شعبان حیدری

Infertile women often experience chronic stress that can have a negative effect on their general well-being and increase the burden of infertility. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of “Schema Therapy” and “Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy “on rumination response and worry in infertile women.

The research was conducted in a multi-group semi-experimental method with pre-test-post-test and follow-up with a control group. Among the women referred to the infertility centers of Sari city in the second half of 2022, 45 were selected using non-random and convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to 2 intervention groups and a control group. Data collection instruments included demographic questionnaire, "Ruminative Response Scale" and "Penn State Worry Questionnaire". Face validity was done using the qualitative method of the instruments and reliability was done using the internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The “Schema Therapy” group received 12 sessions 90-minute and the “Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy” group received interventions related to their group in 8 sessions 90-minute sand once a week. The findings were analyzed in SPSS. 26.

Both "Schema Therapy" and “Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy” had significant effects on reducing rumination response and worry in infertile women (P<0.001). The effectiveness of “Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy was higher on reducing rumination response. In addition, no significant difference was observed between the "Schema Therapy" and “Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy” groups on worry in the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0.05).

“Schema Therapy” and “Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy“ have significant effectiveness in reducing rumination and worry in infertile women in Iran. However, the effect of “Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy“ on reducing rumination response is greater than “Schema Therapy”. Therefore, experts, researchers and therapists in this field can use these interventions as effective therapy options to improve the psychological functions of infertile women along with their medical therapy.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the causal relationship between mindfulness and body image in adolescents with the mediating role of coping strategies. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on Structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research included all high school boys students in Qaimshahr city in the academic year 2022-2023, and 300 students were selected as a sample by cluster sampling method. The tools of this research included the Multidimensional Body Self-relation Questionnaire (MBSRQ) Cash, 1985, the Way of Ciping questionnaire (WOCQ) Lazarus, 1985 and the Kentucky Inventory of mindfulness skills (KIMS) Bauer, Smith, and Allen, 2004. Structural equation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed the optimal fit of the research model. The results showed that mindfulness has a significant direct effect on body image (p<0.001). The direct relationship between mindfulness with a negative emotion-oriented coping style and with a positive problem-oriented coping style was significant (p<0.001). The direct relationship between an emotional-oriented coping style with a negative body image and the path coefficient between a problematic coping style with a positive body image was significant (p<0.001). The indirect relationship between mindfulness and body image through emotion-oriented coping and problem-oriented coping was positive and significant (p<0.001). It is concluded that coping strategies play a mediating role between mindfulness and body image in adolescents.

The present study was conducted with the aim of measuring the effectiveness of self-actualization training on personal growth and academic persistence of female students of Amol Farhangian University. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control-test in two experimental and control groups. From among the statistical population of the present study, a statistical sample of 30 female students (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) was selected through g power software in the academic year of 1400-1401. Brannigan's self-actualization questionnaire was used to collect data, Rubicchek et al.'s questionnaire was used to measure individual growth and Martin and Marsh's academic persistence questionnaire was used to measure academic persistence. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (repeated measurement variance analysis) were used for data analysis and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of the variables in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages, and it can also be said that the changes in these variables during the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages were not the same in the two control and experimental groups, so we can conclude that self-actualization training has been effective on personal growth and academic persistence.

Success and progress in learning are the goals of all educational systems and the degree of benefit from educational environments requires the students' sense of energy. In their daily academic life, students face various challenges, obstacles, and special pressures during their studies, which threaten their self-confidence, motivation, and, as a result, their academic performance. Some students are successful in dealing with them and others are not successful in this field. Therefore, educational researchers should pay serious attention to understanding and how to adapt to academic challenges. The study aimed to determine the difference in the effectiveness of reality therapy and compassion-focused therapy on self-concept in gifted female students of the second secondary school.

The current research was a semi-experimental design of pre-test-post-test type with a control group and follow-up. The statistical population of this research included all gifted female students of the second secondary school in Behshahr city, who were studying at Farzangan Gifted High School in Behshahr in the academic year 2023-2024. The sample of the current research was based on available and purpose-based sampling and included 45 people, who were randomly divided into three groups: reality therapy (number = 15 people), compassion (number = 15 people), and control (number = 15 people). In this research, a standard instrument and two intervention packages were used, which are explained below A Self-concept questionnaire was created in 1981 by Raj Kumar Saraswat. This questionnaire contains 48 five-choice questions and has 6 separate dimensions, each dimension includes 8 questions. These dimensions include physical, social, temperamental, educational, moral, and intellectual self-concept. The overall self-concept score is obtained from the sum of these dimensions. The respondent should choose one according to the description of his self-concept, from maximum acceptance to minimum acceptance. The answers are in such a way that the scoring system remains the same for all questions, whether it is positive or negative. If the respondent marks the first option, his score is 5, 4 for the second choice, 3 for the 3rd choice, and 2 and 1 for the fourth and fifth choices. The total score of 48 questions shows the total score of a person's self-concept. A high score in this questionnaire indicates a higher self-concept and a low score indicates a lower self-concept. Sarasut (1981) expressed the reliability of the questionnaire using the test-retest method for the overall self-concept as 0.91. He also found the reliability coefficient for physical (0.77), social (0.83), temperament (0.79), educational (0.88), moral (0.67) and intellectual (0.79) dimensions. Proposed (quoted by Foroughmand, 2016). The reliability of this scale was obtained in Foroughmand's study (2015), the reliability of the questionnaire was 0.82. In this research, to analyze the research data, statistical and inferential indicators were used as follows: at the level of descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation, and demographic tables were used for the variables in three groups and two stages of testing and control. At the level of inferential statistics, one-way repeated measure analysis of variance was used to compare the averages of the three research groups to investigate the hypothesis.

The findings showed that two therapeutic methods, reality therapy, and compassion therapy, had a significant effect on self-concept in the post-test. Also, there was a difference between the self-concept scores in the three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up regardless of the group. Box test tests the null hypothesis that the observed covariance matrices of dependent variables are equal among different groups. According to the results of the box test, the box test is not significant. (p=0.103, F=0.483 (8548.615 and 12), BoxsM=33.281) Therefore, the assumption of the equality of variance-covariance matrices is not rejected, therefore, the ANOVA test is possible. As a result, the covariance matrices observed between the three different groups of the present study are not equal. Table No. 7 shows the results of multivariate tests (four tests of Pillay's effect, Wilks's lambda, Hotelling's effect, and the largest zinc root). For the significance and non-significance of each test, you can pay attention to the Sig value, which is significant at the 0.05 level if it is less than 0.05. Among the four multivariate tests, Wilks's lambda test is more famous than the other four tests. However, the Pillay effect test has more power than other tests in practical situations. In this table, all effects are significant. The squared values ​​of Eta related to the dependent variable (self-concept) in the three groups are 0.487, this indicates a more than-average effect. Also, the results of the Vickers lambda test are significant for the mentioned variable, and the significance of the dependent variable (self-concept) indicates that the participants in the three groups are different from each other, and the averages of the groups are significantly affected by the independent variable.

The results of this research showed that the self-concept of gifted students can be improved by using reality therapy and compassion therapy, especially reality therapy. In fact, the first effective factor in self-concept is parents who help the formation and development of a child's view of himself (self-concept); therefore, to change people's self-concept, teaching families can play an important role in the formation of self-concept. After the family, the school is the first center that plays a significant role in the development of the child and can complete what the parents leave unfinished. Acquaintance with the teacher and the relationship between the teacher and the student is established, it is considered an important factor in the development of the student's personality and self-concept. The teacher's belief and "idea" about the student's behavior and abilities and how to use these factors can cause the development of a positive self-concept or, on the contrary, disturb his balance and develop the student's personality in a certain way. Also, people's self-concept is formed by cultural values. The results showed that reality therapy has significantly increased the academic self-concept of the sample group, in the follow-up phase it had a better and stronger effect than self-compassion intervention. In explaining this assumption, it can be said that emphasizing the past and its failures plunges people into pessimism, and emphasizing the present is the best way for an optimistic life. Planning and having a goal in life increases optimism, and those who take responsibility for their actions and have control over their lives are more optimistic.

The increase in the rate of self- injurious behaviors in teenagers has turned it into a major problem in societies. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of interventions with two methods of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on distress tolerance, high-risk behaviors, and feelings of loneliness in students with self-injurious behaviors.

In this semi-experimental study, 45 female students with self- injurious behaviors were included. Samples were randomly divided into three groups (N=15): 1. mindfulness-based stress reduction group, 2. compassion-focused therapy group, and 3. control group. In the first and second group, 8 sessions of mindfulness-based stress reduction and compassion-focused therapy sessions were held, respectively. In the control group, no intervention was performed. After the sessions, all groups completed the distress tolerance, high-risk behaviors, and feeling of loneliness questionnaires and were followed up a month later.

The findings of this study revealed that both methods were effective in improving the variables of distress tolerance and high-risk behaviors, and its effect remained constant over time (P<0.01). In addition, both interventions were effective in reducing the feeling of loneliness only in the post-test phase and its effect was not maintained over time. No significant difference was observed between the average scores of the two experimental groups in all three variables in both stages (P < 0.05).

Holding mindfulness-based stress reduction as well as compassion-focused therapy sessions is effective in improving distress tolerance, high-risk behaviors, and feeling of loneliness in students with self- injurious behaviors.

The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of integrative couple therapy on the quality of marital relationships and cognitive regulation of emotions in incompatible couples. The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all the couples who referred to the counseling centers of Amol city during March 2021, who referred because of incompatibility or the psychologists of the center identified the cause of the conflict as incompatibility. The sample size, the number of 20 couples (40 people) (10 couples for the experimental group and another 10 couples for the control group) from the entire statistical population, the cluster sampling method was used, and finally, with this method, five centers were used to select the samples. The training sessions of the integrative couple therapy group were implemented using Christensen and Jacobson's (2000) integrative couple therapy. The questionnaires of the study were Busby et al.'s Marital Relationship Questionnaire (1995) and Garnefski et al.'s (2001) Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Findings were analyzed using repeated measures with a mixed design. The results of the research showed that the results showed that integrative couple therapy training increases the quality of marital relationships (P<0.001, F = 46.30) and positive emotional cognitive regulation (P< 0.001, F=62.35) and negative (P<0.001, F=137.80) has been effective. Therefore, it can be concluded that integrative couple therapy was effective in improving the quality of marital relations and cognitive adjustment of incompatible couples.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of multisensory stimulation and cognitive rehabilitation on mental state, clinical memory and sleep disorder in elderly women with cognitive impairments. The current research was conducted as a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with control and follow-up groups. The statistical population consisted of 30 elderly women referring to nursing homes in Tehran, who were divided into two experimental and control groups by a simple random method. To collect data from Folstein mental state questionnaires (1975), Wechsler Bluber clinical memory questionnaire (1939), Petersburg Boyce et al. sleep quality questionnaire (1989) and cognitive deficits questionnaire (national surveys standard of the Ministry of Health and Iran Statistics Center) used. The data was analyzed using SPSS-21 software and mixed analysis of variance tests. According to the results of multisensory stimulation and cognitive rehabilitation, it improves mental status (F=28.58, P<0.001), clinical memory (F=20.27, P<0.001), and sleep disorder (F=12.43, P<0.001) has a significant effect in the elderly with cognitive defects (P<0.01). The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation is greater compared to multisensory stimulation on the mental state and clinical memory of the elderly (P<0.01); However, the effectiveness of multisensory stimulation on the sleep disorder of the elderly is more than the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation (P<0.01). This method can be used to improve the cognitive ability and, as a result, the quality of life of the elderly independently and together with clinical and subclinical cognitive treatments.

Using online games has many negative emotional and social consequences. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of play therapy on improving emotion regulation and social adjustment of students addicted to online games.

This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with a control group. The research population was the fifth grade students of district 2 of Sari city in the 2021-22 academic years. The sample size based on G Power software for each group was determined 15 people, who this number was selected by purposive sampling method and by random method replaced into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group 8 sessions of 90 minute underwent the play therapy, and during this time the control group did not receive any education. The data were collected with addiction to online games questionnaire (Wang & Chang, 2002), emotion regulation questionnaire for children and adolescents (Gullone and Taffe, 2012) and children's social adjustment scale (Dokhanchi, 1998) and were analyzed by methods of variance analysis by repeated measurement and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS-26 software.

The findings showed that the play therapy improved the emotion regulation (reappraisal and suppression) and social adjustment of students addicted to online games, and the results remained in the follow-up phase (P<0.001).

The results indicated the effectiveness of play therapy and its durability on improving emotion regulation and social adjustment of students addicted to online games. Therefore, specialists and therapists can use play therapy along with other treatment methods to improve psychological characteristics, especially to improve emotion regulation and social adjustment.

In this study, the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral education and education based on acceptance and commitment on tolerating distress in self-harming high school students was studied. The quasi-experimental research design was test-post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this study was self-injurious adolescents (second grade high school students in district one) in Sari who were studying in the academic year of 1400-100, of which 45 were targeted by sampling. The sample was selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group (15 people in each group). The first experimental group, during 8 sessions of 90 minutes per week and based on the behavioral cognitive training package (Beck, 1976) and the second experimental group, during 8 sessions of 90 minutes per week and based on the training package based on acceptance and commitment (Hayes et al., 2013). Data collection tools included Simmons and Gaher (2005) Distress Tolerance Questionnaire and Klonsky & Glenn (2011) Self-Injury Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS-21 software and statistical tests of repeated measures analysis of variance and two-factor analysis of variance. The results showed that cognitive-behavioral education and education based on acceptance and commitment had an effect on distress tolerance (F = 6.57, P = 0.002) of self-harming students and the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral education and training. Acceptance and commitment based on the studied variables were the same. It can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral education and education based on acceptance and commitment had an effect on the tolerance of self-harming students and both educations can be used to improve the problems of adolescents with self-harm.

academic self-efficacy is a set of individual beliefs about academic competence. perseverance and motivation. which shows the individual's confidence in his ability to complete academic assignments. Academic self-efficacy can have a significant impact on the academic success of students and the progress of the educational system. The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating and evaluating the state of academic self-efficacy with the academic desirability technique.

The current research was descriptive-survey. The statistical population includes all students working in Mazandaran University of Science and Technology in the first semester of the academic year 1402-1401. who were selected by stratified random sampling method in the number of 335 people. In order to collect data. a standard educational self-efficacy questionnaire was used. To analyze the data. Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Yeoman-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were used with the help of SPSS21 software.

showed that the academic self-efficacy of students is relatively favorable. Also. there is a significant difference between the academic self-efficacy of students with the variables of gender. age. educational level at the 95% confidence level. However. there is no significant difference between students' academic self-efficacy and academic semester variable. The findings of this research showed that the academic self-efficacy of students is relatively favorable.

Managers and planners of Mazandaran University of Science and Technology should consider organizing workshops and training courses. creating a supportive environment. paying attention to collective. group and team work among students. scientific and recreational tours to strengthen students' self-efficacy

The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on the distress tolerance, high-risk behaviors, and feeling of loneliness in students with self- injurious behaviors.

In this semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test design, 30 female students with self- injurious behaviors in the high school of Amol city were included. Samples were randomly divided into two control and experimental groups (N=15). In the experimental group, mindfulness-based stress reduction treatment including 8 sessions was implemented, and in the control group, no intervention was performed. After the sessions, both groups completed the distress tolerance, high-risk behaviors, and feeling of loneliness questionnaires and were followed up a month later.

The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between the score of distress tolerance, high-risk behaviors, and feeling of loneliness in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up in the experimental and control groups. Mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy has been 34% successful in differentiating distress tolerance in experimental and control groups. Additionally, the program was 39 and 41 percent successful in improving high-risk behaviors and feeling of loneliness among students with self- injurious behaviors, respectively.

Holding mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy sessions is effective in improving distress tolerance, reducing high-risk behaviors, and feeling of loneliness in students with self- injurious behaviors.

Previous researches have investigated the effects of cognitive rehabilitation and neurological treatments on a wide range of disorders, including learning disorders. The review of the studies shows that few studies have done a comparative study of cognitive rehabilitation and neurological treatments on learning disorders in order to choose the best treatment method.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of electrical brain stimulation and cognitive rehabilitation on hand-eye coordination of children with specific learning disorders (dyslexia) aged 7 to 13 years.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all students with specific learning disorders in districts 7 and 10 of Tehran in 2020. The research samples consisted of 3 subjects, including 2 test groups of 15 people and a control group of 15 people. The data collection tool included hand-eye coordination evaluation test (Fernandes et al, 2013), tdcs device and cognitive rehabilitation program (Maggio, 2019). The instructions for cognitive rehabilitation training consisted of 21 one-hour sessions. Data analysis was performed using multivariate covariance analysis and spss24.

The findings of the research showed that the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on hand-eye coordination of dyslexic students was more than the effectiveness of electrical stimulation of the brain from the skull.

The results of this study can help therapists of learning disorders in choosing better treatment options. Also, the results of this study can provide more effective applications of cognitive therapies to professionals

Infertility is one of the most important crises in life, which leads to psychological problems and serious stressful experiences for people (1). The consequences of infertility are multiple and can bring social consequences and personal pain and suffering and expose affected people to various psychological pressures (4). In this connection, researchers have so far reported the occurrence of impulsive behaviors and scattered pressures, depression and feelings of worthlessness in the case of infertile people, and the presence of these conditions causes low happiness in the lives of these people (6). One of the factors that have a negative effect on infertile women is tolerance of uncertainty. Dugas et al. (2007) define ambiguity tolerance as beliefs about worry, negative problem orientation, and avoidant coping style (7). Tolerating ambiguity is one of the important factors in coping with difficulties. Ambiguity tolerance, which means the capacity to experience and tolerate a negative mental state, can be the result of cognitive or physical processes and can be experienced as an emotional state, which is often characterized by action tendencies to relieve the emotional experience (9).In recent years, the investigation of cognitive and thinking patterns in infertile women has shown that rumination and depression have a mutual relationship with each other (10). Rumination is defined as resistant and recurring thoughts. These thoughts involuntarily enter the consciousness and divert the attention from the subjects and goals of the person (11, 12). One of the effective methods of the third wave of psychotherapy in reducing the problems of infertile women is schema therapy (14). The goal of treatment is for patients to use more compatible coping styles instead of maladaptive coping styles so that they can satisfy their basic emotional needs (15). Also, in recent years, one of the therapeutic approaches that many researchers have investigated its effectiveness in different fields is cognitive therapy based on mindfulness (16). Cognitive therapy based on mindfulness as one of the approaches of the third wave of cognitive behavioral therapies has been effective on a wide range of psychological problems and disorders (16).Less research has compared the effectiveness of schema therapy with cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on the tolerance of ambiguity and rumination of infertile women, and this research is devoted to investigating this research gap. The results ofTozandehjani et al.'s research (2020) showed that schema therapy was effective on ambiguity tolerance (19). The results of the research of Zemestani et al. (2018) showed that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness had an effect on rumination (20). The research results of Shahmoradi et al. (2017) showed that therapeutic schema and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness as two effective therapeutic methods are effective in reducing incompatible schemas and improving the health of patients (21). Also, the results ofLouis et al.'s research (2018) showed that schema therapy improves psychological well-being in people (22).Due to the increasing of infertility in developing countries, including Iran, it is felt necessary to pay attention to the mental health of infertile people, especially infertile women who are more exposed than men to physical, psychological and social stressorscaused by infertility and its treatment. According to the mentioned cases, the main issue of this research is to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on the tolerance of ambiguity and rumination of infertile women, and the present study tries to answer this question: Is the effectiveness of schema therapy and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on tolerance Ambiguity and rumination of infertile women are different?

The method of this research is semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population included all infertile women aged 18 to 45 from the infertility centers of Sari city, 45 of whom were selected by purposeful sampling and divided into three groups (group 1: schema therapy (15 people), group 2: cognitive therapy based on mindfulness (15 people) and group 3 were selected as the control group (15 people). Data collection was based on McLain's ambiguity tolerance scale (1993) and Nolen Hoeksema et al.'s (1991) rumination scale, and the experimental group received Yang et al.'s (2003) schema therapy and Williams et al.'s (2002) cognitive therapy based on mindfulness. Data were analyzed through mixed ANOVA with SPSS version 22 software.

The results showed that the effectiveness of schema therapy and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on the tolerance of ambiguity and rumination of infertile women is different (P=0.001), which is more in the experimental group. Also, there is no significant difference between the two experimental groups in terms of change in ambiguity tolerance and rumination (P<0.05).

The findings showed that the difference between the schema therapy group and the control group was statistically confirmed in terms of ambiguity tolerance and rumination. Also, the results showed that the difference between cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and control group was confirmed statistically. The results of this research are in agreement with the researches of Najafi et al. (2018) (26), Zemestani et al. (2018) (20), Shahmoradi et al. (2017) (21), Toozandehjani et al. (2020) (19), Goldberg et al., Mak et al. (2018) (28), Louis et al. (2018) (22) were aligned. In explanation, it can be said that schema therapy helps infertile women to comment on what is going on in their inner world as well as what they experience, including various physical feelings, thoughts, beliefs and values. When a person becomes aware of the origin of his dysfunctional patterns, life and relationship find a new meaning for him, and the person can put aside his negative interactions and inappropriate personality patterns and turn to a healthy mentality; Also, find a way to get rid of the traps of life and fulfill your main emotional needs. This strategy emphasizes a deeper level of cognition and seeks to correct the core of the problem; This practice has a high rate of success in treating disorders such as anxiety, depression, improving happiness, mental health and psychological well-being (25). On the other hand, mindfulness and mindfulness techniques are considered as a general desire to be aware of experiences, that a person has a non-judgmental and open look at these emotions and feelings and his inner psychological experiences, becomes aware of his bodily feelings and experiences and experiences them. Also, mindfulness encourages curiosity and open attention to inner experiences and communication and familiarity with thoughts and feelings related to the body (29). In general, interventions based on mindfulness through the mechanism of increasing the neural processing related to the identification of bodily states and feelings can have an effect on the tolerance of uncertainty and rumination of infertile women. In another explanation of the results, it can be said that schema therapy is effective in reducing rumination symptoms, but more sessions are needed for better efficiency. In addition to therapeutic techniques focused on attention training, schema therapy includes a wide range of specific therapeutic strategies designed to facilitate cognitive and emotional change (31). The main limitation of this research is related to external validity, because the statistical population of the research is a special group of society, that is, infertile women aged 18 to 45 in the infertility centers of Sari city, who were in the second half of 1401, so the possibility of generalizing the results to the whole society is limited. Based on the results of schema therapy and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, it can play an important role in improving the tolerance of ambiguity and rumination of infertile women. Therefore, it is suggested to use these methods along with other treatment methods to improve these variables in infertile women.

The present research was conducted with the aim of examining the effectiveness of mindfulness training on the wisdom and academic persistence of female students of Amol Farhangian University. The research was aplied and semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and a control and an experimental group. From among the statistical population of the study, a sample of 30 female students was selected through g power software in the academic year of 2021-2022. To collect the data, the five-factor mindfulness questionnaire of Baer et al. (2006) was used. Also, Ardelt's three-dimensional wisdom questionnaire was used to measure respondents’ wisdom. Additionally, Martin and Marsh's academic persistence questionnaire was utilized to measure academic persistence. Subjects of both groups completed questionnaires in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up. After the pre-test was conducted, the experimental group was subjected to the educational intervention of mindfulness skills, while no such training was given to the control group. Descriptive and inferential statistics were run for data analysis via SPSS. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups that indicates the effectiveness of the training program.

Marital relationships are the primary source of support and affection, and spouses are expected to show an exclusive relationship, honesty, interest, affection, as well as intimacy and support. purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of integrative couple therapy and reality therapy on the quality of marital relationships and dysfunctional attitudes in incompatible couples.

The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all the couples who referred to the counseling centers of Amol city during May 2021, who referred due to incompatibility or the psychologists of the center identified the cause of the conflict as incompatibility. The sample size is 30 couples (60 people) (10 couples in the first experimental group, 10 couples in the second experimental group, and another 10 couples for the control group) from the entire statistical population, cluster sampling method was used, and finally with this method, out of five centers were used to select samples. For the first experimental group, integrative couple therapy was implemented using Christensen and Jacobson's integrative couple therapy (2000), for the second experimental group, reality therapy group training sessions were implemented using Glasser's (1965) reality therapy protocol. The questionnaires of the study were Busby et al.'s Marital Relationship Questionnaire (1995) and the questionnaire of dysfunctional attitudes was Weizman and Beck (1978). Findings were analyzed using repeated measures with a mixed design.

The results of the research showed that integrative couple therapy increased the quality of marital relationships (P<0.001, F=46.30) and reduced ineffective attitudes (P<0.001, F=62.35) has been effective.

Therefore, it can be concluded that integrative couple therapy was effective in improving the quality of marital relations and dysfunctional attitudes of incompatible couples.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy on resilience and emotion regulation in obese women of Amol City.

The present study was quasi-experimental with experimental and control groups and pretest-posttest design with one-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study was 200 obese women who had referred to one of the psychological centers for psychological treatment. 50 people were purposefully selected as a sample and randomly assigned to two groups of 25 experimental and control. Data were collected using the Connor & Davison (2003) Resilience Questionnaire and the Garnefski & Kraaij (2006) Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of 90-minute cognitive-behavioral therapy by Wright, Brown, Thase, Basco(2017). Then both groups were evaluated in three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up by Resilience and Emotion Regulation questionnaires. Data were analyzed using repeated measures mixed variance analysis in SPSS-21 software.

The results showed the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the Resilience (P=4.37, F = 0.019), emotion regulation (P=0.005, F = 5.92) in the post-test stage and the stability of this effect was in the follow-up stage.

Based on the results, it seems that cognitive-behavioral group therapy is effective in increasing resilience and emotion regulation in women. Therefore, it is recommended that psychotherapists, along with other psychological and social Actions, use this treatment to increase resilience and emotion regulation of obese women..

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on body image satisfaction and happiness in adolescent girls dissatisfied with body image.

The present study was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test-post-test and follow-up design. Among the adolescent girls who were dissatisfied with the body image, a sample of 30 people was selected by purposive non-random sampling method and was randomly replaced in two groups of experimental (positive psychotherapy) and control. (15 people in each group). After evaluation, 30 adolescent girls who were dissatisfied with the body image, who scored lower than the cut score of the image satisfaction questionnaire and had the necessary conditions, were identified and then divided into two groups of 15, one experimental group and one control group. Then, 8 sessions of 90-minute positive psychotherapy of Seligman (2008) in the experimental group were performed in person and in accordance with health protocols. Data were collected using Happiness Questionnaire and Image Satisfaction Scale. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with SPSS-22 software.

The results showed that in the post-test and follow-up stages, positive psychotherapy was effective on body image satisfaction (F=49.86, P<0.001) and happiness (F=13.53, P<0.001). And in the post-test and follow-up stages, treatment based on acceptance and commitment were effective on body image satisfaction and happiness, and in other cases no significant difference was observed.

In general, according to the results of the study, it is possible to use positive psychotherapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment to improve the psychological problems of adolescent girls.

The addicted to online games is increasing, and considering its negative consequences, the present research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of anger control education on decreasing anger and anxiety and increasing social adjustment of students addicted to online games.

This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was semiexperimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with a control group. The research population was the fifth grade students of district 2 of Sari city in the 2021-22 academic years. The sample size based on G Power software for each group was determined 15 people, who this number was selected by purposive sampling method and by random method replaced into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group 12 sessions of 90 minute underwent the anger control education, and during this time the control group did not receive any education. The research tools were the addiction to online games questionnaire (Wang and Chang, 2002), children's anger inventory (Nelson and Finch, 2000), children's anxiety scale (Spence, 1997) and children's social adjustment scale (Dokhanchi, 1998) and the data were analyzed by methods of variance analysis by repeated measurement and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS-26 software.

The findings showed that the anger control education decreased the anger and anxiety and increased the social adjustment of students addicted to online games, and the results remained in the follow-up phase (P<0.001).

The results of this research indicated the effect of anger control education and its permanence on decreasing anger and anxiety and increasing social adjustment of students addicted to online games. Therefore, professionals and therapists can use anger control education along with other treatment methods to improve psychological characteristics, especially to decrease the anger and anxiety and increase the social adaptation.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that widely affects the lives of patients and adherence to treatment and hope is an important component in the successful management of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on following the physician's instructions and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes of Shohada ZirAab Hospital.

The present study was a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of the present study included all diabetic patients referred to the Diabetes Clinic of Savadkooh Shohada ZirAab Hospital.in 1399. Thirty people were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental groups (15 people) and control groups (15 people). The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes of cognitive-behavioral therapy and no action was taken for the control group. Data collection tools included quality of life questionnaire and general adherence scale.

The results show that by controlling the pre-test scores, the effect of the group on the post-test score of the variable was overall compliance (P = 0.001, F = 56.73) and quality of life (Lambda Wickles = 0.07, p<, 0.001, F=21/59) is significant. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has significantly increased the variable scores of overall adherence and quality of life in the intervention group compared to the control group.

According to the results of the intervention, cognitive-behavioral therapy can help chronic patients to increase compliance with physician instructions and hope.

One of the consequences of marital problems is emotional divorce, and based on the purpose of this research was predicting emotional divorce based on early maladaptive schemas in couples with marital problems. This was study was descriptive from type of correlational which its statistical population was couples with marital problems referred to counseling centers of Babol township with number of 436 people (218 couples). The research sample based on Krejcie and Morgan table was estimated 204 people (102 couples) who were selected after reviewing the inclusion criteria by purposive non-random sampling method. The research instruments were included the emotional divorce scale (Gottman, 1994) and early maladaptive schemas scale (Young, 1994). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression in SPSS software. Findings showed that the whole of early maladaptive schema and three schemas including disconnection and rejection, other directedness and over vigilance had a positive and significant relationship with emotional divorce in couples with marital problems (P˂0.05), but two schemas including impaired autonomy and impaired limitations had not significantly relationship with emotional divorce in them (P>0.05). Other findings showed that early maladaptive schemas significantly could predict 36.8% of the changes of emotional divorce in couples with marital problems and three schemas of disconnection and rejection, other directedness and over vigilance significantly could predict 88.5% of the changes of emotional divorce in them (P˂0.001). According to the findings of the present study, the planning by health professionals and therapists to reduce emotional divorce in couples with marital problems is necessary by reducing the early maladaptive schemas, especially the three schemes of disconnection and rejection, other directedness and over vigilance.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of multisensory stimuli on mental state, clinical memory and sleep disorder in elderly women with cognitive impairment. 

The current research was conducted as a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with control and follow-up groups. The statistical population consisted of 30 elderly women referring to nursing homes in Tehran, who were divided into two experimental and control groups by a simple random method. Questionnaires of mental state, clinical memory, sleep disorder and cognitive deficits were used to collect data. The data was analyzed using SPSS-21 software and mixed analysis of variance tests. 

According to the results, multisensory stimulation had a significant effect on improving the mental state, clinical memory and sleep disorder in the elderly with cognitive deficits (P<0.01). Therefore, treatment of multisensory stimuli is effective on sleep disorder, mental state and clinical memory of the elderly (P<0.01). 

This method can be used to improve the cognitive ability and, as a result, the quality of life of the elderly independently and together with clinical and subclinical cognitive treatments.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that widely affects the lives of patients and adherence to treatment and hope is an important component in the successful management of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on life expectancy and following the doctor's order in patients with type 2 diabetes of Savadkooh Shohada ZirAab Hospital.

The present study was a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all diabetic patients admitted to the Diabetes Clinic of Savadkooh Shohada ZirAab Hospital in 2019. Thirty people were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental group (15 people) and the control group (15 people). The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90-minute treatment based on acceptance and commitment and no action was taken for the control group. Data collection tools included a life expectancy questionnaire and a general adherence scale. The research data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19 and analysis of covariance.

The results showed that the pre-test and post-test scores of the control group in overall compliance were 12.27±2.08 and 13.26±1.57 and life expectancy 57.26±4.47 and 58.13±5.31, respectively. The pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental group in overall compliance were 13.46±2.82 and 22.33±3.49, respectively, and life expectancy was 57.80±4.27 and 67.60±3.66, respectively. By controlling the pre-test scores, the effect of the group on the post-test score of the variables of general adherence (F= 100.47, p= 0.001) and life expectancy (F= 32.29, p= 0.001) was significant. Commitment and acceptance intervention caused a significant increase in the scores of variable overall adherence and hope in the intervention group compared to the control group.

According to the results, commitment and acceptance therapy can be used to help patients with diabetics increase their doctor's instructions and life expectancy.

Many spouses, especially women applying for divorce, may experience hidden aggression in their lives for some reason and may not be able to adapt to challenging situations. The objective was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy and reality therapy on covert communication aggression and forgiveness among women seeking divorce in Babol city.

The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design of three groups. Among the women applying for divorce, a sample of 45 people was selected by non-random sampling method and they were replaced in two experimental groups (therapy based on acceptance and commitment and reality therapy) and a control group by simple randomization. (15 people in each group). After evaluating 45 women applying for divorce whose level of hidden communication violence was above the cut-off point and met the necessary conditions, they were identified and then divided into three groups of 15 people, two experimental groups and one control group. Then, 8 sessions of 90-minute therapy based on acceptance and commitment (Hayes et al., 2004) and 8 sessions of 90-minute reality therapy (Glasser, 2005) were conducted in the experimental groups in person and in compliance with health protocols. Data were collected using the covert communication aggression questionnaire and the forgiveness questionnaire.

The results of the research showed that the therapy based on acceptance and commitment and reality therapy are effective on covert communication aggression (F=19.44) and forgiveness (F=15.87) among women seeking divorce. Also, the results of post hoc test showed that therapy based on acceptance and commitment has a greater effect on hidden communication aggression and forgiveness than reality therapy (p<0.01). Also, the results of the follow-up test showed that the effect of reality therapy continued until the follow-up period.

It can be concluded that reality therapy was effective on covert communication aggression and forgiveness among women seeking divorce and this effect continued until the follow-up period.

Besides physical problems, premature menopause is associated with psychological problems like anxiety, depression, reduced resiliency and marriage adjustment problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on quality of life, marital satisfaction and self-resiliency of women with premature menopausal referred to the health center. In this semi-experimental study with pre- and post-test design, 32 women with premature menopausal referred to the Sari health centers were recruited as an available sample and allocated to an experimental or control group. Data were collected through the three questionnaires: World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF), Marital Satisfaction Scale (short-form), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003). After the pretest, an 8-session protocol of acceptance and commitment treatment was performed for the experimental group, while the control group participated only in the pretest and posttest sessions. After statistical analysis of data with multiple covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS25 statistical package, the results showed that therapeutic intervention based on acceptance and commitment has been able to improve quality of life, marital satisfaction, self-resilience and their components in women with premature menopausal referred to health centers. As a result, acceptance and commitment-based psychotherapy can be used as an effective treatment to improve the mental health indicators of women with premature menopause.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based treatment on marital tension and forgiveness among women seeking divorce in Babol.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a two-group pretest-posttest design. Among the women seeking divorce, a sample of 30 people was selected by purposive non-random sampling method and replaced in a experimental group (acceptance and commitment therapy) and a control group by simple random sampling. (15 people in each group). After evaluating 30 women applicants for divorce, whose level of covert communication violence was higher than the cut-off point and had the necessary conditions, it was identified and then divided into three groups of 15, two experimental groups and one control group. Then, 8 sessions of 90-minute treatment based on acceptance and commitment (Hayes et al., 2004) were performed in the experimental group in person and in accordance with health protocols. Data were collected using the Stockholm Orth Gomer et al. (2000) Marital Stress Scale and the Pollard & Anderson (1988) Forgiveness Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed that acceptance and commitment-based therapy on marital stress (F=31.53, p<0.001) and forgiveness (F=34.25, p <0.001) among women applicants. Divorce is effective. Also, the results of post hoc test showed that the effect of treatment based on acceptance and commitment continued until the follow-up period.

It can be concluded that treatment based on acceptance and commitment was effective on marital tension and forgiveness among women seeking divorce and this effect continued until the follow-up period.