by The World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQL). Participants of the experiment group received acceptance and commitment therapy for 8 sessions, while the control group received no intervention. For analyzing the data, univariate covariance analysis (ANCOVA) and SPSS v20 were used.
Mean and standard deviance of the subjects’ scores of quality of life in the experiment group was 70.40 ± 6.40 in the pretest, and it was 92.87 ± 13.35 in posttest. In addition, in the control group, mean and standard deviance of quality of life was 69.07 ± 5.73 in the pretest, and it was 68 ± 7.58 in the posttest. Results of the univariate covariance analysis suggested that the acceptance and commitment therapy had significantly improved quality of life in subjects of the experiment group in posttest (F = 45.35 and P Acceptance and commitment therapy was effective in improving quality of life in mothers of children with cancer. This therapeutic method is recommended as an appropriate and effective intervention for reducing psychological problems in parents of children with chronic diseases. Keywords: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cancer, Quality of Life

Autism spectrum disorder has been characterized by problems in social function, communication and having repetitive and stereotype behaviors. Due to ample problems of such children, families and particularly mothers suffer from tensions and psychological pressures. The present research was designed and conducted by the aim of investigating the effect of group based hope-therapy on resiliency of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder.
The present research was a semi-experimental intervention which was conducted by using a pretest-posttest with control group design. The research population included all the mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder visiting Nedaye-Asr rehabilitation center (specialized for autism children) in Tehran in 2016 whose children were diagnosed to have autism disorder by psychiatrist, pediatrician and clinical psychologist. 30 mothers with autistic children who gained the lowest scores in Connor- Davidson Resiliency Scale (2003) and possessed lower resiliency, were selected by available sampling method and were assigned into experiment and control groups through random assignment. After taking the pretest, subjects of the experiment group received 8 sessions of group based hope-therapy, while the control group were put in the waiting list. After finishing the sessions, the participants of both groups were again evaluated by the questionnaire. The research data were analyzed by univariate covariance analysis test (ANCOVA) and by using SPSS v18. R
esults: Results of the data analysis indicated that in the posttest stage, there was a significant different between the participants of experiment and control groups concerning their resiliency level. In another words, the group based hope-therapy sessions enhanced resiliency among the mothers of autistic children.
Based on the research results, the effect of hope-therapy on the resiliency of mothers of children with autism was confirmed. It is recommended that the centers specialized for autistic children across Iran would use the hope-therapy interventional package for the purpose of reducing psychological problems and enhancing mental health of parents of these children.

Solution- focused brief therapy is among modern approaches in individual, couple and family therapies which focus on finding solutions rather than on problems. The present study was conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of solution focused brief therapy in reducing depression and uplifting marital satisfaction in married women.
Material & The present study was a quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest design with control group. The research population consisted of all married women with depression and unsatisfied with marital life who visited Hamyaran-e-Salamat mental center of Ravanshahr, Bojnourd city in the second half of 2014. Among the applicants to participate in the research, 30 women were selected by available sampling method and they were randomly assigned into control and experiment groups. The research tools were the Depression Inventory of Beck and the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire which were completed by participants in pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. Afterwards, the solution-focused intervention was offered to the experimental group for 6 sessions, but the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed via multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and repeated measures method by SPSS (v.16) Software.
After the posttest and follow-up stages, results suggested a significant reduction in depression and increase in marital satisfaction scores in the experimental group compared to the control group. The findings indicate that the solution-focused brief therapy reduced the rate of depression and increased marital satisfaction among women in the intervention group. The results were persistent in the follow-up stage, as well.
The results demonstrated the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy in decreasing depression and increasing marital satisfaction. Therefore, conducting interventions based on this therapeutic approach can be effective in reducing psychological problems, such as depression and will improve the marital relationships of clients.

Nowadays couples experience severe and pervasive problems in establishing and maintaining the intimate relationships and to satisfy each other’s expectations and requirements. Building up and maintaining intimate relationships and satisfying mental and emotional needs in marriage are skills and art that along with the initial mental health and healthy experiences require logical attitudes and gaining skills and carrying out special tasks. The present study was carried out to examine the efficiency of educational interventions based on Gottman’s model on marital intimacy of women.
The quasi-experimental study was performed as pretest–posttest with a control group. The samples consisted of 24 qualified women from who were referred to Hamyaran Salamat Ravan institution of Bojnourd in 2014. They were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly replaced in experimental and control groups. In the pretest, both groups were evaluated by Thompson and Walker’s Marital Intimacy Scale 1983 (MIS-17). The training intervention based on Gottman was administered to experimental group in 6 sessions of 2 hours but control group received no intervention. After completion of the training sessions, both groups were post tested. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics methods and analysis of covariance using SPSS18 Software.
Data analysis showed significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms of marital intimacy. Gottman-based model of training intervention caused promotion in marital intimacy in experimental group.
Gotman’s training model improves intimate relationships. This method can be used for strengthening marital relationships.

Commitment is one of the most important components of a successful marriage that without it, the marital commitment will be superficial, apparent and without direction. In this case, the couples are not able to experience the depth of love and intimacy which create because of loyalty, commitment, and marriage. The Study had done the impact of the effect of educational assemble program of practical application of intimate relationship skills (PAIRS) on marital commitment.
This study was a quasi-experimental study that was conducted in a pretest-posttest control group method. The study population was couples that referred to Aram counseling and psychological services center in Gorgan were in the second quarter of 2016. Sample study was 20 couples who were selected and replaced in the experimental and control groups. Evaluation of using Adams and Jones’s standard questionnaire marital commitment took place. Couples of experimental group received the training based on the practical application of intimate relationship skills in 13 weekly sessions of group therapy. Data Analysis with SPSS 20 software and analysis of covariance was performed.
The results showed that the practical application of skills intimate relationship, the couple's marital commitment in the experimental group has improved.
Due to the results of this study recommended to marriage and family counselors that operate of this marriage enrichment program in marital counseling centers and workshops to improve a couple's intimate relationships and increase satisfaction.

The concept of Psychological Well-Being symbolizes a multi-dimensional structure consisting of life attitudes. it has been designed to investigate whether a person is aware of his potential, his goals, the quality of his relationships with others and what he feels about his life or not. The objective of this study is to predict psychological well-being based on social capital and psychological hardiness.
This descriptive–correlation study was conducted on 377 students selected by multi stage cluster sampling in Kharazmi, Islamic-Azad and Payam-e-Noor universities of Karaj, 2012-13 academic-years. The data was collected by Ryff´s Psychological Well-being Scale (PWBS), Delaviz Social Capital Scale (DSCS), and Personal Views Survey Questionnaire (PVSQ (, and analyzed by simultaneous multiple regression method in SPSS 18.
Findings: Results suggested that social capital and psychological hardiness predict 39.3% of the variance in psychological well-being in the students.
Given that social capital and psychological hardiness can predict the variance of psychological well-being in students, psychotherapists can increase the students’ psychological well-being by targeting these factors.

Couple burnout is one of the phenomena which involve many couples, it is among the main causes of emotional divorce, and without proper management and treatment, and it can lay the ground for formal divorce among couples. Cognitive behavioral couple therapy is one of the existing approaches in the couple therapy field, the efficiency of which has been established for resolving many marital problems. The present study was designed by the aim of investigating the effect of group cognitive behavioral couple therapy on couple burnout and divorce tendency in couples.
The present research was of applied research type. The research method was semi-empirical with a pretest-posttest with control group design. The research population included all the couples with marital conflict and problems who, after a recall announcement of the researcher, visited the counseling and psychological services center located in Gorgan city in 2014. By using the available sampling method, 20 couples were selected among the volunteer and qualified couples for the research, and they were assigned into experiment and control groups (10 couples per group) by random assignment. In the present research, the Pines burnout questionnaire (1996) and divorce tendency scale of Rouswelt, Johnson, and Mouro (1986) were used for gathering the data. After taking the pretest, the group cognitive behavioral couple therapy based on the couple therapy model of Baucom and colleagues (2008) was held in 10 2-hour weekly sessions for the experiment group couples, while the control group couples received no intervention. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics method and multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) in SPSS v.20.
The multivariate covariance analysis results for couple burnout (F= 28.80) and divorce tendency (F= 51.25) suggested that there was a significant difference between the couples of experiment and control groups (P The research findings indicate that the cognitive behavioral couple therapy model can reduce marital problems, and using this couple therapy approach is recommended for working with the couples involved in marital problems with divorce demand.

Most parents and teens have attitudes, viewpoints and completely different expectations about family rules, power and interpersonal relationships, leading to parent-child conflict. This study aimed at investigating the impact of REP on reducing parent-child conflicts.
This quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study with control was conducted on third- grade female students of Shahriar city in academic year of 2012-2013. Among the schools, one was selected via random sampling. Then, 20 students with the highest scores on the questionnaire were selected and assigned to two groups of experiment and control through random assignment method. Conflict tactics scale (CST, 1983) was used for gathering the data. After taking pretest from both groups, the educational intervention (REP) was performed for the experimental group in 8 group session, but the control group was put on the waiting list. The data was analyzed by Statistical software, SPSS v.18 & Multivariate Covariance Analysis Test (MANCOVA).
Findings: The result suggested that relationship enhancement program has significantly reduced parent-child conflict and its dimensions (verbal aggressiveness and physical aggressiveness). Other findings indicated that this educational intervention has been significantly effective in increasing the ability of using discursive strategies in students.
It seems that REP has reduced parent-child conflict through delivering effective relational skills, and it has also led to improvement in family relationship quality.