سید عبدالله حجتی

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the lived experiences of associate, technical and professional art students during the covid-19 pandemic and providing a suitable model for education in this period.

This research was conducted qualitatively and based on phenomenology. The statistical population included art students of technical and vocational schools in Tabriz and specialists in the field of educational sciences. Semi-structured interviews and library studies were used to collect data. Data analysis was done according to the method of Claizi (1978).

The results showed that students and teachers were facing many challenges in the field of digital infrastructure, curricula, learning environments, and assessment. Also, the need to pay more attention to the mental health and well-being of students was clearly observed in this course. In addition, the findings showed that creating interactive and flexible learning environments and adapting curricula to new conditions can help improve the quality of education.

The current research showed that to improve the quality of technical and professional education during the Covid-19 pandemic, more attention should be paid to the development of digital infrastructure, curriculum flexibility, and psychological and social support. Also, creating a learning culture that emphasizes students' self-improvement and well-being can help improve the learning experience in critical situations.

The purpose of the current research is to design and validate a competency-based curriculum model for student physical education teachers. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of method. The statistical population consists of 5 groups. First, academic experts in the field of curriculum planning. Second, employers, third, students of physical education teacher course who graduated from universities, fourth, internal documents related to the field of physical education teacher and fifth, scientific resources and published internal and external researches related to the competency-based curriculum. In order to identify the competencies of student physical education teachers and also to design a competency-based curriculum model, semi-structured individual interviews were used until reaching theoretical saturation. Content analysis was used to analyze the data.The results showed that the competencies expected from student teachers of physical education are placed in three sub-themes and seven levels. The findings of this research in the content of cognitive skills (with three categories of specialized knowledge of physical education, general cognitive skills and general knowledge); Skill competencies (with two categories of specialized skills of the physical education curriculum and general skills) and attitudinal and emotional competencies (with two categories of attitudinal competencies of the physical education curriculum and general attitudinal competencies) were obtained. are content and learning activities, method, evaluation.At the end, validation or review was done by the interviewees and it was approved.

At first, the curriculum guide of Saleh school and its ten elements arrangement was designed based on humanistic, Islamic and Iranian sociological, psychological and philosophical foundations. Now, the purpose of this research is to validate the curriculum of Saleh School in the education of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and multi-continuous in terms of method, and it is one of the mixed exploratory projects that was carried out during two documentary and field sections. The stages of research implementation for the design of the curriculum guide were done based on synthesis research and based on the arrangement of ten elements of the Ecker model. Quantitative approach and researcher-made questionnaire were used to validate the research. In order to check the questionnaire, face validity and content validity were checked with tools. Face validity was confirmed using the opinion of experts and experienced professors. In order to estimate the content validityResearch questionsHow is the feasibility of Saleh school curriculum in the education of the Islamic Republic of Iran?Because in the logic that governs it, there is talk of good life, righteous society and attention to the needs of the present and future.Research purposesStudying the feasibility of Saleh school curriculum in the education of the Islamic Republic of IranExamining the logic that governs it, talking about good life, righteous society and paying attention to the needs of the present and future

The aim of the present study is to identify the influential components in a competency-based curriculum for physical education student teachers. This research is applied in nature and utilizes a qualitative methodology. A document analysis method was primarily used to develop a conceptual matrix aimed at identifying competencies, characteristics, and examples of curriculum elements based on competencies. The statistical population consists of five groups: (1) academic experts in curriculum planning, (2) employers, (3) graduates of physical education teacher training programs from universities, (4) domestic documents related to the field of physical education teacher training, and (5) domestic and international scientific sources and research published on competency-based curriculum. To identify the competencies of physical education student teachers and to design a competency-based curriculum model, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation was achieved. The results indicated that the expected competencies for physical education student teachers are classified into three themes and seven categories. The findings of this research were categorized into the following themes: cognitive competencies (with three categories: specialized knowledge in physical education, general cognitive competencies, and general knowledge), skill-based competencies (with two categories: specialized physical education curriculum skills and general skills), and attitudinal and emotional competencies (with two categories: attitudinal competencies related to the physical education curriculum and general attitudinal competencies). The elements and characteristics of competency-based curriculum components for physical education student teachers include objectives, content, learning activities, methods, and evaluation.

The present research was conducted with the aim of designing a curriculum model based on social skills for students with reading disabilities.

The current research is a qualitative research. In formulating the model, the statistical population of this research included all valid scientific articles in the field of reading disability, which were identified based on the criteria for the inclusion of scientific articles and finally based on the criteria for the exclusion of research articles for the final analysis, according to a regular search in databases. be. A worksheet designed by the researcher was used to collect, report and record primary research information. The analysis of the findings was done using the seven-step synthesis research model of Marsh (1991) and open and axial coding methods. The statistical population of this research included all the valid scientific articles in the field of social skills, which were identified based on the entry criteria, according to the regular search in the databases, and finally, based on the exit criteria, 52 research studies were selected for the final analysis. Qualitative analysis was used to analyze the data obtained from synthesis research. In the qualitative analysis, the categories were determined, the types of connections between the categories, reducing and simplifying the text, discovering the relationship between concepts and categories, coding the connections, drawing the results and drawing conclusions were discussed. To determine the validity of the developed model, the formula of the content validity ratio and the value determined in the Lavshe table based on the number of participants in the test were used.

In the present study, a curriculum model based on social skills was developed for students with reading disorders. This model includes 12 social skills. In teaching each skill, 6 major goals were defined that the students had to achieve.

The results of the research indicated the desirable pattern of the curriculum based on social skills in students with reading disabilities with a validity rate of 0.87.

Although there is general agreement about care and the place of self-care in personal development and excellence, but a model that can express the process of care and how self-care is formed in students, has not been presented and a clear theoretical explanation has not been provided. The present study seeks to design and develop a self-care model for high school students.This research has been done in the framework of a qualitative approach and by applying grounded theory method. Data collection tools were semi-structured interviews and in order to collect information, 25 high school students of jolfa were interviewed using purposive sampling method. Data analysis was performed in three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding.The results of the present study show the extraction of 487 codes or basic concepts from interviews as well as the enumeration of 38 sub-categories and 9 main categories in the form of a paradigm model including: self-care process as a central category and causal conditions (2 cases), contextual factors ( 4 cases), intervening conditions (2 cases), strategies (5 cases) and Subsequent outcomes (1 case). Acquainting students with the concept of care, its limits and its types and its consequences in different fields can play a fundamental role in the institutionalization of self-care activities..

This study aims to design a developing model of employee’s intention to stay at their work in NIGC based on the grounded theory. In term of fundamental purpose, this study can be consider as a practical research. However, in nature it is a survey research and finally in term of paradigm, it is an exploratory sequential mix method research. Exploratory method was used in qualitative approach in order to identifying the main components of employee’s intention to stay at work and the related influenced factors. In part of quantitative method, the developed model was tested with collected data by using SEM. As the results, The accuracy of the developed model was confirmed and it was found that the selected contents, dimensions and indicators was highly accurate and could provide a adequate framework for developing a model of employees intention to stay at work in Iranian national gas company as well.

The existence of a model to respond to material and spirvitual needs in the society based on the rich and saving teachinys of islam is an inevitable necessity.The purpose of this study is to designe of Islamic Iranian management of progress.It has a qualitutive approach, it’s purpose is applied, nature is explorapory, and it’s research strategy is thematic analysis.The method of data collection is the study of upstream documents and in- depth and open snowball interviews of 45 experts until the data was completed. For data analysis, it was used the continuous comparison method in three stages; open, axial and selecting coding. By analyzing the data, the Iraniann Islamic management model of progress in five categories or dimensions, including the Iranian Islamic cultural dimension of progress, the Iranian Islamic economic dimension of progress, the Iranian Islamic scientific dimension of progress, the Iranian Islamic governemental dimension of progress and the Iranian Islamic promotional dimension of progress was made and it was approved by the experts.

Since the development of a comprehensive model of progress in Islamic-Iranian management is very important for the countries of the region, the Islamic world and the whole world. And the savior of Islam is an inevitable necessity. The purpose of this study is to design a global model of Islamic-Iranian management of progress. This research has a qualitative approach and the method of data theory (thematic analysis) has been used as the research method. This research is practical in terms and exploratory in nature. The method of data collection is the study of upstream documents and in-depth and open interviews with 40 elites aware of the subject under discussion. To analyze the data, continuous comparison method was used during the three stages of open, axial and selective coding. By analyzing the data, the comprehensive model of Islamic-Iranian management progress in five dimensions including Islamic-Iranian governmental dimension of progress, Islamic-Iranian cultural dimension of progress, Islamic-Iranian economic dimension of progress, Islamic-Iranian scientific dimension of progress, Islamic behavioral dimension- Iranian progress was made.

The present study is the result of a field study of the situation of cultural development in the western regions of the country with a focus on Kurdish society. The present study seeks to identify and design the desired pattern of cultural development in border areas while identifying the existing disadvantages and challenges of cultural development barriers. The research approach is qualitative and phenomenological. The data collection tool is semi-structured interviews and the statistical population is cultural management specialists and specialists of the Department of Culture and Islamic Guidance with more than 20 years of experience working in cultural affairs. And reached a theoretical saturation with 18 interviewers. The desired model of cultural development barriers with 20 themes were counted and in the next step to validate the desired model from the point of view of experts with a questionnaire was used quantitatively. The results of this questionnaire show is.

The purpose of this study is to explain and validate the quantum curriculum evaluation index in primary education field at Farhangian University. The methodology is of exploratory mixed type. The statistical population was 16 specialists in education, psychology and educational technology and physics selected by purposive and snowball sampling. At validation stage, the statistical population was 81 Farhangian University professors, 77 professors, Ph.D. students of the curriculum of Urmia universities, and curriculum specialists of the Education Department of West Azerbaijan Province. Data were collected by filing method, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient as 0.784. Data analysis was performed using systematic text analysis, content analysis approaches in MAXQDA software, version 10 and Chi-square test in SPSS software. According to the findings, the characteristics of the evaluation element in four themes included "purpose"; "Nature"; "Method/tool"; "status of being evaluated/evaluator" and twelve sub-themes. The findings showed the experts' opinions are adjusted into four main themes and eleven sub-themes. Also, there is no significant difference among experts' views on appropriateness of the "evaluation element" features (p<0.05). It can concluded the evaluation element has characteristics considered as one of the important innovations with a synergistic approach in the field of education

The purpose of this study is to design a curriculum guide for Saleh School in Education of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and methodical in terms of method and is part of mixed exploratory projects. The statistical population of the research includes the sentences and texts of the document of fundamental change and the comprehensive scientific map of the country as well as professors and specialists. The design of the guide was based on synthesis research and Acker model. Curriculum design is based on ideology. With the compilation of the document of fundamental change, the role of the Islamic Revolution in changing the educational system entered a new phase. According to the designed model, the prevailing logic of the righteous school is Islamic ideals and values. The prevailing ideology of the curriculum is such that it has a taste of positively functioning ideologies but has not left the way open for their influence. In the mentioned model, an attempt has been made to pay special attention to the approaches of the curriculum and to consider the basic resources of the curriculum, including attention to the learner, attention to the needs of the society and attention to education in the mentioned model. In fact, the proposed model with emphasis on human, Islamic and Iranian aspects is designed to have the necessary and sufficient motivation to learn according to the needs of students in different dimensions,

the purpose of this study was to evaluating the approaches and strategies of information- based quantum paradigm on curriculum of elementary education field. Quantum teaching model is one of the novel theories in education. This social problem-based Quantum Teaching learning model can be usegul in many aspects of learning -teaching process. Quantum Teaching is a learning model that can divide the elements of learning into two categories such as context and content. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of influence of approaches and strategies of information- based quantum paradigm on curriculum of elementary education field. Data was collected using semi-structured interview of education experts and University professors. In order to analyze data, methods of text quality content analysis and interviews concept analysis were applied. The findings indicated that the materials' main characteristics and educational resources of quantum curriculum include: width and comprehensiveness of materials and educational resources, trait and characteristics of educational materials and resources. Also, the results showed that it could present the material and educational resources characteristics in quantum curriculum in two main concepts and four alternative concepts.

The business environment indicators, as international and infrastructural subject matter in economic growth and development, are influenced by the performance of the public sector administrative systems depended on the quality and quantity and more importantly motivation of the employees of these systems. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explain the optimal paradigm for fundamental or contextual factors in increasing PSM to improve the business environment. In this qualitative research, the grounded theory has been used. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with experts and the statistical population consisted of the East Azerbaijan public sector staff. The statistical sample was selected using Snowball sampling method and its reliability was determined by theoretical sampling approach. The individuals were interviewed up to the 40th interview (saturation limit). The collected data were analyzed using three stages of open coding overlap (in the form of 181 codes), axial coding (8 concepts or subclasses) and selective coding (4 categories or categories). Based on the model explained by this study, legal contexts (multiplicity and transparency of rules and enforceability of laws), economic shocks (status of economic indicators, governing economic policies), civilization (cultural status, social situation) and political equations (political power and political situation) were explained as contextual factors in increasing PSM for improving indicators of business environment.

The purpose of this study is to put forward the optimal model of strategies to enhance public service motivation in an attempt to improve the business environment. In this qualitative study, grounded theory approach has been adopted for the analyzing the data. The data collection instrument was semi-structured interviews with the experts and the staff of the public sectors of East Azerbaijan. the snowball sampling method was utilized and its adequacy was determined by the theoretical sampling approach. Data saturation was reached in the 40th interview (saturation limit). The collected data were analyzed using three stages of open coding (in the form of 178 codes), axial (10 concepts or subcategories) and selective (4 categories or categories). The results suggested that, four strategies, human resource architecture - actions to stabilize and promote job security - factor cycles, performance improvement, monitoring and finally the establishment of compensation and incentive system are appropriate strategies to increase PSM among the employees. The indicators of improving the business environment were explained based on the presented model.

In the hospital environment, the role of human resource management and staff attention is more sensitive for all managers than other organizations. One of the ways to prevent competitors in the healthcare industry requires dynamic human resource management that responds appropriately to these developments. The extent of the effects of dimensions on the human resource architecture of medical hospitals in the country is a necessary matter. A hierarchy of factors along with the relationships of influence and mutual influence are identified and finally important and influential factors on the intelligent organization are extracted. The statistical population of the relevant managers and specialists in the Social Security Organization during October and November 1397 and the main data collection tool was a questionnaire. The results showed that among the 29 criteria, the criterion of applicability, organizational capital, management processes, vision and mission, economic justification and improvement and modernization with the highest line sum among other criteria in order to choose the most influential components of human resource architecture It has the most impact on other elements and has the needs identification with the least impact on other elements.

Despite all the consequences in recent years in the field of staff exploitation and the growth of systemic thinking, if this process is done, it will not satisfy the organization by using its other performance and feedback on the results. This study investigates the pathology of the causes of non-successful and practical testing at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. For an effective and extensive study, a qualitative study with a foundation data approach is used. Sample study with the participation of twenty managers of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences with at least three years of management experience, which has been selected in a purposeful and snowball method, starting and ending with data saturation and observing the confidentiality of information and the possibility of leaving the study at any time Were willing,Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed based on Strauss-Corbin coding method. Based on the findings of this study, disregard for priorities was identified as a central category of pathology in the process of employee performance appraisal and the effect of this neglect in relation to adverse organizational culture (reduced employee motivation and lack of positive interactions within the group), negative appraisal performance. Performance (unfairness of the process, impact of factional political forces on the process and adverse consequences of performance appraisal) and lack of meritocracy (lack of attention to innovation, lack of attention to employee needs and lack of recognition of employee competencies)This study emphasizes the importance of educational interventions in the performance appraisal process of employees and

The aim of this study was to obtain theories in the field of performance appraisal to better understand this phenomenon. The research method is qualitatively based on data theorizing. Theoretical sampling in the fall of 1997 with the participation of 24 management experts and qualified staff in a targeted manner to saturate the data and with the confidentiality of information and the possibility of leaving The study continued at any time, the data collection method was conducted through a semi-structured interview, the data were analyzed based on the Strauss Corbin method, and a total of 17 main categories and 39 concepts were enumerated.Ultimately, the main categories were performance appraisal impairments, improper performance appraisal results, performance appraisal applications, productivity in the organization, the creation of a dynamic culture, the provision of professional development competencies for employees and managers, and the implementation of comprehensive quality management. Effectiveness - Objective and subjective indexing - Pathology of conflicts and providing solutions for improvement - Futuristic planning - Development of communication competencies of technology - Smart organization - Improving productivity - Improving the performance of employees of the organization, which is based on these findings. Is that firstThe performance appraisal process should be institutionalized at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences,The aim of this study was to obtain theories in the field of performance appraisal to better understand this phenomenon. The research method is qualitatively based on data theorizing. Theoretical sampling in the fall of 1997 with the participation of 24 management experts and qualified staff in a targeted manner to saturate the data and with the confidentiality of information and the possibility of leaving The study continued at any time, the data collection method was conducted through a semi-structured interview, the data were analyzed based on the Strauss Corbin method, and a total of 17 main categories and 39 concepts were enumerated.Ultimately, the main categories were performance appraisal impairments, improper performance appraisal results, performance appraisal applications, productivity in the organization, the creation of a dynamic culture, the provision of professional development competencies for employees and managers, and the implementation of comprehensive quality management. Effectiveness - Objective and subjective indexing - Pathology of conflicts and providing solutions for improvement - Futuristic planning - Development of communication competencies of technology - Smart organization - Improving productivity - Improving the performance of employees of the organization, which is based on these findings. Is that firstThe performance appraisal process should be institutionalized at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences,The aim of this study was to obtain theories in the field of performance appraisal to better understand this phenomenon. The research method is qualitatively based on data theorizing. Theoretical sampling in the fall of 1997 with the participation of 24 management experts and qualified staff in a targeted manner to saturate the data and with the confidentiality of information and the possibility of leaving The study continued at any time, the data collection method was conducted through a semi-structured interview, the data were analyzed based on the Strauss Corbin method, and a total of 17 main categories and 39 concepts were enumerated.Ultimately, the main categories were performance appraisal impairments, improper performance appraisal results, performance appraisal applications, productivity in the organization, the creation of a dynamic culture, the provision of professional development competencies for employees and managers, and the implementation of comprehensive quality management. Effectiveness - Objective and subjective indexing - Pathology of conflicts and providing solutions for improvement - Futuristic planning - Development of communication competencies of technology - Smart organization - Improving productivity - Improving the performance of employees of the organization, which is based on these findings. Is that firstThe performance appraisal process should be institutionalized at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences,The aim of this study was to obtain theories in the field of performance appraisal to better understand this phenomenon. The research method is qualitatively based on data theorizing. Theoretical sampling in the fall of 1997 with the participation of 24 management experts and qualified staff in a targeted manner to saturate the data and with the confidentiality of information and the possibility of leaving The study continued at any time, the data collection method was conducted through a semi-structured interview, the data were analyzed based on the Strauss Corbin method, and a total of 17 main categories and 39 concepts were enumerated.Ultimately, the main categories were performance appraisal impairments, improper performance appraisal results, performance appraisal applications, productivity in the organization, the creation of a dynamic culture, the provision of professional development competencies for employees and managers, and the implementation of comprehensive quality management. Effectiveness - Objective and subjective indexing - Pathology of conflicts and providing solutions for improvement - Futuristic planning - Development of communication competencies of technology - Smart organization - Improving productivity - Improving the performance of employees of the organization, which is based on these findings. Is that firstThe performance appraisal process should be institutionalized at Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesThe aim of this study was to obtain theories in the field of performance appraisal to better understand this phenomenon. The research method is qualitatively based on data theorizing. Theoretical sampling in the fall of 1997 with the participation of 24 management experts and qualified staff in a targeted manner to saturate the data and with the confidentiality of information and the possibility of leaving The study continued at any time, the data collection method was conducted through a semi-structured interview, the data were analyzed based on the Strauss Corbin method, and a total of 17 main categories and 39 concepts were enumerated.Ultimately, the main categories were performance appraisal impairments, improper performance appraisal results, performance appraisal applications, productivity in the organization, the creation of a dynamic culture, the provision of professional development competencies for employees and managers, and the implementation of comprehensive quality management. Effectiveness - Objective and subjective indexing - Pathology of conflicts and providing solutions for improvement - Futuristic planning - Development of communication competencies of technology - Smart organization - Improving productivity - Improving the performance of employees of the organization, which is based on these findings. Is that firstThe performance appraisal process should be institutionalized at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences,,The aim of this study was to obtain theories in the field of performance appraisal to better understand this phenomenon. The research

In hospital environments, the role of faculty member’s management and educational learners is to pay more attention to staff than other organizations. One of the ways to promote health in the healthcare industry requires effective management of dynamic human resources. The present qualitative study continued with phenomenological approach in October 2018 among 19 experts and policy-making in the field of management by purposive sampling method, observing the confidentiality of information. Data were collected through open and semi-structured in-depth interviews. All interviews were recorded and then, verbatim, handwritten and analyzed. 15 main components were identified and by analyzing the main components, 29 sub-components were extracted. Information Architecture, Organizational Planning, Management Processes, Employees' Behavioral Model, Communication and Interaction Network, Standards and Values, Principle of Change, Business Strategy, Modeling, Environmental Factors, Educational Process Engineering, Program Measurement and Evaluation, Support, Knowledge Exchanges, Creativity and Entrepreneurship Title of main themes and information technology, data sharing, data security, vision and mission, status quo, favorable situation, threats and opportunities, management processes, behavioral model in organization, commitment and responsibility, organization performance, improvement and renovation, organization capital, Communication network, teamwork, standards and rules, values, change, business strategy, economic justification, modeling, environmental factors, process engineering, integration of activities, measurement and evaluation, support, knowledge exchanges, creativity, application were selected as sub-themes.

The present study was philosophical and analytical research that examines quantum learning as an effective approach to the curriculum in a qualitative way. It explored books, published essays, and related studies, and took some advantages of online materials on the issue from domestic and foreign sources. Because of large body of data on the issue, only the relevant information was included. Data collection from samples were done through taking notes. Research methodologies were analysis, interpretation, and inference. Results of our analysis showed that analyzing quantum learning and its curriculum elements and explaining how it applies in running the curriculum in higher education, help build an appealing atmosphere where learning outcome was maximized and teaching is enriched. However, further and deep analysis of fundamentals of quantum learning and how it relates to Islamic doctrines in running the curriculum at schools in different grades and education will prove helpful and also can be necessary in this regard.

The purpose of this research is to design an optimal model of human resource flexibility in Social Security Organization by fuzzy inference method. The present study was carried out in a composite (qualitative - quantitative) study. Accordingly, in the first part of the research, a Meta - synthesis Sandelowski and Barros (2007) methodology for human resource flexibility has been used. In this way, after identifying the categories, concepts and codes of the human resource brand, the initial conceptual model of the research was formed. In the second part of the research, in order to provide a desirable combination, the components of the model were optimized in such a way that the human resources flexibility could be optimized. The mathematical modeling (fuzzy expert system) was used. The statistical population of the research is in the mathematical modeling stage consisting of academic experts and managers of social security organization of 20 people. The results of the first part of the research show that the initial conceptual model of the research using the Far - Tabib method consists of six main dimensions, eight components and 21 codes (indexes). The results of the research show that if the employees of Social Security Organization, 11. 1 percent to the dimension of functional flexibility, 12. 3 percent to the dimension of communicational flexibility, 34. 6 percent to the dimension of Skillful flexibility, 31. 5 percent to the dimension of Behavioral flexibility, 3. 8 percent to dimension of Cognitive flexibility, 6. 4 percent to the dimension of moralist flexibility then their human resource flexibility is optimized by 60. 9%.

The prime purpose of the present study is to investigate the life experiences of technical and engineering students and professors on evaluation of educational progress for the purpose of proposing an integrated model of evaluating educational progress of engineering students. Since evaluation is an indispensible part of instruction and it is employed for the purpose of the investigating learner's learning. So The present study is a phenomological inquiry into the life experiences of Iranian engineering students on the educational progress of evaluation at universities. For the purpose of the data collection, twelve engineering students, electronic, mechanics, industrial, aerospace, etc. of the Azad University of Bonab, Iran were interviewed by the lead author. The participants volunteered for the study and each interview lasted approximately 35 minutes. The adapted design was flexibility and purposeful sampling. Twelve university professors also were interviewed by the researcher. For the data collection, deep and semi-structured interview was used. After conducting the interview, the findings were coded and transcribed. qualitative data collect ion was employed for the present study. Data were analyzed through inductive analysis and creative synthesis (Glaser's seven steps ). In order to estimate the validity of the finding, split-half method was employed and for the enhancing the reliability , the interviews were conducted in a calm and appropriate environment The findings revealed important patterns and themes behind evaluation. The participants had the life experiences of evaluation as being unfair, not fully based on the classroom syllabus, and call for raising professor's awareness on evaluation. They advocated a synthesis of a theoretical and practical evaluation. The participants also supported formative evaluation during a semester. The present study has a number of pedagogical implications for teacher education, teachers, testing professionals, among others.

Knowledge management is one of the most important factors in the success of organizations in a competitive and informal age. Information technology is an important factor in the success of its management by providing efficient and effective tools for knowledge management.

To assess the impact of technology infrastructure on the implementation of knowledge management components

The research method is descriptive-survey and the sample size is 140 according to the Morgan table. A researcher-made questionnaire and a standard knowledge management questionnaire were used which its content and reliability were estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, correlation, multiple regression and Friedman tests were used to analyze the data.

All components of knowledge management, with the exception of knowledge recognition, have a meaningful relationship with technology infrastructure.

Technology is one of the effective factors in the successful implementation of KM in the organization, and its lack of infrastructure such as the Internet, the hardware and software facilities will slow down this process and the implementation of knowledge management in the organization is fails.