سیده فاطمه فقیهی

This present study aims to evaluate one of the public unisexual universities' performance based on the document of Islamization of universities at Hazrat-e Masoumeh University.

The method of this study was descriptive. The statistical population of the survey included staff, professors, and students of Hazrat-e Masoumeh University. The sampling method was convenient and the number of samples was 140 people. Data analysis was performed based on the structural equations and t-test using SPSS22 and SMART PLS3 software.

The characteristics of an Islamic university were extracted from the document of universities' Islamization in four fields: cultural-nurturing, educational, research-technology and management. This study's specific findings showed that the cultural-nurturing, educational, research-technological, and managerial dimensions of Hazrat-e Masoumeh University are in an acceptable situation.

Based on the extraction scale in this study, all universities can evaluate their situation regarding these Islamic universities' components. At unisex universities, considering the importance of women's role in society's development, by strengthening the cultural-nurturing, educational, research-technological, and managerial dimensions at these universities, the growth and development of women in the scientific fields of the country are expectable.

In the fourth article of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the most important function of a judge which is safeguarding Islamic laws and regulations has been stipulated as the highest norm as well as the most fundamental framework governing legal norms, and the jurisconsults (faqihs) of the Council of Guardians are obliged to safeguard and preserve the norms in legislation. In view of the fact that the religious supervision of all juridical rules is exercised irrespective of the source from which rules and laws are enforced, the analysis of the question what conclusion can be made of religious supervision of laws and regulations in terms of these opinions and views serves as the main question of the present research aiming to study the way in which the Shari‘ah criteria govern legal rules in the legal procedure of the jurisconsults working in the Council of Guardians. On this basis, the legal effects of each of religious opinions including the enactments of the laws before and after the Islamic Revolution have been explored drawing upon a library as well as analytical-critical methods in studying views and opinions. The findings of the research indicate that this sort of supervision has certain consequences which can be formulated in such statements as “religious opinions are applicable to similar cases”, “legal or religious opinions are binding”, “laws and regulations in contradiction with the Law or Shar‘ are refuted”, “legal opinions are certain and conclusive (decisive)”, “ legal opinions can be referred to as the authentic source when the law is silent.”

Regarding the significance of the labor law in the relationship between employer and employee and its determining role in economic development, this study intends to analyze the labor law on the part of employers from perspective of human resources management. Considering the objectives of the study, it is an applied research, and the grounded theory is applied for data analysis. Statistical population includes employers of industrial companies located in Tehran among whom sampling is conducted through theoretical saturation and in-depth interviewing is utilized as the data collection instrument. The results showed that in employers’ point of view, the most important drawback of the abovementioned law is lack of clarity and its various probable interpretations, as well as the limited authority considered for the employers. Also, in employers’ point of view, current law cannot be so effective in judging between the worker and the employer. This will widen the gap between the real conditions governing human resources and the content of the law. Given the high supply of labor, especially the educated force, firms simply have access to the workforce. This has caused employers with little regard to labor law, do not spend a lot to attract and retain human resources.

In order to have a proper understanding and explanation of women's social-political rights, it is needed to know its jurisprudential fundamentals, because Iranian constitutional law is based on Islamic jurisprudential fundamentals. Jurisprudential rules are the reasons cited for the scope of women's political rights. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of jurisprudential fundamentals and rules in determining women's political rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran and with the help of a descriptiveanalytical method. Due to the numerous citable jurisprudential fundamentals and rules, this study tried to examine the effect of each jurisprudential rule on understanding and explaining legal principles and respond to these questions: What is a basic rule with which women can have political rights when there are not any religious reasons in that case? What is the role of each of these general rules in analyzing legal principles? Based on the principle of non-guardianship, many jurisprudential theories rule on reducing the scope of women's political rights in assuming guardianship-related positions; while, according to some principles, such as permission, equality, sharing, and justice, mentioned in the Islamic Republic of Iran's Constitution, policies, and high priority documents, the extension of scope of women's political rights are emphasized.

This article seeks to analyze the principles of constitution review in the constitution stipulating gender leadership. Despite the prevailing view in the tradition Sex for leadership, as the highest political office, but none of the principles of the constitution refers to this. Silence constitution on the grounds that the conditions necessary for leadership means to be unnecessary of gender for this position. Although this issue is still in the fields of culture and society does not provide executive. Theoretically and legally, there is no limit to the enterprises led by women and constitution has enough capacity to fill all of the women's political authorities.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the basis and criterion of ethical values in Islamic political system. The implementation of ethical rules in a political system requires a knowledge of its ethical criterion. There are four approaches for explaining the criterion of ethical rules: deontologism, consequentialism, virtue ethics, and truth-orientedness. All of these ethical approaches try to answer the question of what is the criterion for an ethical action to be valuable. Because of the diversity of ethical theories, even in the Islamic ethics, it is crucial to determine which criterion and approach is the basis of ethical, political actions. Investigation the ethical approaches and the political effects of each one of them, I believe that the diversity of ethical approaches is a consequence of one-dimensional, extremist view on one of the aspects of ethical action. It is while the governing ethical theory of a political society must be a comprehensive approach that consider each ethical approach in a certain level and with respect to its position in the ethical theory. The ethical approach in the political system of Islam has different dimensions and levels that each of them has a certain function and status, and the ethical system doesn’t lead to any consequence alone. So, looking for solution doesn’t have any conflict with deontologism and virtue ethics, and extremism in any level would lead to carelessness about other levels and emergence of inefficient ethical theory.

The process of policy making and legislation are considered as the most important arenas public decision making in the society. Making optimal decisions depends on following logical decision making principles. These principles that are applicable in all decisions are more important in public decision making. On the other hand, since policies and laws of our country are made in two important and influential institutions namely Expediency Council and Islamic Consultative Assembly, investigation of decision making process in these two institutions may reveal problems as well as practical and executive challenges in the way of making appropriate and suitable decisions. It seems that more attention to practical results of a law or policy, existence of a comprehensive legislative management to coordinate different parts of three branches which are influential in decision making process as well as counseling and inclusive participation of elites and experts will be effective in improvement of public decision making.

Benefitting from rules rooted in intellect and revelation, Islamic ethics can be a theoretically appropriate justification to analyze and extend the theory of constitutional law. Based on this theory constitutional law as fundamental laws and rules has been established on ethical values and the justification of fundamental rules does not merely rely on historical developments and political culture. Theoretical pattern for an ethical basis has been proposed for constitutional law based on systemic approach toward social sciences. It can enable nations to have dialogue and converge in this field as well as increase the possibility to put forth constitutional law theories for different cultures. It can also provide a standard to evaluate rules for constitutional law. This ethical basis is an achievement obtained following the victory of Islamic revolution of Iran. Islamic revolution of Iran considered the political structure of the system as an instrument to achieve ethical objectives.

In this essay is made an effort to explain of possibility of ethical justification of constitutional law and its quality. Ethics, in the sense of rational rules that involve attributing feature, is appropriate justification to plan and develop modern constitutional law.
 Therefore constitutional law as basic principle establish on the more general principle and it doesn’t based only on the traditions and political culture. Explaining ethical theory for constitutional law by the systematic approach to the collection of social science can to make more dialogue and solidarity among nations and different societies and is criterion for evaluation of constitutional laws.