زینب خانجانی

 Problematic internet use is one of the emerging issues in modern societies, and psychological factors play a prominent role in its etiology. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between attention deficit, impulsivity, and emotional regulation deficits with problematic internet use due to the feeling of loneliness.

 The multi-stage cluster method was adopted to select 450 students from the middle schools in Tabriz in the 2022-2023 academic year. Subjects were assessed by the questionnaires of Achenbach's behavioral signs, Barth's impulsivity, Gratz's and Roemer's emotion regulation deficits, Russell's feeling of loneliness and the problematic Internet use by Lopez-Fernandez et al.

 The data analysis using structural equation modeling showed that the effects of attention deficit, impulsivity, and emotional regulation deficits on the problematic internet use were mediated by the feeling of loneliness. In addition, the findings revealed that attention deficit, impulsivity, emotion regulation deficit, and loneliness had a positive significant relationship with problematic internet use (P<0.05). The effects of attention deficit, impulsivity, and emotion regulation deficit on loneliness were also significant (P<0.05).

 In sum, the attention deficit, impulsivity, and emotional regulation deficits may have predicted the problematic internet use caused by feeling of loneliness.

The present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire in Iranian students. In this descriptive correlational study, a total of 342 participants (265 girls and 77 boys) from second-grade high school students (aged 16-18 years) in Babolsar county in the academic year 1402-1401 were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling and completed the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire for Youth (RFQ-Y) by Sharp et al. (2009). Data analysis was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the two-factor structure of the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire showed a good model fit. Additionally, in this model, Subscale A has a Cronbach's alpha of 0.88, Subscale B has a value of 0.81, and the overall scale has a value of 0.90, indicating adequate reliability. The results of the data analysis showed that the utilized scale possessed satisfactory validity and reliability and could provide an acceptable representation of this construct. Therefore, this scale can be used in various studies to assess mentalization in students.

 The addiction to social networks poses serious risks to the lives and well-being of adolescents. This study aimed to create a model of social media addiction that takes into account family dynamics, positive development, and psychological distress, with cognitive emotion regulation strategies acting as mediators among adolescents.

 This descriptive-correlational study included adolescents aged 15-18 years during the 2022–2023 educational year in Tabriz schools. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select the adolescents. Data were collected using the social network addiction scale (SNAS), the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS), the positive youth development-via strengths family scale (PYD-VSF), and the McMaster family assessment device (FAD). Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were conducted using SPSS and LISREL software.

 A strong positive correlation was found between positive youth development and effective emotion regulation strategies. Conversely, there was a notable negative correlation between dysfunctional family dynamics and effective emotion regulation strategies. Psychological distress was directly linked to ineffective emotion regulation strategies. Additionally, a significant direct connection was identified between psychological distress and social media addiction. There was also a notable relationship between dysfunctional family dynamics and social media addiction. The results from the structural equation modeling indicated a strong fit for the proposed model. Specifically, healthy family dynamics were positively correlated with effective cognitive emotion regulation strategies (t = 2.44, γ = 0.17), while dysfunctional family dynamics showed a negative correlation with these strategies (t = -4.74, γ = -0.43). In conclusion, psychological distress and dysfunctional family dynamics are predictors of social media addiction, with cognitive emotion regulation strategies serving as a mediating factor. Improving emotional self-regulation through better family dynamics and addressing psychological distress can help safeguard adolescents from addiction to the Internet and social media.

 Psychological distress and unhealthy family functioning predict social media addiction, mediated by cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Enhancing emotional self-regulation through family functioning and addressing psychological distress can protect adolescents from Internet and social media addiction.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between parents' marital satisfaction and preschool children's sleep problems, mediated by separation anxiety disorder. A total of 400 preschool children (228 boys and 172 girls)aged between 3 and 6 years in Tabriz city were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method in 2014-2015.Their mothers answered a questionnaire measuring children's sleep habits, parent-child separation anxiety scale, and Enrich marital satisfaction scale. The data were statistically analyzed using structural equation modeling and SMARTPLS-3 software. The results showed that in addition to the direct relationship between parents' marital satisfaction and preschool children's sleep problems, marital satisfaction is mediated by separation anxiety disorder Children's sleep has significant indirect effects (at the 0.01 level), so the results indicate the mediating role of separation anxiety disorder in the relationship between parents' marital satisfaction and children's sleep problems. Therefore, it can be concluded that the quality of marital relationships can be a good starting point for the prevention and early treatment of children's sleep problems, and the increase in parents' marital satisfaction will lead to children's sleep health, and these findings may be useful for mental health professionals, including therapists, psychologists and counselors to occur.

The present research sought to investigate the relationship between mothers' attachment style and their teenagers’ social and academic adjustment. This study had a correlational-descriptive design. The statistical population of the study was comprised of all adolescent girls and boys aged 14 to 18 years in Tabriz and their mothers in 2021. Convenience sampling method was used and 366 students (245 girls & 121 boys) were selected. The research instruments included Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI, Besharat, 2005) and Adjustment Inventory for School Students (AISS, Sinha and Singh, 1998). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression. Results demonstrated that: 1) There was a significant relationship between mothers' secure attachment style and adolescents’ social adjustment (p≤0.05). 2) There was a significant relationship between the insecure/avoidant attachment style of mothers and adolescents’ social adjustment (p≤0.05). 3) There was a significant relationship between the insecure/avoidant attachment style of mothers and adolescents’ academic adjustment (p≤0.01). 4). There was a significant relationship between the insecure/ambivalent attachment style of mothers and adolescents’ academic adjustment (p≤0.01). According to these results, it can be concluded that mothers who have a secure attachment style, their children have higher social cognition as well as higher social adjustment, while mothers who have insecure attachment style, their children have lower social and academic adjustment. The type of attachment style of mothers can play an important role in the attachment style of children as well as their behavioral, emotional and social status in later years.

This study aimed to compare the effect of modified behavioral therapy, parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) and therapy based on mother and child's mentalization on the improvement of symptoms of the oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in Zanjan preschool children. The framework of this research has a quasi-experimental multivariate design with pre-test and post-test. The population of this study included all children (girls and boys) aged 5-7 years who lived in Zanjan province in 1399 and received a diagnosis of ODD. From the children referred to the clinic, 75 samples were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced in three equal groups (25 participants for each group). In this study, Child Symptom Inventory (1997) was used. Paired t-test results showed that all three methods were effective in reducing the symptoms of the disorder (p≤. 05). The results of Covariance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test showed that there was a difference between the three treatments in reducing the symptoms of ODD (p≤. 05). The Comparison of experimental groups showed that the difference between the means of the modified behavioral therapy group with parent-child interaction therapy (1.07 *) and the therapy based on mother and child's mentalization (1.64 *) was significant (P <. / 001); But the difference between the parent-child interaction therapy and the therapy based on mother and child's mentalization (./57) was not significant (P =. /13).

Childhood maltreatment affects people’s mental and physical health and causes physical, mental and interpersonal problems. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and body image disorder with mediating role of attachment styles and depression.

The design of the current research is descriptive and correlational. The statistical sample of this study consisted of 452 female students in the 9th, 10th, and 11th grades who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling from among the students of secondary schools in Rasht city. In this study, in order to measure the studied variables, Body Image Concern Questionnaire (Littleton et al, 2005), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein et al, 2003), Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read, 1990) and Children's Depression Questionnaire (Kovacs, 1992) were used. SPSS24 and AMOS24 software were used to classify, process and analyze statistical data.

The results showed that the modified measured model has a relatively good fit with the hypothetical model. Attachment styles and depression are able to significantly mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and negative body image(p<0.05). Insecure attachment styles and depression are directly related to negative body image(p<0.05). No significant direct relationship between childhood maltreatment and body image was observed.

Based on the results obtained, it can be said that negative body image can be the result of the interaction of attachment styles and depression with childhood maltreatments. Paying attention to these results can be effective in formulating preventive and therapeutic interventions for body image disorders.

The present study aimed to determine the structural relationships between adverse childhood experiences and the symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder, with the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas. The descriptive-correlation research was based on path analysis. The statistical population of this research included the students of the University of Tabriz in 2022-2023 (24000 people) and the statistical sample included 354 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To measure the variables, the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ, Bernstein et al., 2003), narcissistic personality inventory (NPI-16, Ames et al., 2006), and Young Schema Short Form Questionnaire (YSQ-SF, Young, 1999) were used and the path analysis method was used to analyze the data. Data analysis showed that sexual abuse had a direct effect on narcissistic personality disorder and an indirect effect through the mediation of impaired limits and Impaired autonomy and performance (p<0.05). Also, the results indicated that sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect had a direct effect on Disconnection and rejection, and sexual abuse and physical neglect had a direct effect on Other-directedness (p<0.05). The results showed that the model had a good fit. Based on these findings, it can be stated that adverse childhood experiences through the mediation of early maladaptive schemas can predict changes in narcissistic personality disorder and explain its occurrence.

The aim of this study was to check the relationship between ego strength and tissue relationships with adolescents' self-harming behaviors mediated by emotion regulation. The present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population in this study was all male high school students in Tabriz in the academic year 1398-999, from which 190 people were selected by convenience sampling. In this study, Igo Mohammad Ali Besharat's strength scale (2007), Sanson et al.'s self-harm questionnaire (1998), Mahmoud No Dargahfard family's emotional questionnaire (1373), اد Chu and Chang peer perception questionnaire (2012), the Sernkovich & Giordano School Connection Scale (1992), and the Grass & John Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2003) were used, and the data were analyzed using the path analysis method. Data analysis showed that ego strength and tissue relationships were significantly associated with adolescents' self-injurious behaviors. That is, increasing the strength of the ego and improving tissue relationships can significantly reduce self-harming behaviors in adolescents. Emotion regulation can also mediate the relationship between ego strength and tissue relationships to adolescents' self-injurious behaviors. The results show that the strength of Igubala causes adolescents to increase their tolerance capacity for failures and adversities. Safe and healthy tissue relationships also protect adolescents from self-harming behaviors as a protective factor.

The clinical symptoms of borderline personality disorder typically begin in early adulthood and severely disrupt an individual's functioning in various areas, especially interpersonal relationships. Therefore, it is essential to examine the factors that play a role in the development of the core of borderline personality disorder. The purpose of the current research is to model the structural relationships of borderline personality symptoms in adolescents based on object relations and childhood trauma, considering the mediating role of mentalization capacity.

The current research employs a descriptive and correlational research design. A sample of 342 individuals was selected from secondary school students in Babolsar city using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The variables were measured using the Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children (Crick, 2005), the Bell Relationship Inventory for Adolescents (Morris Bell, 2003), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein et al., 2003), and the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire for Youth (Sharp et al., 2009). To analyze the collected data, both SPSS 24 and SMART PLS 3.2.8 software were utilized.

The results indicated that maladaptive object relations and childhood trauma have a direct and indirect impact on borderline personality traits through weakened mentalizing abilities.

Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that dysfunctional object relations and childhood trauma can independently predict borderline personality symptoms in adolescence. Moreover, object relations and childhood trauma can impede the development of mentalization. By disrupting the formation of this crucial ability, they lay the groundwork for the emergence of borderline personality traits in adolescence. Recognizing the importance of early object relations, childhood trauma, and mentalization capacity as influential factors in the development of borderline personality traits can deepen our comprehension of the underlying mechanisms. This comprehension, in turn, can facilitate the implementation of preventive measures during adolescence and even earlier stages.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of emotional regulation in the relationship between attachment and children's eating behaviors. The present research method was the descriptive-correlation type of structural equation modeling. The statistical population was made up of children referred to nutrition clinics in Tabriz city in 1401. 240 people were selected as a sample using the available sampling method. The research tools included a children's eating behavior questionnaire (CEBQ) by Wardell et al. (2001), an emotion regulation checklist (ERC) by Shields and Cicetti (1998), and an inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) by Armsden and Greenberg (1989). Structural equation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed the optimal fit of the research model. The results showed a significant direct effect of attachment on instability and adaptive emotion regulation (P=0.001) and no significant direct effect on children's eating behaviors (P=0.08). Also, the direct effect of adaptive emotion regulation on children's eating behaviors was not significant (p=0.21), but the direct effect of instability on eating behaviors was significant (p=0.001). Attachment showed a significant indirect effect on children's eating behaviors with the mediation of instability (P<0.05), but adaptive emotion regulation did not show a significant mediating role in the relationship between attachment and children's eating behaviors (P<0.05). These results show that instability in emotion regulation significantly mediates the relationship between attachment and children's eating behaviors.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of comprehensive yoga protocol training on selective attention, response inhibition, and interference control in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population was all-male elementary school students in Mianeh city in the academic year 2018-2019. The sample consisted of 40 subjects selected by the multistage cluster sampling method (with Children Symptom Inventory-4 Test (CSI-4) parental form) and was randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Both pre and post-test stages were evaluated with the software version of the Stroop test. The experimental group participated in 6 months of yoga training as a package (breathing programs, Asana Practice, relaxation, mental imagery, and meditation), and the control group not. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The results showed yoga training significantly decreased "Interference number, Test time, Error number, Reaction time" and increased "True number" in the experimental group in both congruent and incongruent situations in the post-test (p <0.05).Yoga training has been effective in improving selective attention, response inhibition, and controlling interference in children with ADHD. Therefore, yoga can be used to design non-pharmacological treatments such as yoga therapy to treat children with ADHD symptoms and disorders

Dysfunction of the dopaminergic system is associated with various symptoms, including a preference for immediate rewards and risk-taking, deficits in time management and behavioral inhibition, attention deficits, and reduced value of delayed reward. The present study aimed to predict attention deficit, risk-taking, and decrease in reward delay value based on motivational deficits and deficits in time perception in children with symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). According to the research objective, the current study employed a fundamental approach, while the data collection method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population comprised all children between the ages of 7 and 12 with symptoms of ADHD in Urmia City in 2022. 200 individuals were selected from the population using a non-random and convenience sampling method from psychological clinics and relevant centers. Once the consent of the children and their parents was obtained, they were included as the final sample. For data collection, the delayed discounting task, the balloon analog risk task, the how I feel scale, the time reproduction test, and the continuous performance of attention measurement were utilized. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis and multiple regression using SPSS version 23. The results of the present study demonstrated that motivational deficits and deficits in time perception at the level of P=0.001 predict attention deficit, risk-taking, and delay impairment in children with ADHD symptoms. The results indicate that deficits in attention, risk-taking behavior, and reduction in delay value among children with ADHD are attributed to deficits in motivation and time perception.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the self-silencing model in reducing depression and increasing self-expression of depressed women. The self-silencing model is influenced by cognitive, attachment, and gestalt theories, and the role of social and cultural factors is emphasized in it, and these factors lead to depression in women by creating obstacles in expressing their wishes, opinions, and desires.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and with random replacement. In this study, using the study of treatment protocols, as well as receiving guidance from the theorists of this model and their colleagues, intervention programs based on it were prepared. The sample of this study included 30 femle teachers from 20 to 40 years old with bachelor's degrees who had depressive symptoms based on the results of The Beck questionnaire and clinical interview. Thus, the research sample included the self-silencing group and the control group, which were obtained from each pre-test and post-test group using the self-expression questionnaire and The Beck questionnaire. Between pre-test and post-test, experimental group received an intervention program. Finally, the scores obtained from pre-test and post-test were analyzed by analysis of covariance using SPSS software.

The results of data analysis showed that the intervention based on self-silencing is effective in reducing the depression of the experimental group. Likewise, this intervention method increased self-expression in the experimental group. No significant change was observed in the control group.

According to the findings of this research, it can be said that using the self-silencing model can be an efficient method in reducing women's depression symptoms and increasing self-expression in them.

Psychotherapists can use the self-silencing model as one of the effective methods to reduce the symptoms of depression.

The Effectiveness of Families-and-Schools-Together Program on Family Cohesion, Expressiveness and Conflict of First Graders’ Parents in TabrizThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of Families-and-Schools-Together program (FAST) on family cohesion, expressiveness and conflict of first graders’ parents in Tbriz. This study was based on a quasi-experimental research design. On the basis of purposive sampling, 40 families were selected and randomly assigned in two groups (20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group). While the experimental group participated in the Families-and-Schools-Together program (FAST), the control group did not receive any treatment. the analysis of covariance showed a statistically significant increase in the experimental group’s family cohesion and expressiveness and a decrease in the family conflict scores (p < 0.05). It is concluded that participating in Families-and-Schools-Together program (FAST) can increase family cohesion and expressiveness and decrease family conflict.Keywords: Family cohesion, Expressiveness, Conflict, Families and Schools Together program.

The aim of this study was to compare the level of risk-taking, sensation - seeking and impulsivity of girl and boy adolescents based on the level of influence of peers.

The method of the present research was of fundamental type according to the research objective and according to the method of data collection it was of descriptive type and causal-comparative research. In line with the purpose of the study, among all adolescents aged 18-14 years in Tabriz, a sample of 327 people was selected by available sampling method. To collect data used from Peer Influence Resistance Questionnaire (1), Iranian Adolescents Risk-Taking Scale (2), Arent Sensation–Seeking Scale (3) and Barat Impulsivity Questionnaire 11 th edition (4). Also, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software.

Data analysis using multivariate factor analysis of variance showed that the level of risk-taking of adolescents based on the influence of peers is higher than the peer resistance group. Also, the level of risk-taking of boys is higher than girls based on influence by peers. But there was no difference in the sensation-seeking and impulsivity of girl and boy adolescents based on the level of influence from peers.

Based on the findings of the present research, it can be concluded that peers have a high impact on risk-taking, excitement and impulsiveness of teenagers. Therefore, it is suggested to hold training classes for teenagers and their families about the importance of friendships during adolescence and the impact of friendship during this period on risky behaviors.

Obsession is a chronic anxiety disorder that is associated with excessive mental preoccupation with order and detail, as well as perfectionism, to the extent that it leads to the loss of flexibility, openness, and efficiency, which, despite the high prevalence, is one of the most resistant disorders to treatment.Obsessive-compulsive disorder sufferers experience a range of emotional reactions when faced with situations that trigger obsessive thoughts and actions. There are individual differences related to the sensitivity to these emotions and the way they are regulated, which is called emotional regulation (Hoffman, Carpenter, & Joshua, 2016). Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the structural relationships between borderline personality disorder symptoms and attachment styles with obsessive symptoms through emotion regulation.

Research design the present is a descriptive correlation (Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and its sampling method is cluster random, so that 5 faculties of Tabriz University were randomly selected and 200 questionnaires were randomly distributed among the faculties. In order to measure the signs of obsession from the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCI-R) list, borderline personality traits from the Borderline Personality Disorder (STB) questionnaire, and attachment styles from the Hazen and shaver and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire from Gross and John (2003) The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling

The obtained data were analyzed through structural equation modeling. The results showed that the effect of borderline personality disorder on obsessive symptoms is significant with an effect size of 0.35. The effect of borderline personality disorder on reappraisal is significant with an effect size of -0.52, and the effect of borderline personality disorder on repression is significant with an effect size of 0.38. The effect of borderline personality disorder on obsessive symptoms due to reappraisal is significant with an effect size of -0.36, and the effect of borderline personality disorder on obsessive symptoms due to suppression is significant with an effect size of 0.16. The effect of secure attachment on obsessive symptoms is significant with an effect size of -0.39. The effect of secure attachment on reappraisal and suppression is significant with an effect size of -0.31. The effect of avoidant attachment on obsessive symptoms is significant with an effect size of 0.27, on reappraisal with an effect size of -0.32, and on suppression with an effect size of 0.31. The effect of avoidant attachment on obsessive symptoms is not significant due to reappraisal with an effect size of -0.07 and suppression with an effect size of 0.06. The effect of ambivalent attachment is significant on obsessive symptoms with an effect size of 0.30, on reappraisal with an effect size of -0.29, and on suppression with an effect size of 0.50. The effect of ambivalent attachment on obsessive symptoms due to reappraisal is not significant with an effect size of -0.09, and the effect of ambivalent attachment on obsessive symptoms due to suppression is significant with an effect size of 0.15.

Therefore, it can be concluded that the findings of this research can have important practical effects for clinical therapists and psychologists to pay attention to the structural relationships of borderline personality disorder symptoms and attachment styles with obsessive symptoms through emotional regulation.

Depressive disorder is associated with various consequences such as psychological distress and social isolation, whichtheir removing is of importance.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of social-emotional skills training on psychological disturbance and social isolation in adolescents with depressive symptoms by modulating coping styles.

This research is a semi-experimental type. Its statistical population was formed by male students suffering from depression disorder in Baneh city with an age range of 16-18 years in 2020. 30 students were targeted and screening method selected as a statistical sample based on the results of the Lazarus and Folkman coping styles scale and divided into two groups of 15 people (excitement-oriented and problem-oriented) were divided. The questionnaires used in this research included Beck Depression Questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire and Social Isolation Questionnaire. SPSS version 20 software and multivariate covariance analysis were used for data analysis.

The results of data analysis using multivariate analysis of covariance showed that social-emotional skills training was effective in improving psychological disturbance and social isolation. Also, coping styles moderate the effect of social-emotional skills training in psychological disturbance and signs of social isolation (P<0.05).

The findings of this study showed that teaching emotional and social skills to adolescents with symptoms of depression was useful and reduces psychological disturbance and social isolation, and the type of coping styles was also effective in these changes. It is suggested to include social-emotional skills training in the treatment program of adolescents with depression.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy on cognitive flexibility and depression in patients with a history of Cardiac surgery.

The quasi-experimental study was a pretest-posttest or control group. The statistical population included all Cardiac patients operated on in Tabriz heart hospitals. Based on this, about 60 people in two groups of 30 people including the experimental group (N=30) and the control group (N=30) were selected by Convenience Sampling. Beck, Steer and Brown (1996) standard depression questionnaires and Dennis and Wonder Wall (2010) cognitive flexibility questionnaire were used to collect data. Multivariate covariance was used to analyze the data.

The results of multivariate analysis of covariance of behavioral activation therapy on depression (P>0.05) and cognitive flexibility (P>0.01) and its components including alternatives (P>0.05), control (P>0.01), alternatives to human behaviors (P>0.05), are effective. Therefore, the use of behavioral activation therapy has a significant effect on depression and cognitive flexibility and its components, including alternatives, controls and alternatives to human behaviors in the experimental group.

Behavioral activation treatment reduces depression and increases cognitive flexibility and its components, including alternatives, controls and alternatives to its human behaviors in patients undergoing Cardiac surgery.

research is designed based on the self-silencing model and the savoring model. The model of self-silencing is influenced by cognitive, attachment and, Gestalt theories, in which the role of social and cultural factors in not expressing the desires, opinions and و desires of women, which ultimately leads to depression, is discussed. The savoring model in the field of positive psychology also believes that instead of teaching coping methods, savoring methods can be taught to people and prevent or treat a variety of psychological problems.

In this study, using the study of the treatment protocols, as well as receiving guidance from the theorists of these two models, intervention programs based on these two models were prepared. The sample of this study includes 45 teacher women 20 to 40 years old with bachelor's degrees who had depressive symptoms based on the results of The Beck questionnaire and interview. the research sample consisted of the savoring group, the self-silencing group and, the control group, which were obtained from each pre-test and posttest group using The Beck questionnaire. Between pre-test and posttest, participants received an intervention program related to their group. The desired method for data analysis was covariance analysis, which due to the defaults not being met, the scores obtained from the pre-test and post-test were finally analyzed by analysis of variance on the difference scores in SPSS software.

The results showed that savoring-based intervention and self-silencing-based intervention are both effective in reducing depression in women and these two methods are not significantly different in terms of reducing depression.

Both methods can be used as two effective methods to reduce women's depression.

The present research aims to investigate the effectiveness of mobile app-based teaching of phonological awareness on reading performance improvement and behavior regulation and metacognition skills in children with a specific learning disorder (SLD) with reading as a specifier. An experimental single-subject research method is applied. Accordingly, three dyslexic children were purposively selected from the research-eligible children, and Wechsler (WISC-IV; Wechsler, 2003) and Reading and Dyslexia (NAMA) (Karami-Nouri, Moradi; 2005) tests were conducted by the students, while the BRiEF executive function questionnaire (BRiEF; Guy, Gioia, Isquith, Kenworthy; 2002) was filled by the children's parents. The research findings were evaluated using visual inspection of the graphs, the improvement percentage, and the effect size. The results indicate that mobile app-based teaching of phonological awareness improves reading performance and enhance metacognition and behavior regulation skills in female children with SLD with reading as a specifier. The research contribution includes the introduction of a phonological awareness-oriented teaching app derived from subtests of the phonological awareness test, which can be beneficial as a supplementary instrument in a part of the reading disorder's restorative-therapeutic process to improve the reading ability and metacognition and behavior regulation skills of children with reading disorder.

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is introduced as new eating and eating disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), and is a relatively new diagnostic category of eating and eating disorders. People with ARFID avoid or are uninterested in food for various reasons, not because of a desire to lose weight or a body image disorder. The occurrence of such a disorder in children due to their developmental period can lead to irreversible medical complications and functional-social disorders. Since the definition of this disorder, studies on the prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome in the pediatric population have been very limited, so the purpose of this article is to describe and clarify the diagnostic criteria, clinical manifestations, prevalence, etiology, consequences, prevention, and treatment of ARFID restriction in children. It is hoped that the theoretical basis for further research, parental awareness, and support and knowledge for better diagnosis and treatment by therapists will be provided.

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of body image anxiety in the relationship between attitudes toward cosmetic surgery and social media addiction in adolescents. The design of the study was descriptive-correlational by path analysis. To achieve the objectives of the research, among all adolescents aged 14 to 18 years old in Tabriz schools in 1400, a sample of 357 people was selected by the available sampling method. Data were collected using SMD Social Network Addiction Questionnaire (Ejenden et al., 2016), ACSS Attitude Towards Cosmetic Surgery (Henderson and Henderson, 2005), and BICI Body Image Concern (Littleton et al., 2005). To analyze the data, the path analysis method was used, which showed a relatively good fit for the hypothetical research model. Findings showed the direct effect of social media addiction (β = 0.13) and body image anxiety (41 / Β = 0) on the attitude towards cosmetic surgery and also the indirect effect of social media addiction on the attitude towards cosmetic surgery through the mediating variable of body image concern (β = 0.26) It is positive and significant (p <0.05). Considering that the indirect effect of social media addiction on attitudes toward cosmetic surgery through the mediating variable of body image concern is greater than the direct effect of social media addiction on attitudes toward cosmetic surgery; Therefore, it can be concluded that body image concerns can mediate the relationship between attitudes toward cosmetic surgery and social media addiction.

The aim of this study was to predict parental burnout during corona quarantine based on parental perfectionism and positive and negative effects of parents of primary school children. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a sample of 300 people (124 fathers and 176 mothers) were taken from all parents and their children who were in quarantine during the year 1399 in Bandar Abbas. Accessible were selected. To collect data, the parental burnout questionnaire during the coronary quarantine(PBA) of Rozkam et al(2018), the multidimensional parental perfectionism questionnaire (MPPQ)of Snell and Orby (2005), the positive and negative affect test (PANAS) of Watson and Telgen (1988) were used. Social network (WhatsApp and Telegram) was provided to parents. Research data were analyzed through multiple regression. The findings showed that parental perfectionism and negative effect can positively predict parental burnout during coronary quarantine and positive effects negatively predict parental burnout during coronary quarantine. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that parental perfectionism and positive and negative effects can predict parental burnout during coronary quarantine in parents of primary school children.