فهرست مطالب زهرا رجبی

Throughout history, war as a social phenomenon has generally been a male affair, tied to the active role of men in the front line; and women and children have been mostly innocent victims of wars. In the history of Iran during the Mongol period, this passive position of women, affected by the relative equality of men and women in the culture of the Turks, has been disrupted to some extent. The present study has discussed the discussion of women in the wars of this period in a descriptive-analytical way based on Tarikh-i Jahangushay-i Juvayni to find out how and to what extent the active or passive role of women in the wars of the Mongol era have been. Based on the results, the manifestations of women's presence in the wars mentioned in Tarikh-i Jahangushay-i Juvayni can be divided into two macro narratives: powerful women and dominated women, reflected in forms such as the presence and direct influence of domineering women and warrior women; as well as indirect roles such as political wives, wives-hostages, captured maids, and pleasure tools. Moreover, as a literary historian, Juvayni has occasionally used the presence of women in wars with a symbolic and literary-artistic function to narrate wars aesthetically, to express political-critical humor towards incompetent rulers, to express cultural stereotypes, and to criticize traitorous politicians.

Today, Foodborne diseases (FBD) are one the important concerns in the world. The indiscriminate and incorrect use of antibiotics has caused resistance in many bacteria, which is a serious threat to public health. This study was conducted on all food-borne outbreaks that occurred in Semnan Province during one year (April to March 2020). The samples were examined for isolation and detection of Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia coli O: 157: H7. Data were collected based on a questionnaire and laboratory data. The results of the study were analyzed by SPSS software version 19. The results showed that the prevalence of outbreaks in women (46 %) was higher than in men and children. The age group of 24 to 44 (31.57%) included the most affected cases. The frequency of the outbreak in the city (%57/31) was higher than in the village (%42/69). The incidence of bacterial agents in water was lower than in food and homemade food consumption was lower than takeout food (44/45%). About (73%) of the bacterial abundance belonged to Escherichia coli species. Shigella and Salmonella contamination of food was 2.9%. According to the results of the present study, women are the most vulnerable groups, and consumption of takeout foods and urbanization are important causes of food outbreaks in Semnan province. Also, Salmonella and Shigella can be considered as important causes of diarrhea in Semnan food outbreaks.

Adjective is one of the three main elements of language that play a significant part in producing and conveying textual meaning. Robert Dixon, a contemporary English linguist, has provided a semantic typology of adjectives that consists of thirteen types. Adopting a descriptive-analytic methodology, the present study investigates the semantic and rhetorical functions of adjectives in the collected poems of Qeysar Aminpour according to Dixon’s model to see how the use of adjectives in the poems is related to the evolution of the poet’s attitudes. The findings of this research show that, apart from their primary semantic functions, adjectives and adjectival phrases play various significant aesthetic and rhetorical roles in Aminpour’s poems in creating music, poetic imagery, and such tropes as metaphor, simile, pun, allusion, and synaesthesia. It is also demonstrated that throughout Aminpour’s poetic career the frequency and functions of adjectives noticeably changed in accordance with significant changes in his attitudes toward both poetry and society. According to the data collected and analyzed in this study, four types of adjectives, i.e., speed, similarity, difficulty, and age, do not serve any rhetorical function in his poems, whereas the highest number of rhetorical functions is fulfilled by adjectives of physical properties, color, human propensity, and quality. Moreover, in terms of usage of adjectives and the number of their rhetorical functions the two volumes entitled “Sudden Mirrors” and “All Flowers Are Sunflowers,” written in the middle of his poetic career, are richer than the other two volumes of his poetry and the higher rate of using synaesthesia and pun in them signals the poet’s introversion and romantic mood in that stage. On the other hand, the higher number of adjectives of color and value in his first volume of poetry (“The Morning’s Breath”) accords with the poet’s mood during the Iran-Iraq War.

Undoubtedly, the background of the Mongols' attacks on different Territory and their massive massacres has usually associated the name of the Mongols in the minds of the people of the world since the same time (7th century A.H.) with attributes such as violence, cruelty and cruelty of heart. Perhaps this is the reason why sometimes the question arises in people's minds, whether they were characterized by such traits and had such behaviors in their families. By carefully studying and analyzing the sources of that period, it seems that the result was completely different, and in fact, the family had a very high value and prestige in the eyes of the Mongols. The noteworthy point is that according to the reports of sources and original texts, in addition to women, girls as a member of the family institution in Mongol tribes had a special position and dignity in the house and tribe. The main question of the current research is, why are we facing such an interesting phenomenon among those tribes,

The Safavid era in the history of Iran, following the advent of Islam, holds a significant place in terms of politics and religion due to the establishment of political unity within Iran's borders and the embrace of the Shiite faith. This period was characterized by the Safavid rulers' confrontations with internal dissidents and diverse foreign adversaries. While historical sources from the Safavid era depict these confrontations and conflicts, they are not always faithful representations of reality. Instead, they often reflect the historians' interpretation of events, blending historical content with literary expression. The present study, conducted through a comprehensive review of relevant sources from the Safavid era, aims to explore the intertwined nature of history and poetry, and how these two elements have shaped historical narratives during this period. By delving into the use of poetry within historical texts, the research seeks to understand the role of poetic expression in conveying historical events and stories. The research findings reveal that the extensive incorporation of poetry in historical texts of the Safavid era can be attributed to several factors, including its heightened appeal and influence, the influence of the historiographical tradition from the Mongol era and earlier periods, and the educational backgrounds of the historians of this time, who were steeped in literary traditions before transitioning to historical authorship.

 Narration focalization is one of the discussions of narrative theories that are very much considered in fiction and in the analysis of the abilities and techniques that the authors uses to form their own narratives. Considering the importance of the discussion of narration focalization analysis in a better and more precise knowledge of narrative works, in this research, two narratives of "Shazdeh Ehtejab" by "Hooshang-Golshiri" and "Jaaye Khaliye saluoch" by "Mahmud Dowlatabadi" in terms of the narrative focalization, in a descriptive-analytical method have been investigated to see whether there is a significant difference between them regarding the discussion of narration focalization or not.The structure of this research has been set in five chapters: the first chapter has explained the introduction. The second chapter consists of definitions and overviews, and in the third chapter, the obtained pattern has been implemented in two works.Then in the fourth chapter, the components of the two novels are compared. Finally, in the last chapter, the similarities and differences between the two narratives are discussed.The results of this study showed that Golshiri benefited more from the ideological components, direct speech, direct and indirect monologue, frequency of repetition, far-reaching retrospective, and descriptive pause; while, Dowlatabadi has used direct speech, prolepsis, indirect monologue, and emotional aspects more.and this has increased the speed of his narrative more. As a whole, with respect to the comparison among four narration focalization time-related componenets, it may be concluded that despite the different styles of these two works, time-related strategies has been used approximately to the same degree in both, and it seems there is no significant difference considering these components between them.KeyWords: Naration, Naration Focalization, “Shazdeh Ehtejab”, Jaye Khaliye Salouch”.

Despite advances in oral health and dental industry, tooth decay remains one of the most common oral diseases. One of the new methods to combat dental plaque, which is the main cause of caries, is using specific lytic bacteriophage. This study aimed to investigate the effect of isolated specific lytic phage against growth and biofilm inhibition of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis isolated from decayed dental plaque samples.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, dental plaque samples were cultured in MSA-specific medium to isolate S. mutans and S. sanguinis. Suspicious isolates were examined by biochemical tests and finally confirmed molecularly by PCR. The ability to form biofilm was measured by crystal violet colorimetry on a microtiter plate. Lytic bacteriophage was isolated from urban raw sewage using double layer agar method and phage morphology was examined by TEM electron microscopy. The effect of lytic phage on the growth of S. mutans and S. sanguinis was measured by agar spot and well diffusion and its inhibition effect on biofilm was assayed by microtiter plate method.

Out of 150 plaque samples, S. mutans and S. sanguinis strains were isolated from 65 (43.33%) and 40 (26.67%) samples, respectively. S. mutans isolates showed stronger biofilm formation (OD= 0.43). The results of TEM showed lytic bacteriophage belonging to Siphoviridae family with a good inhibitory effect on the growth of S. mutans and S. sanguinis that was able to inhibit biofilm formation up to 96%.

Due to the small size of the phage particles that can have good penetration power to enter the biofilm layers, it can be concluded that the phage has the ability to fight dental plaque.

Considering the frequency of MRSA strains in hospitals and medical centers as well as in different communities, it seems necessary and important to observe the use of appropriate drugs in order to reduce antibiotic resistance and reduce the economic costs of treatment. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern of MRSA isolated from blood and wound samples of patients. The study patients were hospitalized in different departments in a number of Tehran University of Medical Sciences hospitals.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study from September 2021 to February 2022, the blood and wound samples of the patients were collected and referred to laboratory. Staphylococcus aureus had identified by phenotypic and biotypic tests. MRSA isolates were screened by showing resistance to Cefoxitin by disc diffusion method and finally confirmed by examining the mecA gene by PCR. The microbial resistance pattern of MRSA was also measured by disk diffusion method and resistance to Vancomycin was confirmed by E.test.

41 isolates from 87 Staphylococcus aureus samples were confirmed as MRSA by present the mecA gene. The mecA gene was detected in all MRSA by PCR method. The antibiotic resistance pattern showed the highest sensitivity to Vancomycin and Linezolid with 100% sensitivity and the highest resistance to three antibiotics Erythromycin, Ceftriaxone and Cloxacillin with 97.57%by disk diffusion method. The most MRSA strains were isolated from the ICU department with 13 cases and the least MRSA strains were isolated from the two NICU and pediatric departments with one case.The majority of the population infected with MRSA belonged to the age group of 40-65 years.

The prevalence of microbial resistance with high dispersion was obtained among MRSA strains isolated from clinical samples; which indicates a significant increase in resistant strains and requires a quick and timely diagnosis to prescribe the appropriate antibiotic.

The aim of this study was to analysis of elementary science textbooks based on the representation of nature of science. The research method was descriptive and content analysis. The statistical population of the research included the experimental science textbooks of the sixth grades of the academic year of 2021, simple random sampling was used and the size of the population was equal to the sample. The data collection tool was a content analysis checklist (adapted from Phillips et al., 2015). The unit of analysis consisted of complete sentences and paragraphs, questions, figures, tables, margins or definitions, and each stage of a laboratory or practical activity. The reliability of the instrument was estimated to be 0.82 through calculating the Holsti index. Data analysis was done using compensatory data processing method, that is, Shannon entropy. The results showed that the highest level of attention of elementary science textbooks is related to the science as a way of investigating and the least attention was paid to the science textbooks of elementary school related to the component of science as the interaction of science, technology, and society. The results also showed that the balanced ratio in the distribution of components was not observed in science textbooks. The general result of the research indicated that the distribution of the components of the nature of science in elementary science textbooks needs to be revised based on the results of current research.

Anatomy of rhetorical-lingual techniques of Masnavi satire narrationsZahra RajabiAssistant Professor, Persian Language and Literature Department Arak University of Arak, [email protected] IntroductionHumor and Satire is one of the ancient literary genres that in the last two centuries, with the development of literary criticism studies, the discussion of humor has been raised as a complex and polyhedral sociological, psychoanalytic, epistemological, and linguistic matter. Arthur Asa Berger, a prominent contemporary professor of communication science, from an interdisciplinary perspective regarded humor as a communicative issue which depends on usage of multifaceted literary, logical, identity, and action of routine language. In addition, he has presented a global and general model for humor function based on lingual-semantic structure which includes 45 lingual-rhetorical techniques, and has called it "humorous anatomy". In the present study, humorous narratives of 6 books of Rumi's Masnavi have been studied and analyzed based on Berger's view point.Research method, background and purposeThis research has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner using library tools. Thus, after referring to relevant theoretical resources, the words humor and satire were defined and their position was expressed in mystical texts. Then, Burger's anatomical theory was introduced and after that, humorous narratives which have been extracted from 6 books of Masnavi studied and analyzed based on Burger's point of view. So far, Berger theory has not been used in Persian satire research, but many studies have been done in Western research for example, in the study "Developing a Typology of Humor in Audiovisual Media" (Buijzen & Valkenburg, 2009), 319 humor commercials have been examined on this basis, and it concluded that of 41 techniques available in the advertisements, 7 techniques were the most used. Mardiana et al. (2016) have examined burger techniques in a comedy television series and concluded language tricks and use of stories with logical techniques are the cause of laughter in this TV series. Therefore, the aim of the present study is investigating the anatomy of 76 humorous narratives of Rumi's Masnavi, one of the greatest works of Persian literature, in order to introduce Berger's theory in Persian satire research to know the most important lingual-semantic techniques used in Masnavi humor; and of four technique types of language, logic, identity and action, which one has the greatest effect on lingual-rhetorical structure of Masnavi humor narratives.

Terms such as comedy, satire and humor have different definitions. Since humor means anything that intentionally or unintentionally causes laughter in the audience, and somehow encompasses all other forms of this genre, such as comedy, jokes, humor, etc., Burger also has chosen the word humor for his theory. Looking for a global model for any humorous speech, he found that laugher is created at the linguistic-semantic level and is mostly the result of purposeful use of rhetorical tools. Burger, like Propp, who was looking for constructive functions of popular narrative textsp, concluded that there were 45 fixed linguistic-rhetorical techniques in various humorous texts that in different combinations made audience laugh.  He categorized these 45 techniques into four groups: language, logic, nature (identity), and action. There are 76 short and long humorous narratives in 6 books of Rumi's Masnavi, in which 409 different techniques have been used. Studying the variety and number of these techniques shows that Rumi used less humorous narratives at the beginning of composing Masnavi especially in the first two books but with more artistic processing and technical variety which indicates the spontaneity and interest of the audiences present in Rumi's lesson sessions. The number of humorous narratives in the second book is more than the first, third and fourth books which may be due to the interruption and delay had occurred between composing the first and second books of Masnavi. On this basis, there is state of stability and balance in the third and fourth books; While in the last two books, which were certainly composed long after the beginning of the Masnavi's lesson sessions and his audiences probably might have lost some of their motivation, Rumi has been persuaded that during his speeches and lessons to use more humorous narrations as a tool to attract the audience's attention and create successive variations in his speeches. Although the number of humorous narrations in the last two books is too higher, in average number of techniques used in them are much less also in terms of frequency, 19 repetitive techniques in Masnavi's humor are: Stereotypes, Ignorance, Repetition, Satire, Irony, Embarrassment, Absurdity, Allusion, Analogy, Before/After, Bombast, Eccentricity, Exaggeration, Repartee, Slapstick, Disappointment, Reversal, Impersonation.In terms of categorization, the techniques relevant to logic category, such as Absurdity, Coincidence, Analogy, Reversal, Comparison, etc, that understanding of their working are related to the aspect of logical and argumentative thinking, have the greatest share in the structure of Masnavi's humor. In the next level, other language techniques such as Irony, Bombast, Embarrassment, Allusion, Facetiousness, Satire, Repartee, etc, Which are mostly related to the humorous aspects of everyday language using common and understandable rhetorical skills among people.

The present study has two main conclusions first, introduce the Burger's anatomical theory and a new approach in Persian humor research, based on context-based and linguistic-rhetorical structural techniques. And second, indication the mechanism of Rumi's Masnavi humor. The results showed that what causes laught in Rumi's audience depends on the linguistic-rhetorical structure of these humors and the distinguished usage of these four categories of techniques by Rumi. His specific style is the use of techniques that depend on the reasoning aspect of language and mental operations. From a linguistic point of view, more emphasis is put on simple and conventional techniques such as Exaggeration, Bombast and Repartee. However, it was found that in immoral humorous narrations on the contrary irony and allusion, which are usually used for indirect reference, is applied more.

Reducing inventory costs is among the essential strategies for survival and profitability in today’s competitive environment. Classical inventory models have been developed to minimize inventory costs. However, they have several limiting assumptions. In this study, a three-level logistic chain consisting of a manufacturer, a distributor, and a retailer is considered. The problem of optimizing the inventory model for the distributor is examined. The distributor orders the products from the manufacturer. However, the manufacturer does not simultaneously deliver the total order and sends them in several discrete instances. In other words, it employs the multi-delivery strategy. Furthermore, the retailer’s demand is discrete and equal to a fixed amount at each equal interval of time. The distributor aims to determine the optimal order quantity and the optimal plan of receiving orders to minimize the total costs. Finally, the proposed problem is analyzed in a numerical example, and the results are compared with the classical inventory model. The results show that the proposed model has better performance with increasing holding and fixed ordering costs.

Resistance to a wide range of beta-lactam family antibiotics is due to the emergence of new beta-lactamases among bacterial strains. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of ESBLs in Klebsiella speices isolated from raw and pasteurized school
milk using phenotypic and genotypic methods. 

In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 200 samples of raw and pasteurized school milk were analyzed for the presence of Klebsiella spp. Samples were grown on Hektoen enteric agar medium. Suspected colonies of Klebsiella spp. were confirmed running differential tests. For the initial screening of ESBL producing organisms, the Disk Diffusion Agar method (DDA) was used. Final confirmation was done using PCR.

Out of 200 samples tested, 44 isolates were identified as Klebsiella, 32 isolates (72.7%) from raw and 12 (27.3%) from pasteurized school milk. In general, 14 (31.8%) isolates that were resistant to at least ceftazidime or cefotaxime antibiotics were selected for confirmatory testing.In Multiplex PCR assay, 6 (3%) isolates were screened for the confirmatory test (5 raw and 1 pasteurized school milk). Out of 6 isolates, 4 (2%) and 1 (0.5%) isolates contained TEM and DHA genes, and 2 (1%) and 1 (0.5%) isolates contained SHV and CITM genes, respectively.

It is difficult to identify the enzymes producing strains through the phenotypic tests; therefore, the inclusion of molecular probes using universal primers along with phenotypic tests can be used for the detection of these types of resistance, which play a major role in infection control.

Today, with the high advancement of technology and the importance of cars on the streets, the movement of pedestrians in different levels of the city has become insignificant. There is a sense of vitality among citizens as well as the lack of urban spaces. This issue has been neglected in many cities of Iran and needs to be planned. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Khayyam pedestrian way in promoting the sense of vitality of the city so that it is out of a space just for pass and become a dynamic space for citizens to attend desirably. Extracting indicators affecting this goal have provided effective solutions to enhance the sense of vitality of the space. This research is in the category of analytical methods from the target position. In the sample section, field observations, interviews with officials, as well as filling out questionnaires from pedestrians were used. According to Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were randomly distributed and then the data based on exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation test and regression analysis were analyzed. According to the results of expert analysis and statistical analysis, the use of principles such as considering the attraction of absorbing spaces as a source and destination in different parts of the street, proper wall design, using historical elements and ... help to enhance the sense of vitality.

Achieving economic growth, sustainable development and optimal resource allocation requires an efficient financial system that can allocate the most resources at the lowest cost. The most important characteristics of the Iranian financial market are the lack of strong financial instruments and institutions and its bank-orientation due to the absence of an efficient capital market, which has led to control and comprehensive government intervention in economic and financial activities. Crimes against the capital market violate and challenge the economic system's values, musts and must nots. It is through the perpetration of these behaviors that fair competition, mutual trust between actors, the capital market, and transparency in information are severely damaged. This research intends to review the existing procedures for dealing with crimes in the capital market and to express strategies to strengthen its efficiency. The methodology of this article is a descriptive analysis of money market challenges and existing procedures for dealing with capital market crimes. The results of this study indicate the fact that the main reason for the underdevelopment of the Iranian financial market is not the use of new financing tools, but the inadequate organizational structure and the absence of regulatory standards. Studies conducted in the field of money and capital markets of the country show that the country's capital market is underdeveloped and needs to be examined and pathologically. It should be noted that the results of this study can be used as a policy recommendation for policy makers and planners of the country and the central bank.

Nomination is a discourse-oriented structure rooted in the ideology of the speaker, showing his/her orientation towards different social actors, and sometimes helping to induce his/her thoughts. This study is conducted to examine and analyze this structure in Seyyed Ashrafuddin Gilani’s poetry, based on van Leeuwen’s (1996) model of the representation of social actors. The paper seeks to answer the following questions: 1. Which social actors are represented in his poems, using the discourse-oriented component of nomination? 2. What factors have influenced his application of this discourse-oriented structure to social actors? 3. What emotions and thoughts are induced by nomination in his poems? According to the findings, the poet represents contemporary and historical social actors (religious and national) using direct and indirect naming. Some of the factors affecting the application of this discourse-oriented structure to the above actors are Seyyed Ashrafuddin’s main audience, the general public, his religious worldview, and the social conditions of the time, which necessitated a reminder of Iran’s glorious past. Nasim-e Shomal uses a variety of names in his poetry to arouse the religious and national emotions of the people, express the attitude and orientation of the speaker towards the relevant actors, inform the people about Iran’s great past, and pay homage to the agents, among others.  Extended Abstract1.IntroductionAs a core component of culture, literature cannot be disconnected from the socio-political situations that affect it in different ways. The Iranian Constitutional Revolution had a remarkable influence on Iranian literature, making it reflect important socio-political aspects of the period. The present article seeks to study the socio-political aspects of the poetry of Seyyed Ashrafuddin Gilani, an important literary figure of the Constitutional era, based on van Leeuwen’s idea of the representation of social actors. Attempt is made to identify the social actors represented in his poetry through nomination, the factors influencing the poet in applying this discourse-centered structure to social actors, and the ideas and emotions evoked in his poetry through nomination. 2.Theoretical FrameworkThe present article adopts van Leeuwen’s semantic-sociological approach, in which the depiction of social actors is influenced by the social/intellectual views and the power relations governing society. Nomination, as one of the discursive structures in van Leeuwen’s theory, is focused on in the analysis of Ashrafuddin Gilani’s poetry.  3.MethodologyCritical discourse analysis is a text-based analysis of the qualitative type which deals with the study of language in social interactions, the relationship between ideology and language and how meaning is produced in discourse. In the present article, the quantitative method is used to examine nomination in the poetry of Ashrafuddin Gilani. Then the qualitative method is applied to the analysis of the data. 4.Discussion and Analysis In Seyyed Ashrafuddin Gilani’s poetry both direct nomination and indirect nomination have been used. The social actors represented through nomination in his poetry can be divided into two groups: contemporary social actors, including the poet himself, ordinary people and social and political figures, and historical social actors, including religious social actors and national social actors. Ordinary people play a greater role in his poetry as he has mostly addressed the common people. Of the historical social figure, religious social actors play a greater part, which is due to the religious worldview the poet has adopted in dealing with social and political topics. 5.ConclusionAs can be concluded from the analysis of the data, Ashrafuddin Gilani has used direct and indirect nomination to represent contemporary social actors and historical social actors. The main audiences of the poet were the general public, which made him pay more attention to them in his poetry. And because of his religious beliefs and the social situation of the time, religious social actors attracted more attention in his poetry. Different types of nomination have been used in his poetry to encourage the religious and national emotions of his audiences and make them aware of their glorious past. Select BibliographyAghagolzadeh, F. 1385 [2006]. Tahlile Gofteman-e Enteqadi. Tehran: Elemi va Farhangi.Fairclough, N. 1379 [2000]. Tahlil-e Enteqadi-e Gofteman. F. Shayesteh et al. (trans.). Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance.Jorgensen, M. and Philips. L. 1395 [2016]. Nazaryeh va Ravesh dar Tahlil-e Gofteman. Tehran: Nay.Nafisi, S. 1385 [2006]. “Seyyed Asharafuddin Gilani.” In: Namini, H. (ed.). Kolliyat-e Javedaneh-ye Nasim-e Shomal. Tehran: Asatir.Namini, H. (ed.). 1385 [2006]. Kolliyat-e Javedaneh-ye Nasim-e Shomal. Tehran: Asatir.Vahida, F. 1387. Jame’eh-shenasi dar Adabyat-e Farsi. Tehran: SAMT.Van Leeuwen, T. 1996. “The Representation of Social Actors.” In: C. R. Caldas-Coulthard and Coulthard, M. (eds.). Texts and Practices: Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Routledge. pp. 32-70.Yarmohammadi, L. 1385 [2006]. Ertebatat az Manzar-e Goftemanshenasi-e Enteqadi. Tehran: Hermes.Yarmohammadi, L. 1391 [2012]. Daramdi beh Goftemanshenasi. Tehran: Hermes.

Following a logical course in form and meaning causes harmony and connection between different components of poetry, which can be extracted by identifying and analyzing the factors used in the text. This study, while raising the issue of the issue of semantic coherence in Persian poetry from what period and for what reason, seeks to answer these questions: What factors owe the semantic coherence of Monzavi" lyric poems? How did these factors form the semantic structure of the Monzavi" sonnet?

The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, examined the factors that create semantic coherence in seven sets of Monzavi" poems, which include four hundred and sixty sonnets, which and enumerated some approaches.

A careful and meticulous study of the component of semantic coherence in Monzavi" poems revealed that 55% of Monzavi" sonnets have a coherent semantic structure.

The principles governing the relationships between images or illustrative elements of Monzavi poems are examined and classified into five axes: word fit, pattern repetition, meaning association in terms of similarity, narrative element, and extension of a theme or image.

Allusion is one of the oldest and most widely used rhetorical devices, which because of, among others, compactness and linguistic brevity, the inclusion of a part of an absent text in a present text and the prominent role of the audience in merging and receiving this textual interference, has attracted the attention of poets in all periods and has added to the semantic richness and beauty of poetry. This literary device has been used in the poems of contemporary poets in more complex ways and with more variety of form and content, the analysis of which requires more detailed studies taking new approaches. On the other hand, Qur’anic stories are among the first texts that classical and contemporary Persian poets refer to in their allusions. Accordingly, in this study, the narrative-Qur’anic allusions in Fazel Nazari poetry were studied placing emphasis on the structural and formal diversity of his allusions to identify the most frequent narrative allusions as well as the methods and techniques using which he has employed the narrative allusions of the Qur’an in his poetry. A descriptive-analytical study of all six poetry books of Nazari showed that in terms of content, the stories of Adam (AS) and Yusuf (AS) are the most frequent Qur’anic allusions in his sonnets. Furthermore, structurally speaking, there are all kinds of combinational, multimodal, echoic, ironic, etc. allusions in his poems, which indicates the variety of applications and the complexities and artistic delicacies of this device in the poems of this poet.

In the process of developing the country and implementing effective development projects in improving the production infrastructure, one of the most important and sensitive parts that are the focus of managers and policy makers of the production system is to provide and provide initial capital. One of the various ways of financing the government to advance projects is to provide the basis for financing from abroad. A fixed issue that has been mentioned in the budget programs of previous years, and the government has been tasked with designing and upgrading the foreign financing system. The municipality uses internal resources (operating income, general budget, reserves, etc.) and sources outside the municipality to meet its current and development financial needs. The municipality's internal resources do not normally meet its financial needs; As a result, the municipality will not be able to implement urban projects on which city life depends. Therefore, inevitably, through interaction with the financial system outside its resources, it finances projects. Municipalities receive credit from financial institutions active in financial markets, such as banks or capital markets in financial markets, to meet their financial needs, and obtain the funds they need. The obtained cash is used in its current and development operations; As a result, revenue is generated or a service is provided in the city. This study seeks to understand the interaction of the municipality with the financial system to determine the position of foreign financing in this field and its efficiency.

Municipal accounting in comparison with commercial accounting is a part of government accounting and all the characteristics of various government accounting books and sources are also true of municipal accounting, but municipal accounting in comparison with government accounting has a special feature. Government executive bodies, whose program budget credit is provided and paid from the credit of the whole country, will create obligations and pay the expenses incurred, and will record the expenses incurred in their offices, and the government revenue will be concentrated in another body. In the case of municipalities, revenue and expenditure accounting will be integrated in a single financial unit and reflected in the offices, and municipal revenue accounts can be combined or decentralized and operated separately. Accrual financial reporting refers to the preparation of financial statements and annual reports based on accrual information. Accrual-based financial statements provide more comprehensive accounting information than information from a traditional cash accounting system. Financial statements based on a liability for a unit include operations statement, plan statement, statement of assets and liabilities, cash flow statement, statement of accounts and accompanying notes, and documents relating to the independent manager and auditor.

Today, the first and most important constraints to solve increasing urban problems and inefficiency of services, lack of sustainable financial resources, inefficient management system and cost planning, which ultimately leads to the failure of the projected urban landscape and citizen dissatisfaction. Therefore, the need for further studies in this field is of great importance for income stability and creating a good quality of life for citizens. In this way, a new look at financial resources in municipalities, ensures a bright future for cities to develop and achieve an ideal city. In this regard, the present article intends to study and identify financial resources and revenue generation strategies for municipalities. The results of this study show that financial management needs to mobilize and regulate the necessary financial instruments for urban development purposes that are not limited to the municipal budget but include all stagnant and active financial resources in the city. Also, since municipalities incur high costs for the proper management of city affairs and building a beautiful and healthy city for citizens, so they should always seek to create sufficient sources of income and create strategies to increase financial resources, in addition to existing domestic and foreign sources of income. Some of them are mentioned in this article.

The set of decisions of the people living in each city shapes the shape of that city. But the city must be controlled, because city life will be destroyed by chaos and without regulatory and enforceable mechanisms. Accordingly, all societies need rules and regulations to control people's decisions and to function properly and easily so that they can live confidently, do their job, and know that others can be expected to follow these rules. The rules and regulations of urban planning control and guide the part of people's decisions that has a spatial and physical reflection, and "sustainable development", which includes the concept of justice over time as well as over time, can be used as an ideal and destination. The final of this type of rules and regulations. If the rules and regulations of urban planning are formulated efficiently, in order to achieve the goals and ideals of sustainable development, and are implemented in the same way, the "guarantor" of the formation of a kind of settlement (city), with the ideals of Development will be sustainable. Meanwhile, the financial bottlenecks of the urban management system and its reliance on income through unsustainable methods, will plague this role and cause instability in the development of the city. This article is dedicated to the analysis of this issue and common mistakes in providing financial resources to municipalities, and also examines its effects on the effectiveness of urban planning rules and regulations.

An adjective is a word that binds noun to itself and explains about it. Poets use a powerful tool called adjective to express their deepest feelings. In literary works, especially poetryو The adjectives appear in rhetoric rather than in grammar, and reveal the hidden points of the writers mental. Expressive adjectives in Attar's lyric poems have many rhetorical, aesthetic and stylistic values that are important both in terms of content and coherence of the text and in terms of determining the style of lyric poems.

The present research is a theoretical study that has studied these ambiguities in a library manner, analyzing artistic-aesthetic functions, find out a proportional relationship between these functions and Attar's personal style. For this purpose, the expressive adjective of the first 400 his lyric poems have been studied based on the rhetorical functions of stylistics.

The Attar's lyric poetry is one of the most glorious literary works in which descriptive compositions, while simple, have cryptic ambiguities that make them difficult to understand. In this research, have been found some manifestations of the aesthetic applications of adjectives in poetry, such as the equivalent adjective, the distinctive adjective, and so on, which have not been mentioned in literature works and grammatical-rhetorical researches of adjectives and worth considering.

The results show that the Attar's style lyrics in artistic application of adjectives, has been an intermediate style between a content and expression styles of the language and it has the most obvious rhetorical application to creation musical effects. Also the allegories in these lyric poems have an essential role in the coherence of the longitudinal axis; In such a way that the correct receipt of the concept depends on the correct receipt of the allegories.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer in the world with the highest mortality rate in women. Chemotherapy is the typical therapy for the cancer. However, it has side effects due to damage to healthy cells. Targeted drug delivery by nano carriers to the cancerous cells reduces the toxic side effects on normal cells. Serum albumin is a widely used drug carrier because of its availability, ease of preparation, and binding ability to various ligands. Attachment of iron oxide nanoparticles to albumin can control their distribution by applying an external magnetic field.

In this study, albumin nanoparticles attached to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesized and loaded with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) anticancer drug by using the desolvation technique. The produced nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size, surface charge, and drug entrapment, by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The cytotoxic effects of 5FU-loaded magnetic albumin nanoparticles and free 5FU on MCF7 cells were evaluated with the MTT assay. The internalization of nanoparticles in MCF-7 cells was confirmed by Prussian blue staining. In the end, the effects of nanoparticles on cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry using propidium iodide.

The mean particle size and zeta potential of 5FU loaded albumin nanoparticles and albumin magnetic nanoparticles were 220 nm, -25.8 mV, and 221 nm, -28 mV respectively. Drug entrapment efficiency and drug loading efficiency were also, 20%, 1%, and 15.8%, and 0.06% for albumin nanoparticles and magnetic albumin nanoparticles in turn. The drug-loaded magnetic albumin nanoparticles showed higher cytotoxicity than the free drug on MCF-7 cells. The flow cytometry cell cycle analysis showed more cytotoxicity of albumin nanoparticles in comparison with other groups. According to these results, it can be said that 5-FU loaded magnetic albumin nanoparticles were more effective and deserve further studies in the cancer treatment.

The most common enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strain is the O157: H7 serotype, which is one of the most important intestinal pathogens and can cause complications such as hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome and acute renal failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli causing molecular outbreaks of foodborne illness in Iran.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 189 fecal swab specimens were examined during April to September 2018. All suspected isolates were tested for biochemical tests. The isolates were confirmed by molecular PCR and evaluated by antimicrobial susceptibility tests.

From 189 stool swab samples studied, 98 Escherichia coli isolates were detected based on phenotypic tests. Most of the outbreaks occurred in summer and the prevalence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli was 24.5%, which 4% of them were non-O157H7. Most patients were between 1 and 12 years of age and the highest antibiotic resistance to cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol was observed at 80% and 79%, respectively.

This study showed an increase in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli with 24.5% and an increase in antibiotic resistance to the antibiotics of chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and carbapenems. Increased resistance to imipenem and meropenem antibiotics makes it difficult to treat beta-lactamase-resistant strains.

Dental plaque is a biofilm that is formed on the surface of the tooth. Carious lesions are caused by inappropriate ecological changes in microbial flora of the plaque biofilm. In this study, the effect of Lactobacillus casei bacteriocin, isolated from dairy products, was investigated on Streptococcus salivarius biofilm formation.

In this experimental study, MRS Broth and MRS Agar medium were used to isolate three strains of Lactobacillus casei probiotic from milk samples under microaerophilic conditions. The initial identification of Lactobacillus casei was performed by sugar fermentation and other biochemical tests. Then, 16SrRNA encoding gene was confirmed by PCR and sequenced. At last, Bacteriocin was isolated by ammonium sulfate sedimentation and its molecular weight was measured by SDS-PAGE and the antimicrobial activities were investigated. The Streptococcus salivarius were isolated from dental plaque and phenotypically and biotypically identified. Molecular confirmation of the isolates was performed using gtfK specific gene by PCR. The ability to form Streptococcus salivarius biofilm and the effect of bacteriocin on biofilm formation were measured by microtiter plate.

After partial purification of Lactobacillus casei probiotic from dairy products, two LC3 and LC1 protein samples formed bands (35-40 kDa and about 75 kDa, respectively). The supernatant fluid from the cultivation of Lactobacillus casei and bacteriocins showed antibacterial effects against Streptococcus salivarius isolates from dental plaque and the formation of biofilm by this bacterium.

According to this study, bacteriocin and supernatant fluid from Lactobacillus casei cultures could inhibit the growth of Streptococcus salivarius and also reduced biofilm formation, so, it could be used in oral care products.