سمیرا کرمی

The aim of this study was to investigate the Regulation of Motivation Scale’s (RMS) psychometric qualities among Iranian student. The research methodology was applied with an objective in mind and a descriptive way of data collection. All Imam Javad University students enrolled for the 2021–2022 academic year were included in the statistics population. A total of 330 individuals—the 350 participants in the sample—completed the questionnaires after being chosen from among the students using the available sampling technique. Measures of goal orientation, motivational regulation, and difficulty regulating emotions served as the research instruments. For data analysis, SPSS version 23 was utilized, while AMOS software was employed for confirmatory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the model with a two-component structure has a good fit, and the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that RMS has two main components: “Willpower” and “motivational regulation” with a specific value of more than one. Using Cronbach’s alpha, the RMS scale's internal consistency was evaluated and verified. The study’s results supported RMS’s convergent and divergent validity. RMS offers strong validity and dependability overall for usage with Iranian pupils.

Diclofop-methyl is labeled for use in wheat and barley to control many grassy species, e.g., the genus Avena. Efforts should be made to use diclofop-methyl correctly, allowing the reduced doses to be applied. The response of herbicides to spray volume is different. After determining a suitable spray volume for a foliage-applied herbicide, the next step is to adjust it. The spray volume can be adjusted by two methods the change in application speed or nozzle size. If less spray volume is necessary to apply an herbicide, it is needed to increase application speed. It causes the spray droplets to be more bounced or shattered from the leaf surface, causing the herbicide not to achieve optimal efficacy. Therefore, selecting a smaller orifice nozzle is much more applicable, of course, if the spray drift is controlled. The surface tension of water, which is used to spray herbicides, can be slightly reduced after adding the formulation of herbicides. Therefore, the relatively high surface tension of the spray solution poses three main problems. First, the spray droplets can easily be bounced off the leaf surface. Second, those remaining on the leaf surface after impact have a relatively spherical shape. Third, the crystalline wax in the cuticles, is considered an essential barrier to penetrating herbicides into the leaf tissues. It is well-established that the three main issues mentioned above can be addressed by selecting a suitable surfactant to add to the spray solution. This addition enables optimal efficacy of the herbicide. Consequently, numerous previous studies have highlighted the superiority of trisiloxane surfactants over non-silicone surfactants in enhancing herbicidal activity. This study aims to assess whether the effect of spray volume, adjusted by changing nozzle size, on the herbicidal activity of diclofop-methyl could be influenced by two types of trisiloxane surfactants – one with super wetting properties and the other with non-super wetting properties.

A greenhouse trial was performed as a dose-response relationship at the Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. The experiment was designed as a four-factor completely randomized design. The first factor was the dose of diclofop-methyl (Illoxan® EC 36%) including 0, 112.5, 225, 450, 900 (labeled dose), and 1350 g ha-1. The second factor was spray volume, including 60, 120, 240, and 480 L ha-1, which were adjusted using 1100075, 110015, 11003, and 11006 flat fan nozzle, respectively. The third factor was two types of trisiloxane surfactants, Break-Thru® S 233 having a non-super wetting property and Break-Thru® S 240 having a super wetting property. Both are non-ionic surfactants and manufactured by Evonik company in Germany. They formed their critical micelle concentration (CMC) at 0.1% v v-1 at which the surface tension of distilled water (72.1 mN m-1) containing Break-Thru® S 233 and Break-Thru® S 240 was measured to be 24.1 and 22.6 mN m-1, respectively. The fourth factor was surfactant concentration, including 0, 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8% v v-1 (a range from ⅛ to 8 CMC, respectively). A compressor sprayer was used to apply the treatments at 300 kPa spray pressure. A nonlinear regression analysis was conducted to analyze the ‘drc’ using the software R.

A 40% increase in the ED50 value occurred with increasing the spray volumes from 60 to 480 L ha-1 (536.4 and 865.1 g ha-1, respectively), indicating a negative relationship between diclofop-methyl activity and spray volume. Adding Break-Thru® S 233 at 0.025% v v-1 to 60, 120, 240, and 480 L ha-1 spray volumes caused a 1.16, 3.31, 2.04, and 2.13-fold decrease in the ED50 value compared with no surfactant at their corresponding spray volumes, respectively. While, adding Break-Thru® S 240 at 0.025% v v-1 to 60, 120, 240, and 480 L ha-1 spray volumes caused a 1.39, 1.32, 1.34, and 1.19-fold decrease in the ED50 value compared with no surfactant at their corresponding spray volumes, respectively. A decrease in the ED50, attributed to the addition of surfactants, signifies an enhanced activity of diclofop-methyl against sterile oat. This improvement may stem from a reduction in the surface tension of the spray solution, resulting in an expanded retention and/or spreading area of the spray droplets on the leaf surface. This, in turn, facilitates increased penetration of the herbicide into the leaf tissue. These findings indicate that Break-Thru® S 233 works better when added at low concentration to a low-volume spray solution, while Break-Thru® S 240 works better when added at high concentration to a low-volume spray solution. It can be attributed to the difference in the wetting property of surfactants. The natural relationship between diclofop-methyl activity and spray volume at higher concentrations of Break-Thru® S 233 may be related to its phytotoxic effect, resulting in an antagonism effect on diclofop-methyl activity against sterile oat. In the case of Break-Thru® S 240, the relationship mode between diclofop-methyl activity and spray volume was not affected by surfactant concentration indicating the lack of phytotoxic effect by this surfactant.

The current study revealed a negative relationship between diclofop-methyl efficacy and spray volume, which was adjusted by nozzle size. Although this finding differs from a previous study in which spray volume has been adjusted by application speed, they showed that the effect of spray volume on the herbicide’s efficacy depends not only on herbicide but also on how it is adjusted. The smaller, more concentrated spray droplets are necessary to get a better action of diclofop-methyl against sterile oat. However, the negative relationship observed between diclofop-methyl efficacy and spray volume could also be observed with two types of trisiloxane when they surfactants, were used at 0.0125 to 0.1 v v-1. While, when they were used at 0.2 to 0.8% v v-1, the relationship mode changed from negative to neutral for Break-Thru® S 233, but it did not change for Break-Thru® S 240. Moreover, Break-Thru® S 240 works better when added at high concentration to a low-volume spray solution due to the danger of spray run-off, while Break-Thru® S 233 works better when added at low concentration to a low-volume spray solution due to its phytotoxic effect.

The present study aimed to predict the quality of women's marital relationships based on personality traits and emotional Alexithymia. The correlational research method was predictive and its statistical population included all married women who were housewives in Yazd city and 333 sample were selected voluntarily. five personality traits (NEO) and Busby et al.'s Marital Quality Scale (RDAS) were measured to collect data from the Toronto alexithymia questionnaire. In addition, pearson's correlation and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data. Based on the results, the personality traits of extroversion, conscientiousness, and openness to experience positive and irritability and emotional ataxia negatively predict the quality of women's marital relationships. Furthermore, the personality traits of extroversion, irritability, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and emotional ataxia can predict the quality of marital relationships of housewives.

Since the leaves of a grass species are perpendicularly oriented to the ground, spraying an ACCase inhibitor with a conventional hydraulic nozzle can not cause an adequate control. In such a situation, it is well established that a large endo-drift of the spray droplets can be occurred. Recently, a new spray technique, angled spray, has been introduced to maximize the deposition of spray droplets on a vertical target surface (i.e., grassy species). This technique is simple, inexpensive, and available to farmers. Therefore, it can be noteworthy to them. This reserech aimed to study the effect of many angled sprays by three flat fan nozzle types on the efficacy of haloxyfop-R-methyl against winter wild oat.

This study was conducted as dose-response bioassay at the research greenhouse of Bu-Ali Sina University in 2019. Haloxyfop-R-methyl at seven doses (0, 5.06, 10.12, 20.25, 40.5, 60.75, and 81 ml a.i. ha-1) were sprayed at 300 kPa spray pressure using three flat fan nozzle types having different atomization quality (standard (Fine: 144–235 µm), anti-drift (Medium: 236–340 µm), and air induction (Extremely Coarse: 503–665 µm)) in seven angled sprays (vertical spray and non-vertical sprays with 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60° forward) on winter wild oat at the three-leaf stage. The haloxyfop-R-methyl dose required to give a 50% reduction in dry weight of winter wild oat (ED50) was detected.

The ED50 values were significantly affected by the nozzle type and the spray angle. With a vertical spray, the ED50 values of 32.51, 44.05, and 53.98 ml a.i. ha-1 was obtained from the flat fan nozzles of standard, anti-drift, and air induction, respectively. The best efficacy of haloxyfop-R-methyl was obtained using a 30° forward angled spray by standard flat fan nozzle (ED50 = 15.10 ml a.i. ha-1), a 40° forward angled spray by anti-drift flat fan nozzle (ED50 = 17.13 ml a.i. ha-1), and a 50° forward angled spray by air induction flat fan nozzle (ED50 = 17.61 ml a.i. ha-1).

From this experiment, the following points were obtained: 1) with a vertical spray, there is a negative correlation between the herbicide efficacy and the spray droplet size; 2) with a non-vertical spray, there is a neutral correlation between the herbicide efficacy and the spray droplet size; 3) when the droplets produced by a nozzle is larger, the more non-vertical spray is required to obtain maximoum herbicide efficacy.

Whether a soil is settled on velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti (Malvaceae) or not, it was not clear if the concentration of spray droplets could influence the effectiveness of trifloxysulfuron. In an experiment, 12 g ha–1 trifloxysulfuron was sprayed at 135 l ha–1 on velvetleaf treated with 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 kg soil ha–1 through two soil treatment methods, one within a soil dust chamber and the other with a simulated muddy rain. In another experiment, velvetleaf was treated with 20 kg soil ha–1 and exposed to the airflow of 0 and 10 km h–1. Then 12 g ha–1 trifloxysulfuron was sprayed at 135, 180, 225, 270, 360, and 450 l ha–1. The effectiveness of trifloxysulfuron was negatively correlated with the rate of soil settled on velvetleaf. When the source of soil was a simulated muddy rain, compared to the soil dust chamber, it had a more negative effect on the effectiveness of trifloxysulfuron. Besides, it was not removed from velvetleaf by the airflow before spraying. The effectiveness of trifloxysulfuron was correlated with carrier volume. Correlation type was affected by soil settled on velvetleaf. A positive correlation was observed in soil-treated velvetleaf, especially within the soil dust chamber. Therefore, larger, more diluted droplets were needed to obtain the best trifloxysulfuron efficacy. Unlike in non-treated velvetleaf, a negative correlation was observed. Therefore, larger, more diluted droplets were required to get the best trifloxysulfuron effectiveness.

Clopyralid is an important herbicide for controlling the broadleaf weeds in sugar beet fields, but the effect of spray volume and soil settled on the shoot of weeds on its efficacy has not been studied yet. Therefore, a greenhouse study in factorial design (3×2×5) based on completely randomized design was conducted. The first factor included the amount of soil settled on jimsonweed foliage (0, 20 kgha-1 via a dust chamber, and 20 kg ha-1 via muddy rain), the second factor composed of airflow before spraying (0 and 6 kmh-1) and the third factor included spray volume (120, 240, 360, 480, and 600 lha-1). In the absence of soil on the shoot, the highest level of jimsonweed control (> 94%) was obtained with the use of clopyralid at 120 l ha-1. Under the same condition, the efficacy of clopyralid decreased with increasing the spray volume. In the presence of soil on the shoot via both methods, the lowest level of jimsonweed control (25%) was obtained with the use of clopyralid at 120 lha-1. Under the same condition, the efficacy of clopyralid increased with increasing the spray volume. At all spray volumes (except at 120 lha-1), the negative effect of soil settled on the shoot of jimsonweed via muddy rain was greater than dust chamber. Flowing air before spraying was only useful when the source of soil settled on the shoot of jimsonweed was dust chamber. In the presence of soil on the shoot of weed, more spraying volume, but in the absence of soil, low spraying volume is recommended for the use of clopyralid.

The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is one of the most important intracellular signaling pathways by regulating the cell cycle process. The direct relationship of this pathway with important mechanisms such as cell quiescence, longevity, and proliferation has been established. The overactive PI3K pathway with decreased and increased apoptosis and cell proliferation respectively is involved in pathogenesis of many cancers, including blood malignancies such as leukemia.

Laboratory findings have shown that different factors, such as miRNAs, play a role in regulating PI3K signaling pathway. These molecules can alter the fate of a cell by interfering in suppression/overexpression of mRNA, transcription factors or stimulating the transcription of some genes. In this article, we reviewed the role of miRNAs in regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and its effect on leukemic progression and treatment failure.

At present, miRNAs are known to be one of the causes of treatment failure and relapse in cancers.

Since rainfall occurs often in the fall and winter, water is an important limiting factor to subsequent growing crops especially those in hot seasons like soybean. Therefore, there is a growing focus on increasing water use efficiency in crops in recent years. Recently, an irrigation technique so-called magnetized water has been introduced to increase water use efficiency. The researchers have reported that the physical and chemical properties of water including electrical conductivity, volatility, pH, solubility, surface tension, and viscosity can be affected by its passage through the magnetic field. Subsequently, these changes lead to alterations in soil electrical conductivity, soil nutrient mobility, soil water holding capacity, water passage through the soil profile and soil pH. Increased water use efficiency in soybean (11%) and many leguminous crops have been demonstrated through their irrigation with magnetized water. However, those studies have provided no information about the status of bacterial nodulation on legume root in such an irrigation method. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of irrigation with magnetized water on five soybean varieties on their symbiosis with specific bacteria (Bradyrhizobium japonicum). The experiment was conducted in the open air at the Bu Ali Sina University of Hamedan in 2018. A completely randomized design with two factors (soybean cultivar and irrigation water type) and eight replications was applied. The soybean cultivar had five levels (Amir, Zan, Saba, Kosar, and Hobbit) and irrigation water type had two levels (untreated and magnetically treated water). An equal volume of water (1 liter) was added to each pot every two days. Before adding water to pots for the irrigation with magnetized water, we passed it through a magnetic tube with a 35 cm long, 1-inch radius and a 0.68 T magnetic field intensity. On August 26, the plants of the half of replications were harvested to measure shoot dry weight, root dry weight, number of nodules, nodule dry weight, shoot nitrogen content and root nitrogen content. On September 10, the plants of the other half of replications were harvested to measure individual seed yield and its components (number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight). By dividing the seed yield obtained from each pot to the total volume of water added to each pot during the growing season, water use efficiency can be calculated. The soybean seedlings irrigated with magnetized water were green 1 to 2 days earlier than those irrigated with untreated water. The number of seeds per pod was not affected by soybean cultivar, irrigation water type, and their interaction. In other traits, the simple effects of soybean cultivar and irrigation water type and their interaction were significant at the 5% level of probability. The cultivars of Amir and Saba irrigated with magnetized water led to a higher shoot dry weight to root ratio, indicating the allocation of more resources to the shoot than to the root. The number of nodules formed on the root of all soybean cultivars (Amir (33.7%), Zan (55.3%), Saba (40.1%), Kosar (62.7%) and Hobbit (51.6%)) increased when they were irrigated with magnetized water. However, only in Zan (0.70%) and Kosar (45.1%), irrigation with magnetized water significantly increased the dry weight of nodules. The individual seed yield in all soybean cultivars (Amir (34.8%), Zan (35.1%), Saba (43.4%), Kosar (26.8%) and Hobbit (21.3%)) was significantly increased by irrigation with magnetized water, indicating an improved water use efficiency in soybean irrigated with magnetized water. Based on previous research, the most suitable soil pH range for bacterial growth and activity was found to be between 6.5 and 7.0. On the other hand, other researchers have shown that irrigation with magnetized water reduces the soil pH by approximately 0.5 units. Hence, in our experiment, irrigation with magnetized water probably caused the initial soil pH which was 7.6 to be closer to the optimal range for bacterial activity. Also, according to previous study, bacterial activity is also dependent on soil dry conditions. On the other hand, other researchers have shown that irrigation with magnetized water increases soil water storage capacity due to reduced water vaporization. Therefore, in our experiment, irrigation with magnetized water probably provided good moisture conditions for bacterial activity. The results showed that the irrigation of soybean with magnetized water improved its symbiosis with its specific rhizobium. Improved symbiosis increased plant seed yield and water use efficiency. Therefore, improved symbiosis by irrigating soybean with magnetized water can reduce the reliance on nitrogen fertilizer application in this plant. It can also improve the status of soil fertility for other crops in crop rotation.

Employees, especially new generation employees, expect to progress steadily in their careers, and when they reach a stage where the job is not learned and their skills improvement is stopped or they are unable to advance in the organizational hierarchy, Plateau phenomenon occurs which can have many consequences on important attitudes of employees.Understanding the importance of attitudes such as job involvement and organizational commitment, this study investigates the impact of the plateau phenomenon on these two variables in Taraspay.The survey method was used to collect data with a questionnaire including 52 questions. A total of 14 hypotheses were examined, one of which was rejected and the effect of content, plateau on normative commitment was not confirmed.

Over the past decade, most organizations have seen an increase in organizational reengineering. Organizations strive to become more efficient by flattening the organizational structures and reengineering operations to maintain competitiveness. The restructuring has led to fewer vertical promotion opportunities for the employees.
On the other hand, simple job design, non-use of motivational approaches to job design such as job enlargement, job rotation, job enrichment, and lack of attention to the need for professional development of employees have made employees feel that their job is not enough challenging, it doesn't matter  enough and it don't use their potential. Stopping people in the hierarchy and feeling lack of skills and professional growth, referred to as plateauing, can have adverse effects on employees' attitudes, which in this article affect two very important attitudes for the organization. Job involvement and organizational commitment have been addressed.

Case study

The statistical population of this study is all personnel of the holding company and its subsidiaries. This holding is one of a series of State Pension Fund Holdings and is working in the field of construction and real estate. The total number of employees was 130 and 97 were selected by simple random sampling

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and is a descriptive-survey that describes the conditions and phenomena studied. The research literature was compiled by library method and data collection was done by questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability and convergent validity were used to determine the reliability of the constructs.

In this paper, 5 main hypotheses and 9 sub-hypotheses were investigated, with the exception of one case confirmed. The results are in line with many other studies conducted in different fields.

Failure to career management and creating a plateau for employees can lead to negative results and therefore organizations can take steps to reduce these negative consequences, some of which are most common: Job counseling (talk employees about current and future job activities and personal and professional skills development), succession planning, job planning workshops, multiple career paths, using team-based structures, job enlargement, job enrichment, job rotation and so on.

The dust deposited on the foliage of weeds can have an adverse effect on the efficacy of herbicides, thus this effect should be eliminated somehow. In this greenhouse study conducting at Bu-Ali Sina University in 2018, the response of fresh : dry weight ratio of winter wild oat to the 6 doses of oxyfluorfen (0, 28.8, 60, 120, 240, and 480 g a.i. ha-1), paraquat (0, 36, 75 , 150, 300, and 600 g a.i. ha-1), and glufosinate (0, 60, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 g a.i. ha-1) sprayed with 240, 480, or 240 L ha-1 plus mepiquat at 50 g ha-1 under conditions of 0 and 20 Kg dust ha-1 were investigated. In the absence of dust, the addition of mepiquat to oxyfluorfen and paraquat spray solutions did not have a significant effect on their efficacy but the addition of it to glufosinate spray solution gave a significant negative effect on its efficacy. In the presence of dust, the addition of mepiquat to oxyfluorfen spray solution did not have a significant effect on its efficacy but the addition of it to glufosinate spray solution has 6-fold negative effect on its efficacy. While, the addition of mepiquat to paraquat spray solution had a positive effect on its efficacy and increased the efficacy by 62.07%. Whether dust was applied or not, increasing spray volume from 240 to 480 L ha-1 resulted in an improvement in the efficacy of all herbicides to desiccate the foliage of winter wild oat.

The herbicide application has caused some environmental problems. Therefore, optimal application of herbicides was followed in recent years. For this purpose, it is essential to minimize the exo-drift and/or endo-drift of spray droplets. The amount of exo-drift and/or endo-drift is directly related to the size of spray droplets. By decreasing the size of spray droplets, the exo-drift increases and the endo-drift decreases (34). This intricate issue is a stimulus to develop the types of nozzles in different sizes (color) producing different sizes of spray droplets at different spraying pressures. Such a development in the production of nozzles has caused difficulty and confusion in selecting a suitable type of nozzle (2). On the other hand, the agriculture sector is faced with water crisis in recent years. Considering that water is the most important carrier of herbicides, selecting a suitable spray volume is thus necessary. According to previous studies (26), the efficacy of different herbicides can influence spray volume negatively (30), neutrally (29), or positively (12). So far, the effect of spray volume on the efficacy of cycloxydim against any weed has not been investigated. Also, since the types of triplet flat fan nozzles have been recently developed, no investigation has been done on their performance compared to the types of single and twin flat fan nozzles. The current study aimed to fill this knowledge gap.   

The seeds of wild barely (Hordeum spontaneum Koch.) were treated to germinate. Then, 8 seedlings were planted within each 3-L pot and grown in the Research Greenhouse of Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. At the four-leaf stage, they were treated with 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 g cycloxydim ha-1 using 3 nozzle types (i.e. Standard, Anti-Drift, and Air Induction), at 3 orifice numbers (i.e. single, twin, and Triplet) and 3 nozzle sizes (i.e. 11002, 11003, and 11004). The treatments were sprayed at a pressure of 300 kPa when the wind speed was less than 0.4 m s-1. The volume of spray created by 11002, 11003, and 11004 nozzle sizes was 160, 240 and 320 L ha-1, respectively. Three weeks after spraying, the dry weight of plants was determined. The date were fitted using a four-parameter log-logistic model to estimate the dose required to achieve 50% wild barley control (ED50).
 

The ED50 was significantly affected by the type, size, and orifice number of nozzle. In all types of nozzles (Standard, anti-Drift and Air Induction) and sizes (11002, 11003 and 11004), an increase in orifice number significantly reduced the values of ED50 for cycloxydim against wild barely, indicating increased efficiency of herbicide. This can be explained by two reasons. Firstly, with an increase in orifice number in each type of nozzles, the size of spray droplets decreases. Previous studies have proven that there is a negative relationship between the amount of spray droplets deposited on the target surface and the size of spray droplets. Therefore, by decreasing the size of spray droplets, they can be deposited more on the target surface, resulting in an improvement in the foliage-herbicides efficiency. Secondly, increasing the orifice number of nozzle can lead to the penetration of spray droplets into the canopy. Among the nozzles of 11002 in any orifice number, the performance of nozzles was ranked as Standard > Anti-Drift > Air Induction. However, among the nozzles of 11003 or 11004 in any orifice number, the performance of nozzles was as Standard = Anti-Drift > Air Induction. Among all types of nozzles in any orifice number, increasing spray volume from 160 to 240 L ha-1 reduced the ED50. However, only in the types of nozzles of Air Induction in any orifice number, increasing spray volume from 240 to 320 L ha-1 reduced the ED50. 

It can be recommended that the most suitable nozzle for the application of cycloxydim against wild barely at a wind speed of less than 0.4 m s-1 with the aim of optimizing simultaneously both the dose of herbicide and the consumption of water is "Triplet Standard Flat Fan Nozzle 11003 " (spray volume= 240 L ha1).

one of the known complications of phototherapy in the treatment of jaundice in newborns is the reduction of serum calcium and the cause of this phenomenon is still not well defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of phototherapy on increasing calcium urinary excretion and to answer the question whether phototherapy can be associated with increased urinary excretion of calcium as a risk factor for nephrolithiasis?

In this cross-sectional study 77 infants less than 2 weeks of age with normal weight who were hospitalized for non-physiologic jaundice were enrolled in a sampling study. These infants lack systemic underlying disease and were not treated with Antibiotics - No serum therapy and blood transfusion. Urine specimens were taken at the time of admission and 48 hours after phototherapy of newborns and ca, cr in urine was measured. Then, the ratio Ca/Cr was calculated. Finally, the obtained data was entered into SPSS 19 software and analyzed.

Average random urine Ca/Cr ratio before phototherapy was 0.38± 0.03 and the average random urine of ca/cr after phototherapy was 0.674 ± 0.26. The difference between the mean of Ca/Cr ratio of neonates with jaundice before and after phototherapy was significant (P <0.001) in 49.4% of neonates hypercalciuria was seen (Ca/Cr > 0.8).

According to the findings of this study, which indicates an increase in urinary excretion of calcium, phototherapy in newborns can be considered as a risk factor for the incidence of hypercalciurea and nephrolithiasis.

The creation of a common monetary union could bring significant economic gains by reducing transaction costs, eliminating exchange rate risks, and consequently increasing trade and capital. In this study, in order to investigate the possibility of forming a common monetary union between Member and Observer states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the effect of external and internal shocks on the supply and demand side on the macroeconomic variables of these countries, using the GVAR Global Vector Regression Model and seasonal data for years 1996 to 2015 is investigated. The results of the study of the effects of external shocks indicate that, apart from Kyrgyzstan, the behavior of other countries is relatively symmetrical to external shocks. The results represent an equally symmetric reaction of the countries to domestic monetary policies, so that only in the foreign sector of the economy we have seen asymmetries about the effect of monetary shocks. The results of the study of the effects of shocks on the supply sector show the more asymmetric reactions of the variables of the model in comparison with external shocks; so that the greatest asymmetry can be seen in the impact of supply shocks on the interest rate of countries; the results outlines the different policy structures of the central banks of the countries under consideration. On the other hand, in relation to the economy of Iran and Kyrgyzstan, we see a different reaction of the foreign sector variables in comparison with other countries, so that the above results indicate differences in foreign exchange regimes or other foreign sector structures of these countries compared to other countries. The final results indicate that there is a greater symmetry of the impact of the shocks under consideration in the countries of China, India and Russia relative to Iran and Kyrgyzstan, so that it is possible to form a monetary union between these countries.

Retina regeneration through reprogramming process is an interesting topic for the retinal disorders and regeneration study. This phenomenon naturally happens in a few of amphibians even if the neural retina is completely removed by surgery. Studies show the critical role of FGF2 factor and RVM microenvironment in retinal regeneration. Thus, this study pays particular attention to regeneration potential of human RPE cell under the influence of the fibrin glue 3D structure as FGF2 reservoir and RVM like space.

hRPE cells were isolated from donor eyes of two adult humans. The cells were encapsulated with three concentrations of fibrin glue (FG1:42mg/dl, FG2:84mg/dl, FG3:126mg/dl) and FBS treated with 20% concentration was considered as control. Gene expressions of PAX6, MMP2, RPE65, ACTA2, CRX, Thy-1, NogoA, and Integrin-B1 were analyzed, using real-time PCR.

Gene expression of Integrin B1 and Thy-1 were significantly higher in FG1-treated cells compared to controls. Also, PAX6 gene expression in FG1 concentration compared to control and FG3 showed a significant increase, while expression of MMP2 gene expression at FG1 concentration showed a higher expression level than other concentrations, but only significant compared to FG3. RPE65 expression in FG1, FG2 concentrations shows a significant increase compared to control; ACTA2 gene expression was lower than 3 concentrations compared to control, but it was not significant. Also, expression of NogoA gene showed a significant decrease in FG1 concentration compared to control and FG3. In addition, the expression of the CRX gene was negative in all treatments and control. The immunocytochemistry results indicate that PAX6 protein is not expressed in incubated specimens and controls in adult RPE cells, but these cells express specific proteins such as RPE65, cytokeratin8.18 in both control and incubated specimens are positive.

Adult RPE cells at the concentration of FG1 (42 mg/dl) maintain certain adult characteristics, but exhibited signs of multipotency, which could indicate the potential of these cells for retinal tissue regeneration. This effect appears to be due to the presence of adhesion molecules such as Fibronectin and Laminin in fibrin glue that simulates the RVM like space, as well as the creation of an FGF2 reservoir and its localization, which leads to an increase of the PAX6 gene expression.

The aim was to examine morphologic alterations of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (ahRPE) cells when encapsulated with different concentrations of fibrin glue and platelet gel.
The cultivated ahRPE cells were encapsulated with 84mg/dl concentrations of Fibrin glue and then evaluated for morphological changes.
The cultured ahRPE cells demonstrated dendritiform morphology in early days of encapsulation with FG scaffold. However, after digestion of Fibrin glue, epithelial morphology was again dominant. Electron microscopic result revealed the interconnection between the cell and three-dimensional scaffold.
Based on this study, the interconnection between the RPE cells and Fibrin scaffold led to morphological changes in the RPE cells, which was observed in the first days. However, after Fibrin digestion, the epithelioid morphology was again dominant.

Dormant corneal ulcers do not respond to common treatments. Today, several therapies are used to treat epithelial corneal ulcers, including artificial tear, ocular droplets derived from platelet-rich plasma, amniotic membrane transplantation, and limbal stem cell transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of platelet growth factors on the recovery of amniotic membrane epithelial cells and limbal stem cells grown on amniotic membrane.
In this experimental study, 5 amniotic membranes were prepared and after freezing and treatment with platelet lysate, the viability of the cells was evaluated. The limbal stem cells obtained from the human cornea were immune characterized for P63 and vimentin markers. The limbal stem cells seeded on the surface of amniotic membrane and after treatment with platelet lysates, the viability of the cells was evaluated.
The viability rate was significantly increased at 24 hours, 72 hours, and 1 week intervals in the amniotic membrane treated with platelet lysate after the freezing process. The results of viability in Limbal stem cells indicated a significant increase at 24 hours and 72 hours after culture on the amniotic membrane fortified by platelet lysate. However, this increase was not significant during one week.
The results of this study showed that platelet lysates could increase the viability amniotic membrane cells and limbal stem cells; thus, using the cultured limbal cell on amniotic membrane fortified by platelet lysates will be helpful to limbal cell defects cases.

One of the main criteria for evaluation of universities is the number of indexed articles of faculty members and researchers in international scientific databases.The aim of this research was to investigate the scientific productions by researchers at Hamadan university of Medical sciences in order to assess the scientific collaboration among researchers at this university via using indicators such as Lotka’s law and Bradford Scattering law from beginning to 2016
This study is a descriptive survey using scientometrics indications. All documents produced by university researchers, indexed in Web of Sciences database gathered from beginning to 2016 by Web of Science .Exe. Finally, for data analysis we used Microsoft Excel for Windows.
Distribution of the articles produced by researchers at Hamadan University of medical sciences followed Lotka's law which means few researchers produced large portion of the scientific products. Distribution of journals which publish Hamadan University researches followed Bradford law.
According to our results, Lotka's law And Bradford applies to researches of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Researchers of the University had well cooperation with foreign and domestic researches.

Job satisfaction is an emotional reaction to the job and physical and social conditions. In other words, job satisfaction is a positive and pleasant feeling achieved from the results of individual’ job results and experience. One of the factors affect employee's job satisfaction is mental health. This study aimed to assess the relationship of mental health and job satisfaction among roadside rescue workers and non-rescue staff of Red Crescent society in Semnan Province, Iran.
In this descriptive survey, the data were collected using Job Descriptive Index (JDI) General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Statistical analysis was done using t-test via SPSS16 software.
Findings: There was a significant relationship between the mental health and jobsatisfaction. There were not any significant differences between the rescue and nonrescue workers in terms of the mental health (t=-1.338; P= 0.183) and job satisfaction (t=-0.507; P=0.613). Only a significant difference was seen in workplace satisfaction which was more among non-rescue workers.
In our society, the men are an important part of workforce and the support of their families; in addition, they spent more than half of the hours at work; so, considering their health and job satisfaction and making strategies to promote their mental and job conditions is important. Lower workplace satisfaction among roadside rescue workers, as staff with a hazardous and sensitive job, shows the importance of paying more attention to their work problems.

Regular evaluation of websites in terms of structure, content and identifying the strengths and weaknesses of them provide an appropriate strategy for policy and decision making. Some of the most frequently used webometric indicators of evaluating are “visibility”, “web impact factor”, “rich files” and “size”. The aim of this research was evaluation of hospitals’ Websites of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences based on webometrics indicators in 2014.
The study was done by webometrics method. The population under study was all of hospitals’ websites of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Data was collected by Google search engine.
The results indicate that website of Ekbatan hospital in terms of “visibility” and “absolute WIF” and website of Shahid¬Beheshty hospital in terms of “size”, “traffic rank” and “rich file” ranked first. In overall ranking website of Shahid¬Beheshty hospital ranked first and website of Valyeasr hospital in Toyysrkan ranked at the end.
Results show that Hamadan University of Medical Sciences have little presence on the Web. Given the importance of websites in information, and dominance of cyberspace on the organizations services, it requires that the websites officials do further actions to enhance the quality and quantity of their websites.

Websites are selected information sources in digital era. Academic websites are one of the most important communication tools to present and communicate with national and international academic institutions. Regular monitoring and evaluationof the websites، regarding their content and structural aspects in order to determine strengths and limitations، leads us to a appropriate strategy for making decisions and establishing policies. The aim of this study was evaluation and comparison of the websites of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences schoolsin 2014، based on webometrics criteria. This descriptive-cross sectional study، using link analysis webometric method، was performed on all of the websites of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences schools in 2014. Data were collected by Google search engine based on different webometric indices. Descriptive statistic methods and Excel software were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that in terms of visibility، school of public health with the score of 412; in terms of size the school of Asadabad with the score of 27300; in terms of Traffic Rank school of medicine with the score of 108574; in terms of rich files، the school of dentistry with the score of 354; in terms of rWIF، the school of public health with the score of 0. 79 and in terms of total ranking، the school of Asadabad with the score of 54823 obtained the highest rating. In consideration of the importance of websites in awareness and dominance of cyberspace on the educational and research organizations، it requires the websites officials to establish further programs and measures، enhancing the quality and quantity of their unit sites.

the present study aimed to compare lifestyle, self-esteem and mental health of elderly who were living alone, living with family, or residing in nursing homes. The sample consisted of 384 elderly (128 living alone, 128 living with family, and 128 residing in nursing home).The sample was selected randomly by convenience sampling. The participants completed the Safe Lifestyle of the Elderly (Eshaghi, Farajzadegan, & Babak, 2007), the Self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1965) and the General Health (Goldberg & williams, 1988) scales. The results of multivariate analysis indicated that 1) the non-residing elderly (alone or nonalone) had better lifestyle and mental health than the nursery home residing elderly, 2) the non-alone elderly had better lifestyle and mental health than alone elderly, 3)the elderly who were not living in nursing homes (alone or non-alone) had higher self-esteem than those who were living in nursery homes, and 4) the elderly who were living alone had higher self-esteem than those who were not living alone. According to the theory of activity, by keeping previous social roles and activities, the elderly can have good lifestyle and keep feeling worthwhile.

Psychological well-being has always attracted psychologists'' attention، especially in occupational and scientific environments. Nursing is an important and stressful job that has serious physical and psychological consequences. Due to the sensitivity of the matter، Present research tries to make a prediction about nurses'' psychological well-being based on personality traits (NEO) and resiliency. The present research was in descriptive and correlation style. The statistical universe consisted of all nurses of private sector of Hamedan from them، 160 people were selected as sample population through cluster sampling. To collect the data، big five personality factors of Costa and McCrae (NEO)، Connor and Davidson''s resiliency inventory (CD-RISC)، Ryff''s Scales of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB) were used and then the data was analyzed using SPSS 18 according to Pearson''s correlation coefficient، multivariate regression. Analysis of research data showed that personality traits are able to predict psychological components of well-being to a significant degree (R2 = 37) and high resiliency also predicts higher psychological well-being (β = 41). Considering that personality traits and high resiliency are able to predict psychological well-being، we should try to develop high resiliency as well as positive personality traits in individuals، or identify susceptible individuals to improve their psychological well-being by means of educational approaches.