روح انگیز نوروزی نیا

Patient safety is crucial for effective healthcare delivery, and operating rooms (ORs) are among the most hazardous environments in hospitals. Identifying factors that contribute to errors and barriers to reporting them is essential. This study aimed to design and evaluate the psychometric properties of scales measuring factors influencing error occurrence and barriers to error reporting in the OR, as perceived by operating room and anesthesia students in 2022.

This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 2022 with 270 operating room and anesthesia students from Alborz University of Medical Sciences. Two scales were developed: one for “factors affecting the occurrence of errors” and another for “barriers to error reporting,” informed by literature review and expert panel insights. The scales underwent evaluation for face, content, and construct validity, as well as reliability assessment.

Following revisions for face validity, the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) for all items exceeded 0.62 and 0.7, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors for the error occurrence scale: individual factors (8 items), educational-skill factors (6 items), environmental factors (4 items), and managerial factors (4 items). Cronbach's alpha values ranged from 0.79 to 0.90, and McDonald's omega values from 0.7 to 0.87. For the error reporting scale, three factors emerged: legal consequences (11 items), management factors (4 items), and reporting process (4 items). Cronbach's alpha for these factors ranged from 0.86 to 0.95, and McDonald's omega from 0.7 to 0.89.

The developed scales demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability, making them suitable for assessing the factors influencing errors and reporting barriers in ORs from the perspective of operating room and anesthesia students. Addressing these factors can enable educational and medical managers to implement effective strategies to enhance patient safety by reducing errors and improving the reporting process in hospital ORs.

Lack of necessary awareness and misdiagnosis can have serious consequences in dental emergencies, potentially causing irreparable harm to the patient's health. This study aimed to assess dental students' knowledge at Alborz University of Medical Sciences regarding medical emergencies in 2019.

This descriptive, cross-sectional study included all dental students from the 6th to 12th semesters at Alborz University of Medical Sciences (100 students) using a census method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of three sections: demographic information, the necessity and sufficiency of learning about medical emergencies, and dental students' knowledge of medical emergencies. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 and descriptive and analytical statistics at a significance level of P < 0.05.

Out of 100 students, 90 completed the questionnaire. The mean knowledge score of the students was 9.63 ± 2.73, with the highest score being 15. 71.1% of participants agreed that the method of teaching medical emergencies should be changed. Additionally, 86.7% of the students felt the need for retraining in emergencies and how to handle them. There was a statistically significant difference between knowledge scores and the academic semester (P =0.01) and the history of attending cardiopulmonary resuscitation workshops (P = 0.03).

The knowledge of Alborz University of Medical Sciences dental students regarding medical emergencies was poor and unsatisfactory. The findings of this study, consistent with the results of other studies, highlight the necessity of reviewing and revising the curriculum related to medical emergencies in dentistry.

University professors are responsible for educating students academically and developing and enhancing their ethical values. Therefore, they must have a high level of ethical sensitivity. The present study aimed to determine the ethical sensitivity of the faculty members at Alborz University of Medical Sciences.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the first semester of the academic year 2020-2021 at Alborz University of Medical Sciences. The research population consisted of all faculty members (N=230) included in the study through a census method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire assessing ethical sensitivity. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 27 and descriptive and inferential statistics at a significance level of P<0.05.

The mean ethical sensitivity of participating faculty members in this study was 4.36 ± 0.39, which was higher than the average. The examination of the mean dimensions of ethical sensitivity also showed that all dimensions of ethical sensitivity had a higher-than-average mean. The highest mean was for the dimension of "attention and respect for others" with a mean of 4.60 ± 0.44, and the lowest mean was for the dimension of "self-awareness" with a value of 4.06 ± 0.56. A significant relationship was observed between ethical sensitivity and work experience.

The self-assessment score of ethical sensitivity of the participating faculty members in this study was high. Further studies are needed to determine why, despite the high rating of University professors in terms of ethical sensitivity, educational environments, and learners still face ethical challenges.

Health system workers, especially those like emergency medical personnel who are in direct contact with patients, are highly susceptible to workplace violence. A significant consequence of such violence is occupational stress. This study aims to explore the prevalence of workplace violence and its association with occupational stress among emergency medical workers in Alborz province in the year 2022.

This descriptive correlational study was conducted with 124 emergency medical workers at road and urban bases in Alborz province. The research tools included a Persian-adapted standard workplace violence questionnaire and the occupational stress questionnaire from the Health and Safety Institute of England. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS software, version 26.

The findings revealed that 62.1% of participants experienced physical violence, and 90% faced psychological violence. The highest incidence of physical (47.4%) and psychological (41.4%) violence occurred during the evening shift, while the morning shift saw the lowest rates. The average occupational stress levels for workers at road and urban bases were significantly high, measured at 120.5 ± 11.49 and 110.8 ± 16.76, respectively. Occupational stress was found to correlate negatively with the age and work experience of the employees, indicating lower stress levels with increasing age and experience.

Emergency medical workers often face highly stressful and anxious situations involving patients and their families. The nature of their work frequently exposes them to violence from patients or their companions, leading to heightened occupational stress.

One of the most important measures to reduce errors in operating rooms is to identify the causes of errors and their risk factors. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the factors affecting the occurrence of errors and the barriers to reporting them from the perspective of surgical technology and anesthesia students at Alborz University of Medical Sciences, 2022.

This is a cross-sectional descriptive study in which all verified undergraduate surgical technology and anesthesia students were enrolled by census method. Data collection tools included demographic data and factors affecting the occurrence of errors, and barriers to error reporting questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26, descriptive, and analytical statistics with a significant level of 0.05.

270 undergraduate surgical technology and anesthesia students took a part in this study. Findings indicate that the mean of the factors affecting the occurrence of errors was 2.62±0.74, and for the factors affecting error reporting it was 2.90±0.92. The highest mean score related to the field of environmental factors (2.82±0.85) among the factors affecting the occurrence of errors; and the scope of the reporting process (3.04±1.01) was one of the barriers to reporting errors.

The results of this study showed providing standard clinical training fields can have a significant impact on reducing the occurrence of errors. On the other hand, reforming the error reporting process and encouraging students to report errors should also be a priority for the management of educational and therapeutic centers.

Patient satisfaction is defined based on the level of similarity and proximity of the quality of care and services provided to the ideal conditions that the patient has in mind. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the level of satisfaction of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in hospitals affiliated with Alborz University of Medical Sciences from the medical services, hospital facilities, and medical staff performance.

This study was a descriptive- cross-sectional study conducted between February 2022 to September 2022. The study population consisted of all COVID-19 patients hospitalized in 3 hospitals affiliated with Alborz University of Medical Sciences in Alborz province, which were designated as specialized centers for providing services to COVID-19 patients during the coronavirus pandemic. They were included in the study using convenience sampling. The data collection tool in this study was a satisfaction assessment questionnaire.

In this study, 499 hospitalized COVID-19 patients (at the discharge stage) were included in the study. The mean age of the respondents was 51.35 ± 18.83 years. The results showed that the mean overall satisfaction of the patients was (3.80±0.40) and separately for each dimension of the questionnaire, including hospital facilities and medical services (3.62±0.39), and medical staff performance (3.97±0.51).The mean of all dimensions was higher than the midpoint value of 3.5. The comparison of the mean total score and dimensions of patient satisfaction based on demographic variables did not show any significant differences.

The level of patient satisfaction in this study was above average. In addition to indicating high-quality services, patient satisfaction can also play an important role in increasing their cooperation in accepting the disease, the treatment process, and adhering to medication regimens and care instructions.

Nurses, especially nurses in the intensive care unit, experience significant job stress that can endanger their health and cause a decrease in their sleep quality and happiness, and as a result, the quality of care for patients, and considering that the working conditions of the nurses in the intensive care unit Especially, it is in a way that increases emotional pressure and sad mood. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of online Pilates exercise on the quality of sleep and happiness of nurses in the intensive care unit.The study was a quasi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test with two intervention and control groups and was conducted on 70 female nurses with an average age of 30.14±3.26. The intervention was held online in 8 sessions (3 sessions per week, 50 minutes in the afternoon in the form of warm-up exercises, main exercises and cooling down). Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality and Oxford Happiness Questionnaires and analyzed with spss 23 software and chi-square, t-test, and Mann-Whitney tests. At the beginning of the study, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. But at the end of the intervention, the average score of total sleep quality (p=0.045) and happiness (p=0.0001) showed a significant improvement in the intervention group.To improve physical and mental health, improve the quality of life, sleep and happiness, classical Pilates exercise can be recommended to be included in daily programs.

Hospitals are one of the most important centers in confront epidemics and the proper preparation of these centers ensures rapid response and epidemic management. The aim of this study was to determine the readiness of hospitals affiliated to Yazd University of Medical Sciences after the third peak of corona in Iran.

This cross-sectional study was performed in 2021 to determine the readiness of 3 designated Corona hospitals affiliated to Yazd University of Medical Sciences in Iran. The data collection tool was a checklist provided by the World Health Organization on Hospital Readiness in the COVID-19 epidemic, including hospital specifications and 11 items with 107 questions, completed by Matron or the Secretary of the Hospital Crisis Committee.

In total, the three hospitals were 80% ready. Hospital C, with a total score of 203 out of 214, had the highest level of readiness compared to other medical centers. Hospital B and Hospital A were next with 157 and 155, respectively. In the study of each key element, the results showed that in three hospitals, the lowest percentage (58%) is related to communication and continuity of essential health services and patient care

According to the present results, it is necessary for hospitals to give more priority to these areas in future planning for the next wave of corona and other epidemics, and to equip and develop guidelines in the field of communication. Regarding the continuation of services to patients, planning to provide specialized manpower and related diagnostic and treatment equipment and the construction of crisis hospitals in Yazd province is proposed.

Pre-hospital emergency staff, as the first responder group at the scene of emergencies and disasters, should be able to cope with, and maintain their physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between resilience and self-efficacy of pre-hospital emergency staff with their professional quality of life.

Methods & Materials: 

The present study is a cross-sectional, descriptive study that was conducted in 2019. A total of 200 pre-hospital emergency operational staff from Alborz province participated in the study using proportional and convenience sampling. Data collection tools were a demographic form and three standardized questionnaires including the emergency medical services resilience scale, the Schwartz and Jerusalem self-efficacy scale, and the Stamm professional quality of life scale. Data were analyzed through the SPSS software version 20 using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and analytical statistics (Spearman correlation, one-way ANOVA and linear regression) at the significance level of P less than 0.05.

The mean and standard deviation of self-efficacy (29.67±5.82), resilience (123.14±17.07), compassion satisfaction (39.81±8.09), burnout (12.06±4.76), and secondary traumatic stress (23.61±7.27). There was a significant correlation between self-efficacy and three components of professional quality of life (P<0.05). Self-efficacy was positively related to compassion satisfaction and negatively related to burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Self-efficacy and resilience were also predictors of compassion satisfaction and burnout (P<0.05). The effect of self-efficacy and resilience on compassion satisfaction was positive. The results of stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that five components of resilience including self-management, stress outcomes, communication challenges, maintaining peace of mind and job motivation had an effect on compassion satisfaction (P<0.05). The effect of all resilience components on compassion satisfaction was positive.

Alborz pre-hospital emergency operational staff were at an acceptable level in terms of resilience, self-efficacy and professional quality of life.

Nursing students, as individuals who interact directly with patients, need to have good communication skills, Because effective communication improves and enhances their clinical skills and is essential for successful patient care. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the student-patient relationship from the viewpoints of nursing students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences in years of 2020.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which all 3rd to 8th semester nursing undergraduate students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences were enrolled by census method. Data collection tool was a two part electronic researcher made questionnaire included demographic information questionnaire and assessing the factors affecting the student-patient relationship. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 26 and descriptive statistics.

149 of undergraduate nursing students participated in this study. According to the findings, students identified professional factors with an average of 3/98±0/65 as the most and individual factors with an average of 3/44±0/55 as the least effective factors on their relationship with the patient.

The results of this study showed that based on studentschr('39') perspectives, professional, environmental, clinical, and educational factors are primarily important and then social and individual factors can affect the student-patient relationship. The officials of the educational and medical system, by eliminating the shortcomings that exist in this field, can improve the quality of studentschr('39') education and also improve the quality and quantity of care services provided by students to help patients.

It is essential to evaluate the present situation, make a plan, and do some structural and executive changes to improve the quality and quantity level of clinical evaluation. This study aimed to determine the clinical evaluation status of undergraduate nursing students from the viewpoints of students and teachers in Alborz University of Medical Sciences.

The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 2020. All 3rd to 8th semester undergraduate nursing students and all nursing teachers of Alborz University of Medical Sciences were enrolled in the study by the census method. Data collection tools included a questionnaire to assess the status of clinical evaluation, which were completed electronically by students and teachers. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 26 and descriptive statistics.

Findings showed that the mean of studentsי opinions score was 2.85±0.74 and it was lower than the grand mean of the questionnaire. Teachers had the same status; their scoresי mean was 2.90±0.68 in the questionnaire. Moreover, findings showed that the present method of clinical evaluation, which is based on the teacher-made checklists, does not have enough quality and acceptability from the viewpoints of 65.2% of teachers and 57.1% of students.

The results of this study showed that from the point of view of the students and teachers, the evaluation forms (scales) used were inadequate and non-standard. According to the results of this study, it is essential to modify and revision the forms and generally the process of the clinical evaluation to achieve the goals of clinical education and empower nursing students.

Due to the important role of nursing in the health care system of the country, it is necessary to pay attention to improving the quality of clinical education. This study aimed to determine the status of clinical education and the factors affecting effective clinical education from the perspective of nursing students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences in the year 2020.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which all 3rd to 8th semester nursing undergraduate students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences were enrolled by the census method. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, a questionnaire to assess the status of clinical education ,and questionnaire to evaluate the factors affecting effective clinical education. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 26 and descriptive statistics.

A total of 155 nursing students participated in this study. According to the findings, in the status of clinical education questionnaire, mean scores obtained in the areas of goals and educational program (3.30±0.74) at the moderate level, instructor performance (3.65±0.75) at a good level, dealing with the student (2.92±0.88) at the moderate level, the educational environment (2.75±0.88) was at the moderate level and monitoring and evaluation (3.13±0.98) were at the moderate level. Also, in the questionnaire of factors affecting effective clinical education, mean scores obtained in the areas of student personal characteristics (3.67±0.84), personal characteristics of clinical instructor (3.59±0.92), clinical environment conditions (3.06±1.02), educational planning (3.26±1.02) ,and clinical evaluation (3.05±1.02).

The status of clinical education from the perspective of the students was moderate. Also, the two areas of student personal characteristics and personal characteristics of the clinical instructor are more effective in clinical education. Admitting students based on the capacity of clinical standards, providing welfare educational facilities, determining the duties of instructors and students in teaching hospitals, using modern methods of clinical education, and virtual hospital to improve and enhance the quality of clinical education is necessary.

The SERVQUAL model is one of the most common models used for assessing the quality of educational services. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of educational services based on SERVQUAL model in viewpoint of medical students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences in three stages: basic sciences, externship and internship.

The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive analytical study in which 332 medical students were enrolled in three stages: basic sciences, externship and internship randomly. The data gathered using a questionnaire of 25 questions which was designed based on the standardized SERVQUAL questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, independent t-test and one way ANOVA with Spss V.24.0.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the expectations and perceptions of medic al students in all aspects and in total score and their expectations had not been met. The maximum gap was related to the assurance dimension and the lowest gap was related to the reliability dimension. The overall gap was also 1.50. In addition, students' expectations at different stages were different in all aspects except "tangible dimensions" and "total quality of services". But their perception was different in two dimensions of tangible and reliable.

According to the results of this study, the students are dissatisfied with the current condition in the university and there is a long way to accomplish the desired status and satisfaction of the students as the main customers of the university’s educational services, and in many cases there is a need to evaluate and improve the conditions.

education of professional ethics is a necessary section of nursing curriculum. To change attitude and function, traditional educational methods are not effective versus active models. This study conducted to comparison of two active learning educational models; role-playing with jurisprudential inquiry model 

in this quasi-experimental study, 79 nursing students selected by stage sampling. Half of them received their education via roleplaying and other half student received it by jurisprudential inquiry model. Data collected via a writing test in two stages. The test designed and validated according to ethical reasoning resources and analyzed with SPSS software.

paired t-test did not show any significant difference between mean scores of ethics in 4 weeks after education with 3 months later. Mean score of professional ethics in related with colleges, 3 month after education, showed a significant difference among jurisprudential inquiry model group (p=0.03). 

jurisprudential inquiry model is more effective than role-playing in long-term remembering of professional ethics of nursing students, especially in relationship with colleges. In short-term, both are effective, equally.