فهرست مطالب زین العابدین فلاح

According to their functions, the media can provide the ground for the participation of more people in the society in sports activities, especially for teenagers and young people. The purpose of this research is to provide a model for improving the quality of media programs in order to attract teenagers and young people to participate in sports and physical activity. This research has been done with the fundamental purpose and grounded theory method (systematic model of Strauss and Corbin) and with a qualitative approach. Also, the data has been collected in the field. The statistical population of this research includes experts familiar with the media, sports participants, sports media and psychologists of adolescents and young people, as well as researchers, university professors and people involved in sports media, public relations managers of sports organizations and some young and adolescent athletes. It has been mentioned that 25 people have been selected by targeted sampling method. In data analysis for open, central and selective coding, the qualitative approach of grounded theory was used and open coding was done by analyzing the interviews. The model for improving the quality of media programs in order to attract teenagers and young people to participate in sports and physical activity is based on causal conditions (human resource, organizational cooperation and organizational structure) and taking into account extractive strategies (media content, programming, planning and evaluation) which is affected by background conditions (infrastructure and cultural) and intervening conditions (economic and legal political factors), consequences such as sports development, health improvement and social effects can be observed. Specialized programming with special attention to the benefits of physical activity, the sports needs of teenagers and young people, the facilities and equipment available in sports centers, etc. can improve the quality of media programs and help attract different groups, especially teenagers and young people, to sports.

The current research was designed with the aim of designing a model for providing facilities granted by banks in the sports industry. The present research was one of the qualitative researches that was carried out in the field. The qualitative method used in this research was of the grand theory type. The participants in the current research included experts who are knowledgeable about the research topic. This problem was formed until theoretical saturation was reached. Finally, 15 interviews were conducted in this regard. data collection tool in this research was a semi-structured interview. The results of showed that 56 codes were extracted from the interviews and these codes were categorized into 15 categories. In the way that these categories are in accordance with the paradigmatic model of research in the 6 dimensions of the paradigmatic model in the form of causal factors (2 categories), the main category: the design of the model of facilities granted by banks in the sports industry (1 category), strategies (4 categories), background conditions (3 categories), intervening conditions (2 categories) and consequences (3 categories) were placed. Paying attention to background factors and intervening factors and implementing strategies can provide a serious basis for improving the facilities granted by banks in the sports industry. According to the results of the research, it is suggested that by evaluating the way of providing banking facilities and also creating various facility packages according to banking regulations; He provided conditions to increase the facilities granted by banks in the sports industry.

The present study was designed and conducted with the aim of analyzing the interactive relationships of factors affecting the development of coalition building of social movements in sports. The present research is one of the mixed researches which was done in the form of qualitative and quantitative methods and according to its application in organizational environments is one of the applied researches. Fuzzy Delphi method was used in the qualitative part and Demetel method was used in the quantitative part. The method of data collection in the present study was field. The statistical population of the present study included experts aware of the subject. In order to identify these samples, purposive sampling method was used. Finally, 16 people were identified as the research sample. In other words, due to the nature of the quantitative research method (Dimtel approach) that need experts and people aware of the research topic; Therefore, the statistical population of the research was qualitatively and quantitatively the same. The collection tool of the present study in the qualitative section is a semi-structured interview. In the quantitative analysis of the research, Demetel method was used. Because the Demetel method examines the relationships between factors and determines that the effect on one factor causes the effect on other factors, the above method was used to study and analyze the relationships between the effective factors. All research data analysis process was performed in EXEL software.

The purpose of the current research is to explain the strategies for developing a digital organizational culture to reduce employee withdrawal behaviors at the Ministry of Sports and Youth. This research is mixed in terms of practical purpose, using a descriptive-survey data collection method and a research approach. The qualitative part utilized the theme analysis method, while the quantitative part employed structural equation modeling. The statistical population for the qualitative part included academic professors specializing in organizational culture, digital culture, and organizational behavior in sports organizations, along with selected managers with over 5 years of management experience and master's or doctorate education, chosen through purposeful or theoretical sampling. The criteria for selection were a minimum of two research projects in the mentioned fields (18 people). In the quantitative part, the statistical population comprised all Ministry of Sports and Youth employees (901 people). Research tools included semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The thematic analysis results indicated that digital culture, encompassing innovation, open culture, digital mindset, agility, flexibility, customer orientation, and data-driven decision-making, can influence employee withdrawal behaviors such as team, voluntary, job-related, and disciplinary behaviors. The quantitative results also demonstrated a good fit for the research model. Therefore, enhancing the role of new technologies in the organization, fostering a digital organizational culture, and managerial efforts to enhance digital performance can create a context for reducing withdrawal behaviors.

The purpose of this study was to provide a model for improving the mental well-being of athletes with emphasizing on the role of identity and professional commitment. The research method was applied, and after that, descriptive-correlational was performed, in terms of data collection. Totally, 280 professional athletes of the country were selected in some selected adult grades with respect to the Morgan table based on the random sampling as a sample of the study. Data collection was accomplished using a questionnaire. The results indicated that professional identity has a significant effect on mental well-being of athletes, and also it has a significant effect on the professional commitment of professional. Moreover, professional commitment has a significant effect on the mental well-being of athletes. Considering the results of this study, it is suggested that, by decreasing some sports problems among athletes, including financial obligations of the clubs, they would improve their professional welfare along with improving their mental well-being.

The purpose of this study was to compare the problems of sports tourism tours in domestic and foreign events. Purposeful and theoretically saturated sampling was done and in a quantitative part by descriptive-survey method that the statistical population of domestic tours tourists 320 people by Morgan table method and available sampling and tourists of foreign events tours 100 people by random access method was selected and used The researcher-made questionnaire was taken from the combination of the qualitative section and the research background, which had 45 items in the form of 8 factors, as well as the validity and reliability of the qualitative and quantitative sections. According to the findings of the quality sector, eight factors of transportation, infrastructure, culture, safety and security, ticket sales, management, economy and accommodation were identified as problems of sports tourism tours in domestic and foreign events. In the quantitative section, the identified factors were ranked according to the factor, managerial, cultural, safety and security factors, ticket sales, economy, accommodation, infrastructure and transportation, respectively. Also, the comparison of the two groups of sports tourism tours in domestic and foreign events showed that ticket sales, transportation, economic, safety and security factors in the group related to domestic events tourism tours and managerial, residential and cultural factors in the group related to events tourism tours foreign sports are of the highest importance.

Study the effect of feedback-seeking behavior on job creativity with the mediating role of job thriving in employees of sports and youth departments in Golestan province was main purpose of this research. This research is applied and is in the category of correlational research. All employees of sports and youth departments of Golestan province (228 people) were the statistical population of this research, and the whole population was selected as a sample. The research tools included standard questionnaires of Feedback-Seeking Behavior (Moss et al., 2003), Job Thriving (Purath et al., 2012) and Job creativity (Zhou and George, 2001). Face and content validity were used to check the validity of the questionnaires. The reliability of the questionnaires was checked by Cronbach's alpha and the values of 0.79, 0.82 and 0.81 were calculated for the variables of feedback-seeking behavior, job thriving and job creativity, respectively.The collected data were analyzed using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (structural equation modeling) statistics. The results showed a positive and significant effect of feedback seeking behavior on employees' job thriving (β=0.793, t=22.582). The results also showed that feedback seeking behavior has a positive and significant effect on employees' job creativity (β=0.321, t=4.196). Findings showed a positive and significant effect of job thriving on job creativity of employees of sports and youth departments (β=0.476, t=6.207). Finally, the results showed that the effect of feedback seeking behavior on job creativity of employees of sports and youth departments with a mediating role of job thriving is positive and significant (β=0.403, t=5.963). Based on the results, it can be concluded that employees' feedback seeking behavior can have positive consequences such as job thriving and job creativity for them.

The purpose of this study was to design a paradigm model of the challenges of sports tourism tours and to offer proposed solutions with a data-based approach.

This research has a qualitative approach and the data theory method has been used as the research method. The method of data collection is the study of theoretical foundations and in-depth and open (unstructured) interviews with 13 professors of sports management, managers and experts of domestic and foreign tourism tour. The sampling method was continued purposefully and to the extent of theoretical saturation. The validity of this study was reviewed and confirmed by the interviewees and then expert professors. Reliability was obtained 68.6% using the process audit study method. For data analysis, continuous comparison method was used during the three stages of open, axial and selective coding.

The components of causal, intervening, contextual, strategies, consequences and main phenomena were identified in the model. The findings of this study include a comprehensive model that has been identified as the main challenges of sports tourism tours, which is very effective in adopting strategies to reduce these challenges as a framework for developing sports tourism and improving the status of sports tourism tours in domestic and foreign events.

The main aim of this study was to modeling the effect of organizational agility on organizational entrepreneurship with the mediating role of the intellectual capital in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran. The statistical population of this study included all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth that based on Cochran's formula, 268 of these employees were selected as a statistical sample by stratified random sampling. The tools used to collect research data included three standard questionnaires of Sharifi and Yang's (2004) Organizational Agility, Bonits's (2008) Intellectual Capital and Brown's (1997) Organizational Entrepreneurship. The questionnaire used have 16, 12 and 18 items with a five-point Likert scale, respectively. To evaluate the validity of the research tool, the opinions of 8 PhDs in sport management were used and the reliability of the questionnaires in a pilot study by using Cronbach's alpha for organizational agility, intellectual capital and organizational entrepreneurship was 0.78, 0.81 and 0.83, respectively which indicate their reliability is acceptable. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The research findings showed organizational agility had a positive and significant impact on organizational entrepreneurship (t=15.511, β=0.722). The results also showed organizational agility had a positive and significant impact on the intellectual capital (t=46.561, β=0.804). Intellectual capital also had a positive and significant impact on organizational entrepreneurship (t=3.878, β=0.198). Finally, the results showed organizational agility with the mediating role of the employees' intellectual capital had a positive effect on organizational entrepreneurship (t=3.869, β=0.181). According to the research results, it is recommended to develop the ability of the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth to make decisions in different working conditions, as well as to train them to use job opportunities in the best way.

The purpose of this study was to develop a model for the development of sport psychology in Iranian professional sport. The research method was mixed. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts with knowledge of the subject. Data gathering tools were interviews and questionnaires. The results showed that causal factors had a significant effect on the main phenomenon. The results also showed that the main effect was on strategies as well as the underlying conditions and had a significant effect on plans of action. The results of the present study also indicated that strategies have a significant impact on outcomes. The results of the research fit indices showed that the research model had a good fit. Therefore, in the path of development of sport psychology in professional sport in Iran, implementing the identified strategies in a proper manner is of the utmost importance.

The purpose of this study was presenting a paradigmatic model of ambush marketing risk management at sporting events. Research methodology in terms of purpose, development and it was a kind of data analysis of the foundation. 14 elites in the field of sporting events and university professors in the field of physical education were selected by snowball method and theoretical saturation for semi-structured interviews. From the combination of factors extracted from library resources and the opinions of sports management professors, managers and specialists of sport events, 45 components were obtained in the form of 8 factors. These factors included factors related to spectators, marketing, cultural, event and sport, sponsor, legal, managerial and media. The results of this study, by presenting a comprehensive and comprehensive model, provide a comprehensive framework for dealing with the risks of ambush marketing in major sporting events, which can be used to prevent up to a high percentage of sponsorship rights and reduce their support for the event and is practically effective in improving financial support for sporting events.

In order to start a business in the sports industry, it is necessary to strengthen the empowerment of students. On the other hand, in the way of empowering students, there are many obstacles that have not been paid much attention in previous researches. This research, focusing on physical education students, seeks to identify and analyze the driving and inhibiting factors of empowering physical education students in sports entrepreneurship. This research was done in two stages. In the first stage, based on conducting qualitative interviews, a list of related factors was extracted. The second stage, based on a questionnaire survey and by collecting information from 384 physical education students, evaluated the list identified in the first stage. The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that three types of factors include, scientific and technological facilities, the presence of motivated students and access to facilities and infrastructure as driving factors and four factors include, the weakness of the educational system, administrative and legal barriers, financial limitations and the weakness of legal support has been summarized as the inhibiting factors. The results of this model indicated that 59.72% of the total percentage of variance explanation is related to the inhibiting factors and 40.28% is related to the driving factors. The results of the comparative tests showed that there is a significant difference between the driving factors in terms of the degree of interest in the field of study, having expertise and skills, as well as the employment status among the students.

 Today, many development policy makers refer to tourism as the main pillar of the economic development of societies. The development of tourism as a type of invisible export will increase tax revenues, exports and economic growth of countries. Sports tourism is one of the fastest developing sectors in the tourism industry. The purpose of the current research was to provide a model of sports tourism development with an emphasis on entrepreneurial marketing in the northern provinces of Iran. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation based on the method. In the first step, the factors affecting the development of sports tourism were identified with an emphasis on entrepreneurial marketing through interviews with 11 academic experts. The output of this step was 31 components in 7 dimensions format. Then, in the second step, the identified dimensions were leveled with interpretive structural modeling method and clustered with Micmac analysis, which was analyzed using Excel software. The results showed that the dimension of value creation is at the first level and the dimensions (progressiveness, focus on innovation, opportunity-oriented, customer orientation, leveraging resources) are at the second level, and the dimension of risk management is at the third level, and the dimension of value creation is in the dependent cluster, dimensions ( Being a leader, focusing on innovation, opportunity-oriented, customer orientation, leveraging resources) are placed in the connected cluster and risk management dimension in the independent cluster.

The present study was designed and implemented with the aim of developing a framework for controlling and compensating for counterproductive behaviors in sports teams. The method of the present study was mixed. The tools used in this study were developed after the interview and reached theoretical saturation, which included 39 items and in the form of 7 components, in the form of five Likert options (very high, 5 points to very low, 1 point). In the first part (qualitative) for conducting field interviews, the statistical population of the study was prominent professors in the field of sports management specializing in organizational behavior and also some managers of sports boards in Golestan province who were purposefully selected for qualitative interviews on research. Were. In the second (quantitative) part, after collecting the information obtained from the qualitative research, a questionnaire was made and this questionnaire was distributed among the managers and employees of the sports delegations of Golestan province. The number of managers and employees of sports delegations in Golestan province was153, which according to Morgan's table, the sample number of 113people was identified as the research sample.The results of the present study showed that the framework for controlling and compensating for counterproductive behaviors in sports teams includes components such as planning, professional ethics, motivation, selection of manpower, proportionality of salaries and benefits, information technology and creativity and innovation at work. In other words, the implementation of these components can lead to the control and compensation of counterproductive behaviors in sports teams.

Political behavior is a significant issue worldwide that has captured the attention of researchers in this field. Political behavior encompasses activities within an organization aimed at gaining power and achieving the goals of a power seeker in situations of uncertainty or instability. This study was conducted to investigate the factors influencing the development of political psychology in Iranian professional sports.
The study utilized a qualitative approach. The statistical population consisted of knowledgeable experts, identified through purposive sampling. The sampling process continued until theoretical saturation was reached, resulting in 14 individuals being selected as participants for the qualitative section. Semi-structured interviews were used as the data collection tool.
The study identified existing tensions, supportive forces, competitive environments, and mental pressures as causal conditions for the development of political psychology in Iranian professional sports. Additionally, adaptation strategies and empowerment strategies were identified as means to promote the development of political psychology in Iranian professional sports.
The study revealed that the development of political psychology in Iranian professional sports has consequences for both sports and politics.

The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize the components of developing the effectiveness of directors of sports organizations. This research was mixed method (in qualitative section, classic modified Delphi method and in quantitative section, descriptive- analytical), respectively. The populations in the qualitative section consist of top level directors of the sports organizations that sampling was targeted and accessible (n=30). The statistical population in the quantitative section includes the directors of the Ministry of Sports and the National Olympic Committee, the provincial general managers of youth and sports, the directors of sport federations (chief, vice president and secretary), the heads of provincial sports councils, and the directors of cities sports and youth departments (N = 2079) and the sample size of the study was (n = 314) that selected with Quota Sampling. Data Collection tools was interviews in qualitative section and a researcher-made questionnaire in quantitative section. Validity of questionnaire was confirmed by 8 sports management professors. Reliability confirmed through Cronbach's alpha that obtained 0.83. Data analysis was done through using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with Spss20 and CFA was performed with using LISREL 8.5. According to results, six efficiency indicators of sports managers based on priorities are as follow: individual skills development (0.927), environmental support development (0.864), organizational behavior development (0.861), scientific development (0.725) and development of personality traits (0.682). According to the findings of the study, reinforcing the skills identified in the managers of sports organizations can increase their effectiveness.

The important role of financial supporters and financial supporters in helping to develop different sectors of countries is quite obvious, and donors have found a special place in this regard. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the will and participation of this group of individuals in the development of sports venues and promote related per capita. For this purpose, the components identified in the two provinces of Golestan and Tehran was compared and comparatively comparable.

The present study is a type of applied research and a descriptive-surrounding data collection. Key points were used to identify effective factors based on the foundation's data strategy and coding. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section of the research included experts and specialists in the field of sports management. The FAHP technique was used to weight and prioritize components.

A total of 112 initial codes were extracted from a total of 16 interviews, which were reduced to 13 subs -categories during the coding process, and finally 6 main categories were extracted on the basis of secondary open codes. In Golestan province, the "economic factors" category of 0.54884 had the highest importance and the "development" of 0.05222 had the lowest priority. On the other hand, the results for Tehran province showed that the category of "economic factors" weighing 0.72314 has the highest degree of importance and the "trusting" category of 0.06652 has the lowest priority. The important point is that in all two provinces that have the highest weight, the "economic conditions" are "economic conditions".

In order to expand the qualitative and qualitative expansion of the charity culture in the community and to use the benefits and capabilities of the charity and encourage them to meet the sports needs of the community in different regions of the country, as well as guide and organize the charity's financial and specialized assistance, it is necessary to make a definite mechanism, Predict and adopt.

The present study is one of the qualitative researches that was conducted as the field work. The qualitative method used in this study was phenomenological. Participants included the sport teachers in the deprived areas. Purposeful sampling method was used with homogeneous sampling approach, while observing the maximum sampling diversity. Sampling was done until the theoretical saturation was reached. Finally, 15 interviews were conducted in this regard. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that 5 physical, psychological, educational, training and sport factors are influential on the injustice at the schools' sport in the deprived areas. The principals are suggested to improve the conditions for the students in these areas, so that they could participate in the sport activities by solving the problems of sport at schools in the deprived areas, such as allocating more funds, more motivated manpower and more facilities.

Today, the economic aspects of sports have expanded a lot in the world, and many investors are interested in starting a business in this sector. This research aimed to present a model of empowering students in entrepreneurship in sports businesses. This qualitative research was conducted with the grounded theory method. The target population in the qualitative section included experts in the field of sports management, educational management and entrepreneurship professors who are aware of the research topic. Using the snowball sampling method and the theoretical saturation technique, 12 interviews were conducted. In the quantitative stage, 150 items in the form of six main components were evaluated by 384 entrepreneurs, professors, students and also managers of sports businesses. The information extracted from the interviews was analyzed in a multi-step coding method. The findings were compiled in the framework of the paradigm model. Causal conditions including individual factors (including motivation, knowledge and awareness and psychological skills), educational system, organizational factors, financial factors and the role of the government, background conditions including those related to laws, facilities, human resources, organization custodians, educational and communication programs, intervening conditions including two facilitating groups (students, science/technology, facilities and infrastructures and successful examples) and destructive (supportive, educational performance, financial, managerial and legal), the strategies included educational, managerial, legal/legal strategies, and the consequences included employment, development of the sports industry, quality of education, financial and motivational. In the quantitative part, it was also determined that all the main components of the research have a suitable fit.

To present a model of sport diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

In this study, a snowball sampling technique was used to select an initial group for interview, and then the other groups were introduced for interview by the same group, and the sampling continued until the theoretical saturation was sufficient. In interview stage, 16 interviews were conducted to inform the experts. After reaching theoretical saturation by analyzing data from interviews, comparative studies, existing background and analysis, identified sport diplomacy items and finally sports diplomacy questionnaire was designed. For the reliability of the measuring instrument, the agreement between two coders based on kappa coefficient was used. To assess the content validity of the questionnaire, 8 experts in physical education were asked to examine the questions based on the first stage model. According to the experts, a final questionnaire with 104 questions was prepared.

After open coding, categories including causal conditions, contextual conditions, action strategies and consequences of sports diplomacy were extracted., At the axial and selective coding stage, the link between these categories was determined in the form of a research paradigm model and the final theory was formed.

In the qualitative stage model, the causal factors, power tools, financial conditions, and identity instruments were causal factors in the sport diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Structural factors, sport status of the country, participation, empowerment, and media were among the most effective background conditions in the sport diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The purpose of this study was to identify and verify the influential factors of multicultural management in school sports.Metodology: This research work was an applied one, and the research method was descriptive- correlation. The statistical population of the study included all the physical education teachers (N = 34000). According to the research purpose, 346 people were selected in the exploratory factor analysis, and 322 people in the confirmatory factor analysis section were selected by clustered random sampling as a statistical sample. The required data for identifying the components and analyzing the model was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire after obtaining the validity (face, content). In order to calculate reliability, Cronbach’s alpha was used (α = 0.90), and to analyze the data, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation were used.

The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that 51 items were identified as the multicultural management structure of school sports; they were classified into 9 components including policies and guidelines, multicultural planning, human resource empowerment, education, student motivation, curriculum planning, cultural awareness, countering racism, and cultural enrichment of the physical education classroom, which explained 80.69% of the variance of the structure. Examination and testing of the research model also showed that the general indicators of the fit of the measurement model were in a favorable condition; the results of the second-order factor analysis showed that the factors of "multicultural planning", "curriculum planning", "human resource empowerment" and "education" had the greatest impact on the establishment of multicultural management of school sports.

The results of this research work suggest that the educational planning officials should pay more attention to multicultural schools and physical education classes in these schools in macro-education programs and policies, and in order to empower physical education teachers in developing multicultural management skills, pay more attention to the inclusion of multicultural concepts in the teacher preparation program.

The purpose of this study was to determine development strategies of sport digital economy in Iran.

This research was a qualitative research in terms of data collection method, which was conducted by grounded theory method and systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, and a semi-structured qualitative interview was used to collect data. The statistical population of the study included the scientific and executive elites who had experience in the fields of economics, technology, IT, e-commerce, digital businesses and digital economy and a total of 21 interviews were conducted. For data analysis, three stages of open, axial and selective coding were used as 31 open codes were obtained in five categories.

Using new digital media in sport, smartening of sports services and processes, employing skilled staff in the field of information technology in sports, designing sport platforms and applications, supporting sports entrepreneurs and startups were strategies for developing digital economy of sports in Iran.

Due to the fact that today the market environment has changed from its traditional form to digitalization, therefore, organizations, federations, clubs and sports-related jobs must implement the proposed strategies according to their circumstances

Today, with the advancement of technology, the online purchase of products and services has greatly increased, which has created many benefits for companies as well as customers. Online shopping requires special considerations such as compliance with ethical principles. Therefore, according to the importance of the subject, the main goal of this research was to study the consequences of the perception of ethical principles in online shopping from the point of view of customers of sports products. 

The current research is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this research included all physical education students of Golestan province universities, 384 students were selected as a statistical sample. To collect research data, questionnaires on ethical principles in online shopping, customers' trust in online sellers and willingness to buy online were used. Two methods of descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the dimensions of ethical principles in online shopping (preservation of privacy, feeling of security, reliability, providing services required by customers and non-fraudulent actions) have a positive and significant effect on customers' trust in online sellers. The effect of customers' trust in online sellers on customers' willingness to buy sports products online was positive and significant.   

According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that compliance with ethical principles in online shopping by sellers can increase the trust of customers and ultimately their willingness to buy.

the purpose of the present the study was to investigate the effect of grit steps on exercise self-efficacy and participatory performance in elite athletes.The statistical sample was equal to the statistical population that finally, 228 questionnaires were collected.To collect data,the following questionnaires were used: participatory performance (Felts and Lirg,1998), exercise self-efficacy (Bandura,1997) and grit steps (Duckworth,2007).The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test and the structural equation modeling method.The results showed that grit steps have a significant positive effect on participatory performance and exercise self-efficacy.Regard to the standardized regression coefficients, it was observed that the grit steps effect coefficients on participatory performance and exercise self-efficacy was 0.406 and 0.483,respectively.In addition,grit steps have a significant and positive effect on the exercise self-efficacy of athletes through the mediator variable of participatory performance.Therefore,considering the grit steps factor is very important as one of the indices in success and improving the athletic performance

The aim of this study to investigate the Structural Relations of Human Resource Development with Organizational Performance in physical Education Teachers Emphasizing the Role of the Orientation of Advanced Goals.

The research method was "causal". The statistical population of this study includes all physical education teachers of the Ministry of Education. According to the Ministry of Physical Education, the number of teachers is 33,000 (of which 28,000 are in the classroom and 5,000 are staffing the study. Statistical sample in this study was 379 persons according to the size of the statistical population. In this study, multistage cluster random sampling was used. Path analysis, correlation coefficient, regression, and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis.

The results showed that dominance-avoidance goal orientation (P=0.005, T=2.77, B=0.02), dominance-orientation goal orientation (P=0.000, T=3.40, B=0.07) and performance-orientation goal orientation (P=0.000, T=4.75, B=0.10) improved the relationship between HR development and organizational performance of physical education teachers, but direction- Functional-avoidance goal making had no significant mediating role in the relationship between human resource development and organizational performance of physical education teachers (P=0. 140, T=1.47, B=-0.01).

According to the results, human resource development in order to enhance organizational performance should consider the goals of progression in order to explain the impact of human resource development on organizational performance.