سمانه صفری

Lead is an environmental pollutant and has destructive effects on the functioning of various body systems such as the reproductive system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of hydroethanolic extract of palm meristem on the process of spermatogenesis in male Wistar rats induced with lead acetate.

In the present experimental study conducted in 2023, 35 male Wistar rats with 200-220g were used and divided in five groups: Control (received water and normal food), positive control (received palm meristem extract with a dose of 500 mg/kg, ip), witness (received lead acetate 0.5 gr/ L, in drinking water) and Treatment 1 and 2 (receiver of lead acetate, 0.5 gr/ L, in drinking water and palm meristem extract with a dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, ip, respectively).The experiments were conducted  for 2 weeks. At the end of the experiments, blood and serum were taken from the animals to measure testosterone, LH and FSH hormones, then sperm count and testicular histological samples were evaluated. Collected data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smironov statistical tests, one-way analysis of variance within the subject and Tukey's post hoc test.

The results of the present study indicated that lead acetate causes destruction and necrosis in the testicular tissue of rats. It correspondingly caused a significant decrease in the number of sperms and the serum level of testosterone hormone (P<0.001). Palm meristem's extract protected the testicular tissue and increased the process of spermatogenesis in the treatment groups compared to the witness group. Testosterone hormone increased significantly in the treatment groups compared to the witness group (P<0.05).

The hydroethanolic extract of palm meristem had a protective effect on the testicular tissue of rats against the toxic effects of lead acetate.

Emotional intelligence as the ability to understand emotions in self and others, is recognized as underlying success in various aspects.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and sleep quality in female high school students.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 284 female high school students in Rasht in 2019-2020, selected by cluster sampling. Demographic, the Bar-On emotional intelligence, and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) questionnaires were completed online by the participants. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS statistics software, version 22 using Spearman’s correlation coefficient and multiple logistic regression analysis.

The Mean age of participants was 13.94±0.95 years, and the mean previous grade point average (GPA) of participants was 19.61±0.89. The Mean total score of students’ emotional intelligence and sleep quality were 334.95±42.82 and 4.71±3.20, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between the total score of emotional intelligence and sleep quality (r=-0.427 and P<0.001). Also, 31% of the subjects had poor sleep quality (95% CI, 25.7%-36.6%), and the multiple logistic regression showed an inverse relationship between poor sleep quality and emotional intelligence score (OR=0.98, P<0.001). There was no association between demographic variables and sleep quality (P>0.05). 

About a third of female students had poor sleep quality. There was a significant relationship between sleep quality and emotional intelligence. Therefore, poor sleep quality was associated with lower emotional intelligence.

Some drugs used in chemotherapy have destructive effects on hematopoietic tissue.Cyclophosphamide is a commonly used anti-cancer drug which used for some of malignant cancers treatment and causes toxicity by its reactive metabolites such as acrolein and phosphoramide mustard. This drug has oxidant, inflammatory and subversion effects on blood hemopoetic bone marrow tissue. Medicinal plants with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects have protective effects on bone marrow tissue. The aim of this experimental study is to investigate  antioxidant and anti-infammatory effects of  Calendula officinalis L. hydroethanolic extract (CHE) on bone marrow in Wistar rats treated with cyclophosphamide.

In this experimental study 35 male Wistar rats (220-250 g) were divided in 5 groups (n=7): control (Normal saline, 0.5 ml), Cyclophosphamide (CP, 15mg/kg), positive control (CHE, 600 mg/kg), treatment 1 (CP, 15mg/kg + CHE, 300 mg/kg) and treatment 2 (CP, 15mg/kg + CHE, 600 mg/kg). All injections were done interaperituneally and the experiments were done for 15 days. At the end of experiments all animals were anesthetized ( ketamine hydrochloride, 50mg/kg + xylasine hydrochloride, 10mg/kg). After splitting the chest with surgical scissor, blood samples were collected directly from the right ventricle of the heart. The collected blood samples were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5 minutes and their serums were separated. Serums prepared send to the laboratory for  measuring serum parameters such as: Nitric oxide(NO), Glutamine (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Tumor Necrosis Factor- alfa(TNF-α) and Inetrlukin-6β (IN-6β). In addition, rat sternum's tissue samples were isolated and fixed with 10% Formaldehyde. Bone marrow tissue samples were studied in the histology laboratory after various steps and preparation of microscopic sections. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test. The significant difference of the data were considered with p <0.05.

The results of this study showed that cyclophosphamide caused a significant increase in serum TNF-α levels in the group receiving cyclophosphamide compared to the control group (p<0.001). While in the positive control group and treatments 1 and 2 groups, there was no significant difference compared to the control group. Also, there was no significant difference between treatment 1 and treatment 2 groups. Cyclophosphamide significantly increased serum IL-6β levels in the CP group compared to the control group (p<0.001). However, serum levels of IL-6β in the groups treated with CHE were significantly reduced compared to the CP group. There was significant difference of serum levels of IL-6β between treatment 1 and treatment 2 groups (p<0. 01). The use of cyclophosphamide showed that the NO serum level in the CP group was significantly higher than the control group. The groups treated with CHE had a significant decrease in NO serum level compared to the CP group (p<0.001). There was significant difference of serum levels of NO serum level between treatment 1 and treatment 2 groups (p<0. 001). In addition, MDA serum levels in the CP group were significantly increased compared to the control group. There was significant difference of serum levels of MDA serum levels between treatment 1 and treatment 2 groups (p<0. 001). There was significant differences of MDA serum levels in CP group, positive group  and treatment groups 1&2 (p<0. 001). Another result of this study was that cyclophosphamide significantly reduced serum levels of GSH and GPx in the CP group compared with control group (p<0. 001). While serum levels of these parameters in positive control groups and treatments 1 and 2 showed a significant increase compared to the CP group. There were no significant differences of GPx and GSH serum levels between treatment groups 1&2. Histological results in this study showed that CP reduces cell density, loss of cell cohesion and also infiltration of lymphocytes in bone marrow tissue samples in CP group. These results also showed that in treatment group 1 cell density is relatively higher than CP group. In treatment group 2, cell density increased and a significant decrease in inflammatory cells were observed. No significant changes were observed in the positive control group compared to the control group.

The results of this study showed that cyclophosphamide has destructive effects on various tissues of the body, including hematopoietic tissue of bone marrow in test rats. The effects of oxidative stress and cell death of cyclophosphamide have been previously reported. The use of drugs used in the process of chemotherapy is very common and inevitable. Cyclophosphamide, which is used in pediatric oncology as part of standard treatment for leukemia, solid tumors and brain tumors, is one of these drugs. Cyclophosphamide, as a cytotoxic drug, causes inflammation and increases inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),  IL-1β and IL-6β. Cyclophosphamide has been identified as one of the most important tissue toxicity agents due to its reactive metabolites such as acrolein and phosphoramide mustard and it has been shown that this anticancer drug increases inflammatory serum factors such as TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) and decreases regenerative glutathione (GSH). In various studies, the antioxidant effects of CHE extract have been proven. Many chemical compounds have been identified in CHE, including carotenoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins, quinones, amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. These compounds can be used for various medicinal and therapeutic purposes as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-cancer, anti-HIV, for wound healing and more. The main chemical constituents of CHE include steroids, terpenoids, free and esterified terterpene alcohols, phenolic acids, flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, narcissin, isoramentin, campferrol) and other compounds. Research has shown that coumarins have very beneficial effects on cell proliferation and preventing apoptosis. Large amounts of coumarin have been mentioned in the extract of Calendula officinalis's extract. Coumarins have been used to treat prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma and leukemia. In addition, coumarins play an important role in preventing side effects from radiotherapy. The antioxidant activity of CHE was shown in a study performed on polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds with iron-binding region have iron chelating properties. By flaking iron, flavonoids both absorb more iron from the intestines and prevent it from being excreted by the kidneys. By doing this, flavonoids store iron in tissues, especially in hematopoietic tissues. Calendula officinalis's flowers contain large amounts of antioxidant compounds (flavonoids and polyphenols), which indicates the antioxidant properties of this plant. The presence of propylene glycol in CHE has been effective in preventing the formation of oxidizing free radicals such as ROS and RNS in isolated leukocytes in the respiratory tract. The protective effects of CHE on inflammatory parameters and serum antioxidants seem to be related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, it is thought that CHE extract, due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, is able to prevent the destructive effects of cyclophosphamide on hematopoietic tissue.

In the present study, synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its antibacterial activity were investigated. Silver nanoparticles were rapidly synthesized using leaf extract of beet sugar leaf the formation of nanoparticles was observed within 1 hr. The results recorded from UV–vis spectrum, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) support the biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles.  The UV-Visible spectrophotometer was indicated absorbance peak in range of 435-440 nm. From high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis, the size of the silver nanoparticles was measured 35–40nm. Further, the antibacterial activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles showed effective inhibitory. It showed that antibacterial activity increased by addition concentration of silver nano particle. The 0.008 molar concentrations of AgNPs, antibacterial activity was higher than other concentrations. Results confirmed this protocol as simple, rapid, one step, and eco-friendly, nontoxic and alternative conventional physical/chemical methods. Nanoparticle synthesis is a novel research are to search for an eco-friendly manner and green materials for potential applications in the fields of medicine and drug delivery.

The knowledge, attitude and performance of healthcare specialists, including students, concerning organ donation play an important role in promoting organ donation because they can share their information with their friends and families. This research intended to determine the effect of education on knowledge, attitude and performance of students towards organ transplantation.  This semi-experimental research was conducted on 150 students with a pre-test and post-test design. The studied samples were randomly divided into two test groups (75 people) and control (75 people).The participants’ knowledge, attitude and performance of students were investigated before and one month after the educational program that consisted of three 2-hour sessions of lecture, PowerPoint slides, and pamphlets as educational tools. A questionnaire containing items on demographic information, knowledge, attitude, and performance regarding organ transplantation was used for date collection purposes. The data were analyzed in SPSS 18 using chi-square and independent t-tests. The p-values less than 0.05% were considered significant.Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in mean scores for knowledge (p=0.7), attitude (p=0.4), and performance (p=0.6) toward organ transplantation between the two groups. However, after the intervention, there were significant differences between the two groups in the mean scores for knowledge (p-value <0.05) and attitude (p-value <0.05) whereas no significant differences were observed between them in the mean score for performancee regarding organ transplantation (p-value>0.05).   The findings revealed that the educational program improved the students' knowledge of organ donation as well as their attitude towards it. However, because there was no increase in the mean score for performance of the test group, it is recommended that a concerted effort be made to provide organized educational programs while also continuously assessing the efficacy of the content of these programs in order to improve performance toward organ transplantation and increase organ donation.

Urban inefficiency fabrics both in the city and the sub urb, are one of the complex and unforgivable issues in Today's cities and over time, they lose a lot of their quality.The decrease in the quality of residence, the existence of low-income groups, low value of land and housing, and the existence of large scale lands, capitalists have attracted the attention of these fabrics and these factors have caused to inter capital and the construction of large commercial projects in them. One of the biggest consequences is the displacement of its main residents. In recent years, the Al-Mahdi neighborhood of Mashhad has seen extensive Capitalization entry, it has also been selected as a case study and the purpose of this study is investigating the Effect of capitalization on the displacement in this neighborhood. The present study is a descriptive-analytical study and is following answer this main question that what effect does Capitalization have on the Displacement? for Investigating case study and indicators identified has been used to survey technique and the information achieved is Classified by SPSS software, then, using the path analysis method and Smart PLS software, the model of relationships was developed between variables and indicators, as well as path coefficients and significance coefficients. the results of this study show that the independent variable of capitalization at the 95% confidence level in Al-Mahdi neighborhood affects the displacement variable.

Some of drugs which used in chemotherapy have destructive effects on hemopoetic tissue. Cyclophosphamid is a drug for malignant cancers treatment with subversion effects on blood hemopoetic bone marrow. Medicinal plants with antioxidant effects have anti-inflammatory and protective effects on bone marrow tissue. The aim of this study is to investigate of protective effect of Calendula officinalis L. hydrethanolic extract (CHE) on boold parameters in Wistar male rats induced with cyclophosphamide.

In this experimental study 35 male Wistar rats (200-220 g) were divided in 5 groups(n=7): control (0.5 ml salin normal), Cyclophosphamide (15 mg/kg), positive control 600 mg/kg, CHE), treatment 1 (Cyclophosphamide 15 mg/kg+300 mg/kg, CHE) and treatment 2 (Cyclophosphamide 15mg/kg +600 mg/kg, CHE). All injections were done interaperituneally and the experiments were done for 15 days. At the end of expriments all animals were anesthetized (ketamine hydrochlorids, 50mg/kg+xylasine hydrochloride 10 mg/kg) and blood samples and sternum bone tissue (fixed in 10% formaldehyde) were collected. All data were evaluated statistically by ANOVA and Tukey’s method.

The results of this study were showed that cyclophosphamide has reduce effects on blood parameters (RBC, WBC, PL, Hb, Hct, MCV,MCH, MCHC) compare with control group significantly. CHE can protect and inhibite of cyclophosphamide damage effects on blood hemopoetic tissue.

The use of CHE is able to protect of blood hemopoetic tissue in bone marrow and prohihite of cyclophosphamide effects.

Infertility is an important life crisis that leads to psychological complications and severely stressful experiences. Infertility stress disrupts marital adjustment, and the subsequent incompatibility increases over time. In this regard, numerous factors may affect coupleschr('39') relationship, and forgiveness between couples has been suggested as a major influential factor in family strength. Forgiveness could a potent mechanism to end a broken relationship or help resolve conflicts between couples and provide the conditions for reconciliation, thereby increasing coupleschr('39') satisfaction with each other. Coupleschr('39') forgiveness is a process that allows gaining a greater understanding of themselves, each other, and their relationships in order to become free of the dominance of negative thoughts, feelings, and behaviors after experiencing an unpleasant interpersonal event. To date, no studies have investigated the influential factors in forgiveness, and no interventional research has been focused on forgiveness in infertile couples in Iran. Prior to forgiveness-based interventions, it is essential to evaluate the dimensions and influential factors in different research communities, so that the design and formulation of support programs for infertile couples would be based on the related variables to achieve the desired outcomes. The present study aimed to assess the dimensions of forgiveness and its influential factors in infertile couples.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 200 infertile couples referring to Omid Royan Infertility Center in Arak, Iran; the cause of infertility was of the female origin. The subjects were selected via continuous sampling during December 2018-September 2019. The inclusion criteria were Iranian nationality, age of 18-49 years, literacy, no drugs abuse, no use of medications for mental disorders, no psychiatric disorders (self-report of subjects), no adopted children, first marriage in both couples, and a minimum of one year since the diagnosis of infertility. Data were collected using demographic and infertility questionnaire and family forgiveness scale (FFS). Face and content validity was used to assess the validity of the demographic and infertility questionnaire. FFS was designed and developed by Pollard et al. in 1998 to measure forgiveness in families and couples, as well as the dimensions of forgiveness. The questionnaire consists of 40 items and two sections. The first 20 items are focused on the family of origin, and the second 20 items are focused on primal relationship (nuclear family). Since the infertile couples in our study were childless, only the second section of the questionnaire (primal relationship) was used, which has five subscales of realization, recognition, reparation, restitution, and resolution. Each subscale has four items, which are scored based on a four-point Likert scale (Never True=1, Almost Always True=4). Notably, the 10-point scoring of this questionnaire is inverse. The scores of each subscale are within the range of 4-16, and the score range of the entire scale is 20-80, with the higher scores indicating more forgiveness. Pollard et al. obtained the Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient for the subscales of the questionnaire, which are calculated to be within the range of 0.55-0.86. FFS has been psychometrically measured for the Iranian population by Seif and Bahari (2003). In a study on a sample of 766 married couples in Tehran (Iran), the reliability of the second section of the scale (primal relationship) was reported to be 85% based on Cronbachchr('39')s alpha. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Pearsonchr('39')s correlation-coefficient, and the P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant.

The mean forgiveness score of men and women was 64.38 ± 4.89 and 64.14±6.16, respectively. The highest mean score in the dimensions of forgiveness in both women and men was achieved the dimension of resolution (14.10 ± 1.84 and 13.94 ± 2.18, respectively), while the lowest mean score was in the dimension of recognition in women and men (10.80 ± 1.75 and 10.58 ± 1.34, respectively). A significant positive correlation was observed between the forgiveness of infertile women and the forgiveness of their spouses (r=0.44; P<0.001). Among the studied variables, the forgiveness of infertile women was correlated with the variables of male and female education level, female occupation status, residential status, and type of marriage. On the other hand, spousal forgiveness was only correlated with male education level, male occupation status, and the number of failed pregnancies.

According to the results, the mean forgiveness scores of men and women had no significant difference. The highest mean score in both women and men was achieved in the dimension of recovery, while the lowest mean score belonged to the acknowledgment of error. Increased forgiveness in one of the spouses was accompanied by enhanced forgiveness on behalf of the other spouse. Among the studied variables, forgiveness in infertile women was correlated with the variables of male and female education level, female occupation status, residential status, and type of marriage, while the forgiveness of men was only correlated with male education level and occupation status and the number of failed pregnancies. Attention must be paid to the influential factors in forgiveness in the development and formulation of counseling or educational programs based on forgiveness, along with other methods of psychological support for infertile couples in order to improve marital relations and coupleschr('39') adaptation to the issues and stresses caused by infertility and its treatment.

In the translation of literary texts, the transfer of the author’s style is of particular importance. It is the translator’s responsibility to transmit not only the author’s intended meaning but also to recreate the characteristics of the author’s style since faithfulness in translation requires it. In this article, the authors aimed to identify the characteristics of the feminine writing style of Zoya Pirzad by choosing one of her short stories named The acrid taste of persimmon as the case. The study focused on the lexical and syntactic plan before proceeding to an analysis based on the approach of several theorists who focused on the translation of style and meaning, women’s writing, etc. Therefore, fragments of the text containing the mentioned items were selected and analyzed. Apart from the analytical study of the original text, its French translation done by Christophe Balaÿ has been compared with the source text, a comparison developed by the authors of the article both in translation and lexicology.

Evaluation of zone dispersed mineralization from blind mineralization in active and inactive mines are the main challenges in mining geochemistry. In this research a new model has been presented for detection of anomaly by integration of singularity and zonality methods. This method show the depletion and enrichment of vertical zonality index in study area. Singularity of vertical zonality index was mapped in Kerver2. Results show west of this area is blind mineralization.

In this study, a neuromarketing project was conducted via EEG signal processing in which the individuals’ interest for buying a relatively luxurious decorative product (which has a relative advantage in exports based on commonly evaluated criteria and indicators in economic) was evaluated. EEG signals of 24 participants during observing and selecting gemstone images were recorded and processed in order to analyze statistical significance of brain activity variations involved in the emotional (liking) and the decision making (choosing) processes. The recorded signals during the stimulation and selection phases were pre-processed in several steps to remove the existing noises and artifacts. Then, the 19-channel EEGs were processed via multiple tools to indicate active brain regions while watching gemstones. Brain mapping and regional analysis indicated that the occipital>frontal>limbic regions were more activated than other regions. Moreover, the left hemisphere has been more active than the right hemisphere. At the next step, nonlinear entropy feature of each signal segment was extracted to be used for training a neurofuzzy system which is an automatic classifier that learns to classify the individuals’ choices. The classification has resulted in 86.25% precision and 87.4% accuracy in a three-class classification task (including two pleasant selections and one unpleasant selection). At the final step, using a questionnaire filled by participants following the recording session, a number of statistical analyses were performed over the self-conscious and unconscious by means of statistical tools including t-test, analysis of variance and regression. The results of statistical tests indicated that there are significant differences for the cognition of liking or preferring among different choices and based on the selections made by women and men. Furthermore, the lack of existence of a significant difference between conscious and unconscious choices were rejected.

Detection of zone dispersed mineralization from blind mineralization are the main target in mining geochemistry. Quantitative models for different types of mineralization have been presented byzonality method, in 40 years ago. zonality method has a disadvantages for detection of anomalies. In this research a new model was presented for detection of anomaly by integration of singularity and zonality methods. This Singularity method show the depletion and enrichment of vertical zonality index in study area. Singularity of vertical zonality index (Pb*Zn/Cu*Ag) was mapped in Baggolom which located in Jebal- Barez. The results were compared with fractal and zonality methods. For this purpose, 400 sampled were taken from systematic sampling grid. The samples were analyzed for Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo, Sn, V, Co, Ba, Sb, As, Bi, Hg and Sb by the atomic absorption method. According to the zonality method if Pb×Zn/Cu×Ag >10 anomaly is blind and α