سید اسماعیل صفوی

Perturbation of testicular descension into the scrotum result in cryptorchidism. After surgical correction of cryptorchidism (orchidopexy), recovery of damaged testicular tissue, were observed gradually. The aim of present study, was to histological evaluation on the effect of Coenzyme Q10 against testis after orchidopexy in rat. In this study, 40 male immature rats randomly were divided in to 4 groups of 10 animal each. The first group received no surgical intervention. Cryptorchidism Surgery was performed in the second group and rats were kept until the end of the experiment. In the third and fourth groups were established bilateral experimental cryptorchidism and 35 days after surgery was orchidopexy. In the third group after orchidopexy, olive oil were administered for 30 days. In the fourth group after orchidopexy, Coenzyme Q10 with vehicle olive oil were administered daily for 30 days. At the end of the experimental periods, testicular tissue samples were obtained for morphologic and histomorphometerical studies. The results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey test and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results indicated that using of Coenzyme Q10, accelerated repairing process of testicular injuries after orchidopexy. So that diameter of seminiferous tubules and thickness of epithelium of tubules were increased and spermatogenic indices including Tubular differentiation index, Repopulation Index and spermiogenesis Index significantly increased (p < 0.05). The use of Coenzyme Q10 causes testicular tissue repair, improvement of spermatogenesis histomorphometrical and coefficients after Cryptorchidism correction (Orchidopexy).

Perturbation of testicular descension into the scrotum result in cryptorchidism. After surgical correction of cryptorchidism (Orchidopexy), recovery of damaged testicular tissue, were observed gradually. The aim of present study, was to histological evaluation on the effect of Ginseng against testis after Orchidopexy in rat. In this study, 40 male Wistar rats (90-120 gr and 28 days old) randomly were divided in to 4 groups of 10 animals each. In first groups, after Orchidopexy, saline normal used orally for 30 days. In second groups, after Orchidopexy, Ginseng (500mg/kg/day) used orally for 30 days. In third groups, as a sham, after incision, testes were replaced from scrotum to abdominal cavity then returned to scrotum and used saline normal orally for 30 days. In fourth groups, as a healthy control, no operated. At the end of the experimental periods, testicular tissue samples were obtained for morphologic and histomorphometerical studies. The results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey test and P

Meat products producers represent their specific formulation; therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the presence of frauds in such products. This research was conducted to evaluate the quality of meat products at restaurants of Tabriz. For this, a total of 33 samples of ground meat mixes used for Kebab making were obtained. The samples were subjected to chemical and histological assays. Chemical analyzing was performed by means of collagen and hydroxyproline amino acid indices using colorimetric method. Moreover, histological evaluation was conducted by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results showed that mean values of hydroxyproline and collagen were 0.0384±0.0268 and mean was 0.2993±0.0209, respectively. Besides, the presence of unauthorized bone, cartilage and lung tissues were found in 12.1 %, 18.2 % and 9.1 %, respectively. Comparison of the histological and chemical outcomes revealed that a direct difference between amount of meat and hydroxyproline ranges. Moreover, the amount of hydroxyproline was different among various tissues (i.e., hydroxyproline content was in high level in fraud samples). It was concluded that handmade meat products prepared in Tabriz were not free of inadvertent/intentional fraud; therefore organized control is essential.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of oxytetracycline on the amount of calcium and phosphorus of blood and bone tissue density in broiler chickens. For this purpose, 72 day-old Ross chicks of, 308 strain in a completely randomized design in two groups: the control group (without dietary antibiotic) and the treatment group (with a diet containing oxytetracycline 50%, 3 gr per kg of diet) with 6 replicates in the same environmental conditions and management were studied for 42 days. In this experiment, the diameter of femoral shaft and ratio of various tissues of the femur and skull were studied. Blood parameters included calcium and phosphorus. In the group treated with oxytetracycline, femur shaft diameter was significantly decreased with the addition of drug to diet (p<0.01). Also the trabeculaes in the femur shaft and skull significantly decreased (p<0.01). In the group treated with oxytetracycline, the bone marrow of femur and skull significantly increased (p<0.01). The effect of oxytetracycline on cartilage of skull was no significant. The addition of oxytetracycline, to diet had no significant effect on calcium and phosphorus of blood. The results showed that oxytetracycline reduced absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestine and reduced bone density.

Testicular heat shock even for a single short period can induce destruction in testicular tissue and disturbances spermatogenesis. Pioglitazone is an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative drug which is used widely in diabetic patients. The main aim of this study is evaluation of effect of pioglitazone on testicular tissue after scrotal heat shock. For this purpose, 54 male Wistar rats were randomly divided in to 9 of 6 rats. In the first three groups which were used as control, the scrotum of animals were submerged in 230c water. In the other three groups (treatment 1), the scrotum was submerged in 430c water for 15 minutes and then the animals received normal saline for 15, 30 and 60 days. In the final three groups (treatment 2) after scrotal heat shock induction, pioglitazone was injected at a dose of 20 mg/kg for 15, 30 and 60 days. At the end of the experimental periods, testicular tissue samples were obtained for pathological and histomorphometerical studies. The results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey test and p

Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent that used for the treatment of a variety of tumors and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was investigated the effect of growth hormone on histomorphometerical parameters of testis after methotrexate administration in rat. In this experimental study, the eighty male wistarrat were selected and randomly divided into eight groups; control (n=20) and test (n=60). One and two test groups were received 0.3mg/kg GH (IP) for 14 and 28 consequence days, respectively. Three and four test groups were received 1mg/kg MTX (IP) per week for 14 and 28 consequence days, respectively. Five and six test groups were received 1mg/kg MTX (IP) with 0.3mg/kg GH (IP) (MTX+GH) for 14 and 28consequence days, respectively

Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of a variety of tumors and inflammatory diseases. Methotrexate cause defective oogenesis and spermatogenesis, and impair fertility and different pathological changes on testis of laboratory animals. On the other hand, it had been shown that growth hormone (GH) had well-being and conciliation effects on different tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of growth hormone on spermatogenesis indexes of testis after methotrexate administration in rat. In this experimental study, the eighty male wistar rat were selected and randomly divided into eight groups; control (n=20) and treatment (n=60). First and second treatment groups were received 0.3mg/kg GH (IP) for 14 and 28 consequence days, respectively. Third and fourth treatment groups were received 1mg/kg MTX (IP) per week for 14 and 28 consequence days, respectively. Fifth and sixth treatment groups were received 1mg/kg MTX (IP) with 0.3mg/kg GH (IP) (MTX+GH) for 14 and 28 consequence days, respectively. However the first and second control groups just received normal saline (IP) for 14 and 28 consequence days, respectively. In 14th and 28th days, ten rats from each group were sacrificed and testis were sampled and section was provided, and was stained by H&E technique. Then, histologically and spermatogenesis indexes including: tubular differentiation index (TDI), spermiogenesis index (SI), and repopulation index (RI), were studied. Data were analyzed by ANOVA method. Results of the study showed that methotrexate had destructive effects on testis tissue and spermatogenesis in treatment groups compared with control groups. Also, results showed that in these groups TDI, RI and SI had non-significant decreased in 14th days, but in 28th days, TDI, RI and SI significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared with control groups. GH administration alone had non-significant effect on spermatogenesis indexes. In GH+MTX groups, GH caused significantly (p<0.05) amelioration effects on testis tissue and spermatogenesis indexes compared with MTX groups. Results of the study showed that methotrexate caused reduction of spermatogenesis and its indexes in rat testis tissue. This reduction of TDI, SI and RI amount may via the reducing of cell division and toxic effect of methotrexate. Also GH had amelioration effects on testis tissue and spermatogenesis indexes when it used simultaneously with methotrexate. Although the effect of methotrexate on spermatogenesis and fertilization in human needs to more investigation.

Ketoconazol is an important antifungal drug. This drug, in addition to being antifungal effect, has an inhibitory effect on steroid hormones such as sexual hormones & glucocorticoids. According to recent studies the usage of ketoconazol causes to reduce the amount of blood testosterone concentration and different changes on testis tissue in laboratory animals. The study aims at investigating ketoconazol chronic administration on histomorphometric change of testicular tissue in mice. In this study, 50 male mice were used (5 groups and 10 mice in each group). Animals were received ketoconazol (50 mg/kg body weight) daily orally administration, during 15 days, 1, 2, 3 months. The control group was taken normal saline and four groups were treated with ketokonazol. The testis tissue samples were collected and tissue processing were done and stained with H&E. Then, the histomorphometric changes of testicular tissue which include, seminiferous tubules diameter, seminiferous epitelial thickness, interstitial tissue and testicular capsule thickness were studied. Results showed that seminiferous tubules diameter, seminiferous epitelial thichness and interstitial tissue thickness had not significantly changed in the 15 day, but the first, second & third months after drug administration, they had significantly changed (p<0.05) compared with control group. Our results showed that seminiferous tubules diameter, seminiferous epitelial thickness and interstitial tissue thickness in mice testis were changed after ketokonazol administration. This results probably obtained by reducing of serum testosterone concentration.

Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent that used for the treatment of a variety of tumors and inflammatory diseases. Methotrexate cause defective cogenesis, spermatogenesis, fertility impairment and different pathological changes on testis laboratory animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of methotrexate administration on morphometerical changes in the testis of adult rat. In this experimental study 40 male wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into four groups. Experiment groups were received 1mg/kg MTX (IP) per week for two and four consequence week, respectively. However, control groups just received normal saline (IP) for 14 and 28 consequence days, respectively. The testis were sampled after passing of above times and stained by H & E technique. Then diameter of seminiferous tubules, thickness of interstitial tissue, and thickness of testicular capsule, were studied. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance. Our study showed that methotrexate had destructive effects on testis tissue and spermatogenesis in test group compared to control group. Results showed that within 28 days after methotrexate administration diameter of seminiferous tubules and thickness of epithelium of seminiferous tubules significantly decreased (P

Methotrexate (MTX) as a chemotherapeutic agent is used for the treatment of a variety of tumors and inflammatory diseases. Different studies have shown that methotrexate has inhibitory effects on oogenesis and spermatogenesis, and causes impair fertility and different pathological changes in testis of laboratory animals. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of methotrexate administration on spermatogenesis indexes in the testis of adult male rats. In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental (n=20) and control (n=20). The first and the second experimental groups were received MTX (1 mg/kg, IP) per week for two and four consequence week, respectively. The first and second control groups just received normal saline (10 ml/kg, IP) per week for two and four consequence weeks, respectively. Tissue sampling of the testis was done after the mentioned time for each group, tissue slices were stained by H&E technique. Histological and spermatogenesis indexes which include: tubular differentiation index (TDI), spermiogenesis index (SI), and repopulation index (RI), were studied. Data were analyzed by ANOVA at the significant level of P<0.05. This study showed that methotrexate had destructive effects on testis tissue and spermatogenesis in treated group compared with the control. Also, results showed that TDI, RI and SI had non significant decreased in 14th day, but in 28th day after treatment with MTX, all indexes were significantly decreased compared with control group (P<0.001). This study showed that methotrexate administration (for 28 days, once a week) causes reduction of spermatogenesis and its indexes in rat testis tissue, probably due to reducing of cell divide and toxic effect of MTX. However, more studies are needed, to investigate the effect of this drug on spermatogenesis and infertility in human.

In most mammalian species, the temperature of the testis is a few degrees lower than abdominal temperature, and this cooler temperature has been shown to be essential to maintain an optimal environment for spermatogenesis and sperm fertility. The aim of this study was to assess apoptosis in epididymal tissue after unilateral experimental cryptorchidism in adult male rat. In this experimental study, adult male wistar rats (200-250 gr) were divided into 15 groups of 8 animals each. Seven groups became unilaterally experimental cryptorchidism by fixation of right testis to abdomen wall. The epididymis (head, body and tail) of seven experimental groups was dissected 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 30 and 60 days after operation, respectively. In 8th to 14th groups, as a sham after incision, testis were replaced from scrotum to abdominal cavity and then returned to scrotum. 15th group, as a control group, didn’t receive any operation. After sampling and fixation in saline formalin 10%, tissue processing and preparing histological section and staining with tunnel method, apoptosis were studied. Tunnel staining showed apoptosis in epithelial cells of epididyms in groups with experimental cryptorchidism. Peak of apoptotic cells was observed in 3 and 6 days after operation. There were no significant changes between sham and control groups. Our results showed that experimental cryptorchidism induces apoptosis probably via heat and oxidative stress in the epididymal epithelial cells.

Ketoconazole, a broad spectrum antifungal agent has been employed widely in the treatment of fungal diseases. In addition to being antifungal, studies have indicated that this drug has an inhibitory effect on steroid hormone production including glucocorticoids and sex hormones and also its administration causes reduction in the amount of blood testosterone level and histologic changes in testicular tissue of laboratory animals. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of long term ketoconazole administration on spermatogenesis indices in testicular tissue of mice. In this experimental study 50 male mice were used which were allocated to 5 groups each containing 10 animals. The mice received a 50 mg/kg dose of ketoconazole daily for a period of 15 days, 1, 2 and 3 months orally. One group was used as the control and the other 4 groups received Ketoconazole, testicular tissue samples were collected at the end of the aforementioned time period, and after preparation of tissue sections and staining with hematoxylin and coin the spermiogenesis indices including tubular differentiation index (TDI), spermatogenesis index (SI) and repopulation index (RI) were studied. The results indicated that SI and RI decreased significantly (p

Cryptorchidism is caused following any failure in the descending scrotum at the birth and is one cause of the infertility in the human and some animal species. In most mammalian species, the temperature of testis is a few degrees lower than the abdominal cavity which is necessary for the maintenance of normal spermatogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the process of apoptosis in testicular tissue of adult rat following unilateral experimental cryptorchidism. Adult male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were divided into 15 groups, each containing 8 animals. Experimental unilateral cryptorchidism was carried out in 7 groups using the fixation of right testis to the abdominal wall. In seven groups the testes were assessed 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 30 and 60 days postoperative. In another seven groups, as sham, the testis was displaced from scrotum to the abdominal cavity. Then the testis was returned to the scrotum. One group, as the control, bore with no procedure. Following the sampling of the testicular tissue and the later fixation the testes were studied for apoptosis. The tunnel staining identified that the experimental cryptorchidism induces apoptosis in germinal cells of testicular tissue. Peak of the apopetotic cell numbers were observed in third and sixth day postoperative. There was no significant difference between the sham and control groups. Our results showed that the experimental cryptorchidism induced apoptosis in testicular tissue. The peak of cell death is three days postoperative then it gradually the decreases with elapsing time. This effect was probably the result of thermal and oxidative stress in testicular cells.

In this study the effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue, dinoprost, on corpus luteal tissue in pseudopregnant rabbit was investigated. For this purpose, 42 mature female rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups of 7 animals each. In 3 groups, on day 10 of pseudopregnancy, dinoprost (1mg/kg) was injected intramuscularly and 24, 48 and 72 hours following injection respectively, the animals were necropsied. In the other three groups, normal saline solution was injected as control groups. In all groups, after blood sampling the animals were necropsied and their ovaries removed and weighed. Following sampling and fixation in 10% formalin solution, the tissue samples were stained by Hematoxylene & Eosine method and the corpora lutea were studied morphologically and morphometrically. Histomorphometrical study indicated that the diameter of corpus luteum decreased significantly (p

The heads of ten adult camels were used in this study. Following skin removal, the length, width and thickness of the gland was measured by ruler and caliper. Dye injection was used to distinguish the sublingual duct papilla and 1cm sections from the gland were removed and fixed to prepare histologic sections stained with H & E for microscopic studies. The long, ribbon like and lobulated monostomatic part of the gland is situated underneath the tongue alongside the hypoglossus muscle. This part of the gland begins from the mandibular symphysis and is continued caudally to near the root of the tongue. The average length, width and thickness of this part were 15.2±0.02, 2.2±0.03 and 0.5±0.05 cm respectively. The polystomatic part was observed as scattered and lobulated near the submucosa and in front of the monostomatic part with decreasing concentration caudally. The average size of these fragments was approximately 0.5±0.02 cm. The overall appearance of the gland was lobulated with a pink colour. The monostomatic part has a single duct entering the sublingual caruncle. The minute polystomatic ducts open into the depressions alongside the tongue inside the oral cavity. These ducts are numerous. Histologically, the gland is surrounded by a capsule of dense connective tissue. Trabcules from the capsule penetrate the gland and divide it into lobules. Loose connective tissue makes up the framework of the gland and there are tubulo-acinus glands in the spaces of this framework. Approximately 95% of the secretory cells of this gland consist of mucous secreting cells. Myoepithelial cells are seen on the external surface of the secretory cells and also alongside the connecting ducts.