سیروس احمدی

This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the model of barriers to participation of the elderly in sports in the form of a model. The research method is mixed, in which a qualitative section of 17 professors and experts in the field of geriatric sports were purposefully consulted, and 8 factors were identified as barriers to the participation of the elderly in sports, including barriers to personal and personality traits. Were cultural and social, environmental, facilities, information, health status, financial and economic, and structural barriers. In the quantitative part, 324 elderly people answered the research questionnaire through face-to-face and online questionnaires by available sampling method. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed using the opinions of sports management professors and experts, and its reliability was calculated to be 0.93 through Cronbach's alpha. Exploratory factor analysis test was also confirmed by a researcher-made questionnaire. Structural equation analysis test of the proposed research model showed that all the factors identified in this study have a significant effect on reducing the participation of the elderly in sports, among which the effect of cultural and social barriers had the highest rate with 34%. Due to the increasing elderly population in the country, and the sensitivity of this segment of society, it is suggested to the country's officials and managers, based on the priorities identified in this study, to remove barriers to the elderly in sports, to continue a more active lifestyle. Have your own life.

The purpose of this study was to identify and design a barrier model for sports participation of veterans and disabled people in Hamadan province. In this cross-sectional study, the researcher, by referring to decision-makers and influencers of ambulance veterans and disabled people in Hamedan province, collected information from them through in-depth interviews and data from 25 interviews by method the database theory was coded and analyzed.then a questionnaire was designed according to the obtained codes. Regarding the widespread community of research and referring to Morgan's table by proportional stratified random sampling, a questionnaire was distributed among 384 veterans and disabled people in the province using the software S. P. S S & P L S was analyzed.According to the findings of the study, the obstacles to participation in the sport of veterans and disabled are three levels (administrative and technical barriers, social and cultural barriers), organizational (barriers to places and facilities and urban barriers) and behavior (individual barriers and family barriers) On the tendency of veterans and disabled people to exercise in Hamedan province, respectively, social barriers, individual barriers, urban barriers, obstacles to places and facilities, administrative and technical barriers and, finally, family barriers have the greatest impact on the lack of participation of veterans and disabled people The province. Therefore, with the increase of sports participation benefits, especially health and recreational benefits, as well as the removal of participation barriers, especially social barriers and facilities, the participation of veterans and the disabled in physical and sports activities increases.

The study aimed to compare social support in substance-dependent individuals with successful and unsuccessful quit attempts.

The research utilized a causal-comparative method. The statistical population included individuals with both successful and unsuccessful quitting experiences who sought assistance from non-governmental organizations involved in combating narcotics in Isfahan city. The research sample comprised 444 individuals, with 222 having unsuccessful quitting experiences and 222 having successful quitting experiences, purposefully selected. The social support scale was the primary tool used in this research. Data analysis involved the use of independent t-tests, multivariate analysis of variance, and logistic regression.

The findings indicated a significant difference in the total social support score and its components (friends, family, and important people) between individuals with successful and unsuccessful quitting experiences. According to the logistic regression analysis, social support nearly doubles the likelihood of successful quitting.

The study's results suggest that social support and its components of family and friends, play a crucial role in successfully overcoming substance use, and by paying more serious attention to them, we can help alleviate one of the basic social harms of the society.

Mass media broadcast social pathologies like suicide for different reasons. The main assumption is that the representation of suicide motivates audiences toward suicidal behavior based on social learning and observational learning theories. The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between macro mass media indicators and suicide.

This is a quantitative and longitudinal research in which was conducted using a time-series method with focusing the period of 1997-2022. The data were collected from Ministry of Culture & Islamic Guidance, Statistical Center of Iran, Legal Medicine Organization. To investigate the short-term and long-term relationship, the auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) was applied in Microfit software.

Based on the results, the number of mobile phone subscriptions (T-Ratio = 0.002, Prob. = 4365-4) and the number of films produced (T-Ratio = 0.001, Prob. = 4-5016) have a negative effect. And it has significance on the rate of death due to suicide, and with the increase in mobile phone subscriptions and the number of movies produced, the rate of suicide has decreased. The results of the research show that the percentage of people using the Internet (T-Ratio = 5538.3, Prob. = 0.006) and the number of cinemas available (T-Ratio = 0.000, Prob. = 6.0507) have a positive effect and it has had a significant effect on the death rate caused by suicide. And finally, the number of newspapers and the number of titles and circulation of books has no significant relationship with the rate of death due to suicide.

This research concludes that mobile subscription, and movies decrease the rate of suicide and the internet penetration and movie theaters increase it. Furthermore, the number of newspapers and books don’t impact

Although, the police are the main responsible for the prevention of drugs and psychotropic substance, due to the complexity and prevalence of this phenomenon, efforts are being made to use the capacities of the society like the youth to prevent this social pathology. This survey has investigated the youth participation in the prevention of the drugs and psychotropic substance and to examine its relationship with responsibility, police performance, awareness from the drugs consequences, problem solving skill, and some demographic variables. Population is the youth aged 18 to 30 in Yasouj, Gachsaran, and Dehdasht, that 332 cases were selected using the multi-stage random sampling method. Research instruments for measuring the participation in the prevention of the drugs, responsibility, police performance, and awareness from the drugs consequences are the researcher-made questionnaires, that their validity and reliability were assessed using the content validity and the Cronbach’s coefficient respectively. Furthermore, to measure the problem solving skill, the questionnaire prepared by D’Zurilla et al (2002) was employed. The descriptive findings showed that, the youth participation in the prevention of the drugs and psychotropic substance is on average and in particular, in the formal dimension (interaction & cooperation with police) is low. In addition, the analytical findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between police performance, awareness from the drugs consequences, problem solving skill, and the residency in Gachsaran, and the youth participation in the prevention of the drugs. The above-mentioned variables explain .206 of the variance of the dependent variable.

The quantitative increase of the elderly and the ever-increasing consequences of aging have led to naming the first day of October every year as the International Day of the Elderly. The growth of the elderly population has many effects, and the health of the elderly in physical, mental, and social dimensions and the individual and social factors related to it are among the most important of these effects. In this regard, the present article has examined the relationship between the elderly's general health and the variables of self-care and social support in Yasouj city. The used method and the instrument to collect data are quantitative- survey and questionnaire respectively. The sample size is 259 individuals and the stratified random sampling proportional to the volume has been selected as the sampling method. Based on the results of the research, the average perceived health of the elderly in the dimensions of physical, mental and social health is higher than the average. The variables of Caring behavior and formal support are the most influential variables in the physical health dimension; the variables of informal support, formal support, caring behavior, women and the level of relationship with relatives are the most effective variables in the mental health dimension. The variables of informal support, caring behavior, formal support and the level of social relationship with relatives are the most influential variables in the dimension of social health of the elderly. Therefore, attention and differentiation of multiple dimensions of health and related variables are essential for doing scientific researches and social policy- makings.

Driving offences in Iran are high and many social and psychological factors can influence it. One of those factors is frustration which has hardly ever been studied. Therefore, this research investigates the relationship between frustration and driving offence among drivers.

This is quantitative research carried out by the correlational technique. The population is drivers in Shiraz and 440 cases were selected using the random multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research instrument to measure driving offence was a researcher-made questionnaire that was validated by content method and its reliability was measured using the Kuder-Richardson coefficient. In addition, a research tool to assess frustration is the Sense of Defeat (SD) questionnaire developed by Gilbert and Ellen (1998).

Based on the descriptive findings, the mean driving offence is high. Furthermore, the analytical findings suggest that there is a significant and positive relationship between frustration and driving offences. In general, frustration, age, sex, and driving period can explain .26 of the variance of the driving offence.

According to the results, the research concludes that frustration has a positive and significant effect on driving offences. Therefore, teaching frustration management to drivers can alleviate driving offences as one of the most important social problems in the country.

Using bicycles in the urban short trips can be an important solution to face many problems caused by the widespread use of cars, but using bicycles in Iran has not been developed. Awareness of the functions of using a bicycle can play an important role. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the relationship between awareness of the functions of the bicycle and its use.

This quantitative research was carried out by a survey method. The population was people aged 18-65 in Yasouj in which 400 cases were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. Research tools to measure the use of bicycles; and awareness of the functions of bicycle, were two researcher-made questionnaires, in which the validity was determined through content and factor validity; and the reliability was assessed using re-test and Cronbach's alpha coefficients.

The descriptive findings showed that only 34.8% of respondents use bicycles. In addition, the logistic regression analysis showed a positive and significant relationship between the awareness of the functions of bicycles and using this device in the urban short trips.

This research concludes that by improving people's awareness of the functions of using bicycles, it is possible to increase the use of bicycles for the urban short trips and so to alleviate one of the country's acute problems.

The birth rate in Iran has flactuateda lotin recent decades. Although this issue has been widely studied due to its importance,it has rarely been paid attention to a macro and long-term perspective. Therefore, this research has tried to investigate the relationship between socio-economic indicators including; GDP per capita, women's participation in the labor force, inflation, unemployment, and literacy rate with the birth rate in the period of 1991-2019. This research is a quantitative  secondary analysis that was conducted using the time-series method. In order to investigate the short-term and long-term relationships of the research variables, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was used in Microfit software. Based on the research findings , with the improvement of the indicators of women's participation in the labor force, and the level of literacy, the birth rate has decreased. There is a positive and significant relationship between inflation and unemployment indicators with birth rate, and there is no significant relationship between GDP per capita and birth rate. Accrding to the research results, it is concluded that the birth rate in Iran is more affected by the macro than micro conditions.

Drug abuse is a pathological pattern which is characterized by lack of control, loss of social function, high-risk use, and continued use. This research has attempted to examine the relationship between social commitment and successful withdrawal of the drug abuse in Isfahan, Iran.

This research is a causal-comparative survey, in which two groups were compared; 1) drug addicts with successful withdrawal, and 2) drug addicts with unsuccessful withdrawal. A total of 444 people including 222 with the successful withdrawal, and 222 with unsuccessful withdrawal were selected using a systematic random sampling method. The research instrument for measuring social commitment was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was determined using factor analysis and its reliability was measured by means of the internal consistency through Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. 

The results showed that the mean social commitment and its three dimensions are significantly higher in the group with successful withdrawal than the unsuccessful group. Based on the logistic regression analysis, social commitment variable with the values (B=0.212, Wald=122.1, Sig=0.000, EXP (B=1.8), Cox & Snell=0.461), increases the probability of membership in group with successful withdrawal by 1.9 times and explains 0.615 changes in the dependent variable. It means that the more social commitment and its components, the more rate of successful withdrawal from substance use disorder. 

The research concludes that social factors (social commitment and its components; individual and collective commitment) are effective in the treatment of substance use disorder and by paying more attention to them, one of the basic problems of the society can be alleviated.

Key Message: 

Although, in Withdrawal of the Drug Abuse, the biomedical approach is mainly emphasized, but social factors, including social commitment, can also play a very important role in successfully Withdrawal of the Drug Abuse.

The death rate in Iran has experienced different fluctuations in recent decades. Although, this issue has been widely studied due to its importance, it has rarely been paid attention from a macro and long-term perspective. Therefore, this research has tried to investigate the relationship between socio-economic indicators including; GDP per capita, women's participation in the labor force, inflation and unemployment and literacy rate with the death rate in the period of 1991-2019. This research is a longitudinal quantitative type that was conducted using the time-series method. In order to investigate the short-term and long-term relationship of the research variables, the autoregressive model was used in microfit software. Based on the findings of the research, with the improvement of the literacy (t-ratio:-4.3, pro:.000), the death rate has decreased. In addition, there is a positive and significant relationship between women’s participation in the labor force (t-ratio:8.7, pro:.000) and unemployment (t-ratio:2.5, pro:.023) with death rate, and finally, there is no significant relationship between GDP per capita (t-ratio:1.7, pro:.102) and inflation (t-ratio:-1.7, pro:.098) with death rate. Based on the findings of the research, it is concluded that the death rate in Iran is affected by some macro socio-economic indicators.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of managers' political behavior on the productivity of employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth with the mediating role of work ethics. This research is an applied research and its purpose and a survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research is made up of the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, whose number in the first six months of 2017 is equal to 915 people. A simple random sampling method was used to select the members of the statistical sample. The sample size was 269 people using Morgan's table. A standard questionnaire was used to measure the variables. The data has been analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that the components of managers' political behavior (political use of information, flattery, portrayal, ethical requirements, socializing with influential people and creating a support base) have a significant and negative effect on work ethics and employee productivity. Also, work ethics in the relationship between the components of the political behavior of managers apart from the components of ethical requirements and socializing with influential people has a mediating role with the productivity of employees. and work ethics played a mediating role in the relationship between the components of managers' political behavior, apart from the components of scientific ability and perceptual-emotional capability, with employee productivity. Therefore, to achieve the productivity of the employees of this ministry, the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth should deal with all the components of political behavior and work ethics with sensitivity and a scientific approach.

Nowadays, companies are placing a strong emphasis on understanding the factors that influence consumer buying behavior. In pursuit of this objective, managers of organizations are giving special attention to attitudes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of attitudes towards advertising and brand by comparing animated advertising with advertising featuring real characters on consumer attraction and purchase intention. The study employed a descriptive-correlational design and had an applied purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of 300 physical education students from universities in Hamedan City. The results indicated that attitudes towards advertising mediated the impact of advertising, whether featuring real characters or animated ones, on consumer attraction, but not on purchase intention. Similarly, attitudes towards the brand did not mediate the effect of advertising, whether featuring real characters or animated ones, on purchase intention and consumer attraction. Given the increasing importance and prevalence of this type of advertising worldwide, companies should endeavor to cultivate a positive attitude towards these advertising methods and brands in the minds of consumers to enhance consumer attraction and purchase intention.

Treating diseases depends on the type of relationship between physician-patient and dissatisfaction with this relation by the patients brings about using traditional medicine. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between dissatisfaction with the physician-patient relationship and the use of traditional medicine.

This research has been done using a survey method. The population is people aged 18-65 living in Ahvaz City, in 2019-2020, that 345 were determined as the sample size using Cochran's formula and were selected by means of a multi-stage random sampling method. The research tools are two researcher-made questionnaires including the “physician-patient relationship” and the “use of traditional medicine”. In the process of collecting data, the respondents were informed of the research objectives and they participated in the research if they were written consent. To examine the relationship between the two variables of physician-patient relationship and inclination to traditional medicine the correlation matrix and linear regression have been employed using the SPSS software version 25.

In general, 174 women and 171 men participated in this research. 139 were single and 206 married. In terms of ethnicity, 111 were Lor, 117 Arab, and the rest were Fars, Turk, and Kurd. The results of the regression analysis showed that the dissatisfaction with the physician-patient relationship significantly increases the use of traditional medicine (Beta=2.27, T=2.27, Sig=0.000).

Based on the results, the more people dissatisfy with the physician-patient relationship, the more they are inclined to use traditional medicine.

The aim of current investigation was Optimization of the evaluation indicators the country's sport coaches.This research is kind of descriptive- anlytic research. And it is done by Traversal- Field method by using questionnaires. Statistical Sample research, including240 person of country's sport coaches that were selecteded by random sampling. Measurement tools for gathering data were Optimization of the evaluation indicators of the country's sport coaches questionnaire that the content validity of the questionnaires confirmed by 15 Sport Managment professors so questionnaire's reliability was approved respectively α= 0/971 By Cronbach's alpha. Data Using Structural Equation Modeling via Software SPSS and LISREL PLS analysis. Results standard coefficient, Values t, and estimated amount variance structural model of evaluation indicators of the country's sport coaches showed that all questions have a significant effect are the model (P< 0/01). Technical indicator with effect size of 0.91 and at the level of (P< 0/01) has had the highest significant effect on the Evaluation indicators. Other Evaluation indicators have High factor load in the considerration of the evaluation indicators the country's sport coaches. Results of Cronbach's alpha values, combined reliability, Extracted variance values, R2 values, Excess indicators, Cross-sectional validity and combined with Cross-sectional validity components the measurement model of the indicators of the coaches showed that these indicators confirm the measurement model. Relevant managers and officials can use the evaluation indicators, educational, technical, and managerial and leadership, psychology and socio-personality to evaluate the coaches. Also, use these indicators to select the coaches of club and national teams.

The ethnic electoral behavior researches in Iran have been mainly carried out in places with different ethnicities. Taking a different perspective, this research was conducted in Yasouj which includes a dominant ethnicity and tried to investigate the tribal preference in election behavior and its relationship with tribal identity and traditionalism. The statistical population of the study includes all the citizens who took part in the 11th parliament elections, among of which 406 people were selected using a multi-stage random sampling method. The research instrument for measuring the variables of traditionalism and tribal identity are two researcher-made questionnaires, which their validity and reliability were determined using the construct validity, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively. In order to assess the tribal preference of the respondents, the adaptation of the answers of the participants to their chosen tribe and candidate was used. So, they were divided into two groups with tribal preference and without tribal preference regarding the parliament election. The descriptive findings of the research showed that, 38.6% of participant voted based on the tribal affiliations. On the other hand, the analytical findings using logistic regression analysis revealed that traditionalism and gender increase the probability of tribal preference in electoral behavior, but academic education decreases the tribal preferences regarding the voting behavior. Moreover, the variables of tribal identity, age, marital status, and employment status do not show any statistically significant relationship with the tribal preference in the electoral behavior.

The study is to design a conceptual model of professional development for managers in Iranian sports organizations. The research method was a qualitative type with a systematic heuristic approach. The statistical population consisted of two sections of human resources (managers, professors, educators, etc.) and information resources (books, articles, documents, media, etc.). The sampling was done in a sufficient number and with a judgmental method based on theoretical saturation (20 pepole and 57 file). The research tools included systematic library study and structured exploratory interviews. The validity of the instrument was evaluated and validated based on exemplary legal and scientific validity, expert opinion, and agreement between the examiners. To analyze the data, multi-stage conceptual coding with system analysis approach was used. The conceptual framework of the research consisted of 74 components, 16 dimensions and 6 levels. The levels of Model respectively influence on-from sequence of their variables including: Requirements of professionalism in sports management (2 dimensions), efficiency of sports managers training system (3 dimensions), professional development strategies (3 dimensions), professional capacity building system development (3 dimensions), professional development of sports managers (3 dimensions) and professional development functions of managers (2 dimensions). Based on the findings, it can be said that the professional development of sports managers is a systematic and strategic process that is influenced by external and internal requirements and leads to goal functions through efficiency and capacity building. Therefore, it is suggested to use the framework presented in this study to improve the process in Iranian sports organizations.

This study has investigated the effective social factors on solid waste management behaviors (reduce, reuse, and recycle) in Abadan city. 395 people who were selected using the multi-stage random sampling method responded to the questions. Based on the descriptive findings, the mean age of the respondents is 32.5, and 53.7% are men and 46.3% are women. The analytical findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between environmental attitudes and reusing and recycling. Mental norms in both dimensions of "descriptive norms" and "emphatic norms", and citizenship culture in both dimensions of "obligations" and "participation" have shown a positive and significant relationship with waste management behavior. In addition, age has a negative and significant relationship with waste reduction. The mean for solid waste management behavior is significantly different among differently educated groups. The mean for reusing among women is significantly higher than among men and the mean for reduction and reusing are significantly different between single and married people. The regression analysis indicates that the independent variables can explain 0.38 of the dependent variable and the perceived behavior control in its external dimension is the most powerful variable for predicting the dependent variable.

The present research aimed to investigate the death due to drug use in terms of socio-economic development indicators.

This research was conducted by the time-series method in the period of 1991-2020. The required data were collected from the Iranian Statistics Center, the Forensic Medicine Organization, the Anti-Narcotics Headquarters, and the World Bank. To measure the short-term and long-term relationships, the autoregressive distributed lag model was used in Microfit software.

The results showed that the gross domestic product and literacy had a significant positive relationship with the death rate due to drug use, but the inflation rate did not. The variables of urban population and unemployment rate also showed a significant negative relationship with the dependent variable. Therefore, the existence of a long-term relationship between socioeconomic development indicators and the death rate due to drug use was confirmed. The results also indicated that the coefficients of the regression estimates were stable because the movement path of the variable of death due to drug use located between two bands.

Socioeconomic macro indicators affect death due to drug use in Iran as an acute social problem in the long run. Specifically, the death due to drug use has increased with the growth of gross domestic product and literacy, and has decreased with the growth of the urban population and the unemployment rate.

The present study was conducted with the aim of designing a model for the internationalization of the brand of Premier League volleyball clubs with a combined approach.

The present study was a survey in terms of applied purpose, research method, mixed exploratory type and survey data collection method.The research method in the qualitative part was qualitative analysis of the theme and in the quantitative part was structural equation modeling. The statistical population in the qualitative section included the faculty members of universities with the specialization of volleyball, sports directors and professors; These individuals were purposefully selected for qualitative interviews on the subject of research (19 interviews with 19 people and continued until theoretical saturation). The statistical population of the quantitative section is the same as the qualitative section group with more numbers. Out of 137 research samples, 116 correct questionnaires were analyzed. In order to analyze the data of the present study, coding in the qualitative part and structural equation method in the quantitative part were used.

In the qualitative part of the research, it was found that the categories were extracted in the form of 36 concept codes and 11 main categories. In the quantitative section, it was found that all 11 categories of research (volleyball position, fans, managers, planning, media, education, volleyball league, competitions, economics, manpower and socio-cultural factors) have a good fit.

Relevant managers are suggested to create the conditions for the internationalization of the brand of volleyball clubs in the country by creating well-written and strategic plans.

Human is a social being. Every person needs certain facilities in his life and requires suitable situations for growth. If a society can meet the needs of its people, the people of that society will grow and strengthen their skills, but if there is a mismatch between their levels of needs and facilities in the society, they will then show different reactions to this situation. One of these reactions to not meeting one's needs is lying. The main purpose of this research was to investigate lying in daily social life and the psychological and social factors affecting it among Yasouj citizens aged 18 to 65 years.

The current research was conducted via a survey method and the statistical population included the citizens aged 18 to 65 years in Yasouj City in 2022. 365 people were selected as the statistical sample. The sampling method was based on a multi-stage random cluster. Face validity was used to measure the research validity and internal consistency was applied to measure its reliability by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In this research, 4 independent variables and an intermediate variable were considered to explain the phenomenon of lying. The path analysis method was employed to measure the direct and indirect effects of the variables.

In this study, the rate of lying was lower than its average value. Meanwhile, the belief dimension of lying was more severe than its behavioral dimension. In other words, people told a lie less in practice, but believed more that lying was necessary in everyday life. The results showed that the rat of lying decreased with the increasing rate of social security. There was an inverse significant relationship between the two variables of self-esteem and lying among the citizens of Yasouj City. By using the path analysis, it was determined that the feeling of social security through self-esteem had a significant relationship with lying. Also, the more exposure to the lying situation there was, the more rate of lying occurred. Moreover, there was an inverse significant relationship between the variables of religiosity, age, and lying rate among the citizens. There were no significant differences in the levels of lying based on the variables of gender and level of education. The average rate of lying was shown to be higher in the single compared to the married people. The results of multivariate regression analysis revealed that the variables of social security, exposure to a lying situation, religiosity, self-esteem, and level of education could simultaneously explain 32.5% of the dependent variable.People learn deviant behaviors in the process of their growth in the society. This causes a disruption in the order of the society by itself and exposes the structure of the society to the danger of disorder. The results obtained from analysis of the findings showed that there was a rate of lying in the studied society although its level was below the average level. There were many factors that could answer the question of why lying occurred. In this research, it was the feeling of social security that influenced whether to tell a lie or not. People need security from the beginning of their life and search for it. According to Giddens, there is a need for existential security in the unconscious structure of the mind. Yet, people who want to achieve it look at their social environment; when they feel that this sense of security is threatened, they look for solutions for it. Lying can be a temporary means to meet the need for existential security. In general, it could be concluded that the variables of social security, exposure to lies, religiosity, and self-esteem played an important role in explaining the variable of lying. Lying becomes widespread when social security is endangered and gradually weakens people’s self-esteem on the one hand and the sources of external control lose their abilities in such a situation on the other hand. Regarding the variable of religion, it could be stated that this variable was an important deterrent factor for showing a deviant behavior. Religion always encourages people to do a correct act and be honest since a truthful and honest person has a high position in the eyes of God. This problem of lying is especially intensified when a person has had an experience of it in his childhood and his subconscious mind also accompanies him in this path. A person who has grown up in a poison or an environment, in which lying has been frequently practiced, will certainly carry out the same behavior in adulthood. Thus, there are a set of factors that may lead to a deviant behavior.

Introduction :

 According to the report of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2020), over 356 million people around the world suffer from drug use disorders. It is estimated that 4.4 million people in Iran use drugs continuously or intermittently. Although most of the theoretical and experimental literature in the field of using drugs has focused on the causes of drug use disorder and its effects, the other side of the coin -- successful quitting of substance use—seems to have received less attention. People affected by substance use disorder are not necessarily social deviants, but they are patients who, like other patients, need treatment to return to the normal life process. Quitting substance use needs taking actions that help a person return to the healthy social life. According to the global statistics, more than 93% of people, who stop using drugs, return to them, as well as psychedelics, after a year. This statistic is estimated between 80 and 97% in Iran. It has been clearly approved that even the strongest and most effective medicines like opioid antagonists that prevent the return of drug use disorder have shortcomings and limitations and are not sufficient to treat addiction alone. Therefore, emphasis on social factors, along with biological and medical factors, can be taken into consideration for successfully encouraging quit attempts  and treating psychotropic and psychoactive disorders. Social capital is one of the variables, which seems to be effective in this process. It is a type of investment in people’s social relationships to generate their expected benefits by engaging them in social networks and interactions. Social capital consists of various aspects of social organization, such as trust, norms, and networks, which can improve efficiency of the society by facilitating coordinated actions. Like other capitals, it is productive and provides the possibility of achieving specific goals that would be unattainable without it. Therefore, the current research sought to investigate the relationship between social capital and successful quitting of drug use.

This research was conducted by using a causal-comparative method, through which the two successful  and unsuccessful groups in quitting drug use were compared. Given the research type, these groups were homogenized in terms of some demographic variables like age, sex, education, and so on. In total, 444 people (222 individuals in group 1 and 222 ones in group 2) were selected by using the multi-stage random sampling method. The research tool for measuring social capital was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 3 dimensions: social trust, social participation, and social awareness. To determine the validity and reliability of the research instrument, construct validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were employed, respectively.

According to the research findings, the averages of social capital and its components were significantly higher in the successful  compared to the unsuccessful groups in quitting drug use. Furthermore, the results of logistic regression analysis revealed that social capital was significantly able to explain membership in the successfully quitting group. Based on the results, social capital approximately doubled the probability of membership in the mentioned group. This research finding was theoretically consistent with its theoretical framework. On the other hand, the findings were empirically in accordance with many pieces of research carried out by previous researchers. In general, this study concluded that social factors besides biological factors were effective in the treatment of drug use disorder as one of the basic problems of the society, which could be alleviated by paying more serious attention to them.

casualties caused by traffic accidents have been one of the important social issues of the country in the last few decades. Although, this phenomenon has been widely researched, but it has rarely been considered longitudinally and in terms of macroeconomic socio-economic indicators. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the casualties caused by traffic accidents in terms of socio-economic indicators, mobile phone subscription, inflation rate, labor force participation rate, literacy rate, urban population growth, GDP per capita and the number of emergency centers in the country.

This research is of quantitative-longitudinal type, which has been done by time series method and it has considered the relationship of variables in the period of 1370-1399. The required data have been collected from Iran Statistics Center, Forensic Medicine Organization and World Bank. To investigate the short-term and long-term relationship, the autoregression model with distribution breaks has been used in Microfit software.

In the long term, with the increase in inflation rate, labor force participation rate, mobile phone subscription rate and per capita GDP increase, the casualties due to accidents have increased, but with the increase in the urban population and the number of emergency centers, the accident casualties have decreased. Is. In addition, literacy rate does not have a significant relationship with accident fatalities.

The results of this research showed that casualties caused by traffic accidents in Iran, as an acute social problem, are affected by macro indicators of economic and social development.

The present study investigated the relationship between self-compassion behaviors on the motivational structures of coaches based on the mediating role of basic needs.

One hundred and nineteen coaches (completely reponed) from West and East Azerbaijan and Ardabil provinces participated in this research. Participants filled out questionnaires (self-compassion, interpersonal behaviors, coaches ‘ motivation, and personal characteristics) through electronic forms in Telegram and WhatsApp.

The results showed that coaches’ self-compassion was related to their need-supportive behaviors (p<0.001) and autonomous motivation toward coaching (p<0.001). In contrast coaches’ self-compassion related negatively to their need-thwarting behaviors approach (p<0.001). Path analysis showed that coaches’ kindness and mindfulness related to their need-supportive behaviors.

In general, findings indicated that coaches’ self-compassion behaviors can increase athletes’ basic psychological needs and create situations to increase their need satisfaction.

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a disease in the treatment of which the biological and medical methods are emphasized, but social factors also play an effective role. This research has tried to investigate the relationship between problem-solving skill and successful quitting of SUD.

This was a causal-comparative research in which two groups, namely, drug addicts with successful quitting (n = 222) and those with unsuccessful quitting (n = 222) selected by multi-stage random sampling were compared. The research tool for measuring the problem solving skill was the Social Problem Solving Scale of D'Zurilla et al. (2002).

The findings showed that the mean problem-solving skill score and its five components were significantly higher in the successful quitting group than in the unsuccessful group. Based on the logistic regression results, the problem-solving skill (B=0.271, Wald=110.490 Sig=0.000, EXP (B) =1.76, Cox & Snell=0.457) will increase the chance of successful quitting 1.76 times and can explain 0.457 of the changes in the dependent variable.

It can be concluded that psychosocial factors are also effective in the treatment of the substance use disorder. This means that paying more serious attention to these factors will help to alleviate one of the basic social and public health problems of the society.