فهرست مطالب شهره عالیان سماک خواه

Brucellosis is a contagious and common disease between humans and animals, which is caused by Brucella species. This disease in horses is mainly caused by Brucella abortus and Brucella suiss species. In equines, this infection is usually accompanied by clinical symptoms. In equines, it is mainly associated with bursitis, tenosynovitis and osteomyelitis. Epidemiological studies of brucellosis in horses are very important. The purpose of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in horses in the country. The purpose of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in horses in Iran. Two researchers independently searched internal and foreign databases in order to obtain relevant Persian and English documents. To avoid bias in the study, search, selection of studies, qualitative assessment and data extraction were done by two researchers independently. Any disagreement between the two researchers was investigated by a third person. In the present study, 17 studies with a sample size of 3032 horses were included in the quantitative analysis. The total seroprevalence of brucellosis in horses in Iran was estimated at 3.5% (95% confidence interval, 4.6-2.3). Despite the low seroprevalence of brucellosis in the horse population in Iran, it is suggested to consider the possibility of infection of this animal host in close contact with preferred animal hosts in the country's brucellosis control programs.

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is one of the most contagious viral agent's causing acute enteritis in young canines with high mortality rate. This study was conducted to investigate the risk factors associated with the occurrence of CPV in dogs using a matched case-control method. The target population was dogs under one year of age referred to veterinary clinics located in South, North, and Razavi Khorasan provinces. The case group (100 dogs) had clinical symptoms of CPV disease and positive PCR test, the control group (100 dogs) had no clinical symptoms, were healthy and the PCR test was negative. Statistical analysis was performed using a multivariable logistic regression model using SPSS software. Based on the obtained results, it was determined that large breeds have a higher chance of CPV than small breeds (OR = 2.56, P = 0.004). Lack of vaccination is a risk factor in the occurrence of CPV with an equal odds ratio (OR = 2.63, P = 0.002). Dogs with homemade food had a lower chance of disease (OR = 0.26, P = 0.01), and the disease was significantly higher in shelter dogs than in domestic dogs (OR = 9.89, P = 0.0001). Dogs that were in contact with other dogs also had a higher chance of developing CPV than dogs that had no contact (OR = 3.01, P = 0.001). Therefore, the awareness of the owners regarding the vaccination of dogs at the appropriate time and preventive care regarding the interactions of dogs is essential to prevent CPV.

The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of semen frozen with BoviFree diluent compared to manual and Steridyl in dual-purpose Simmental bulls. Semen samples were collected from 12 bulls (three replicates for each bull and a total of 36 ejaculations) using an artificial vagina and each ejaculation was divided into three equal parts. Freezing was done by two-step dilution method and sperm quality parameters such as viability, motility, morphology and plasma membrane integrity were investigated in fresh and frozen thawed semen. The results showed that all sperm characteristics of semen diluted with manual extender in fresh semen were lower than in other diluents, and this difference was significant in the case of the plasma membrane integrity. Regarding frozen thawed semen, progressive motility and other motility parameters in the group which was frozen with Steridyl diluent was significantly more than the other two groups. There was no significant difference between the group of manual and BoviFree extender. Considering the findings of our research Steridyl has a better performance in terms of sperm motility after freezing than BoviFree and manual, it can be concluded that the Steridyl diluent is more suitable for semen freezing of dual-purpose Simmental bulls than the Bovifree and manual diluent. In addition, the results of this research determined that the diluents based on egg yolk are more suitable for bull semen freezing than the diluents based on soy lecithin.

Today, the use of active packaging containing natural antimicrobial compounds such as essential oils and plant extracts has increased to increase the shelf-life of food  products. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of gelatin coating containing Citrus sinensis peel extract on increasing the shelf life of rainbow trout meat. Gelatin (4%) coating was prepared with different levels of Citrus sinensis peel extract (2% and 4%). After preparing the pieces of rainbow trout meat, all the pieces were coated and examined for chemical properties (pH, TVB-N, TBARS), microbial (TVCs and TPCs) and sensory properties (odor, color, texture and overall acceptance) were evaluated for 16 days at 4°C with a 4-day interval (0, 4, 8, 12, 16). The results of the investigation of the antimicrobial effect showed that in the samples coated with 2% and 4% levels of Citrus sinensis peel extract, the average count of mentioned bacteria was significantly lower than the control and gelatin alone (p < 0.05). The results of examining the chemical properties of the samples showed that pH, TVB-N and TBARS increased during the period, but this increase occurred at a slower rate in the samples coated with different levels of Citrus sinensis peel extract. In the evaluation of sensory characteristics, at the beginning of the study, all the samples had the highest acceptance limit, and with the passage of time and the appearance of signs of spoil, the scores decreased, especially in the control. Generally, the results showed that gelatin coating along with different levels of Citrus sinensis peel extract has a positive effect on increasing the shelf life of fish meat and these compounds can be used together to increase the shelf life of protein foods.

This was a 3-month cross-sectional study conducted from October to December 2021 on 170 people involved in food preparation and distribution in Haraz intercity road restaurants with the aim of measuring their knowledge, attitude and practice regarding food preparation and distribution.

The data collection tool was a questionnaire with two sections, that is, a researcher-made demographic questionnaire (age, gender, level of education, type of job in a restaurant, work experience, place of residence and history of attending training courses), and a section with questions about knowledge, attitude, and practice assessment based on the World Health Organization standards.

Analysis of the data showed that 97.1%, 100% and 100% of the people had a good level of knowledge, a positive attitude and good practice, respectively. In addition, there were statistically significant relationships between knowledge and age, educational level and participation in educational courses.

The 25- to 40-year age group, people with university education and those with experience in participating in training courses were found to have the highest level of knowledge. The level of knowledge in key number four (keeping food at a safe temperature) and attitude and practice in key number 3 (full cooking) had the lowest averages. Also, considering that 82.4% of the people had not participated in any training courses, the need to hold appropriate training courses for them by the relevant agencies and motivate them to increase their knowledge and, subsequently, increase and improve their attitudes and practice can improve the situation.

  Medicinal plants have a long history of treating different diseases. Glaucium flavum (yellow horned poppy) is a summer-flowering plant in the family Papaveracae. It is native to Northern Africa, Macaronesia, temperate zones in Western Asia, and the Caucasus, as well as Europe. It has thick, leathery deeply segmented, wavy, bluish-grey leaves, which are coated in a layer of water-retaining wax. Yellow Horne Puppy (YHP) is an alkaloid medicinal plant with a high content of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Yellow Horne Puppy on some hematological indices in male rats compared with vitamin C. Vitamin C is an electron donor, and this property accounts for all its known functions. As an electron donor, vitamin C is a potent water-soluble antioxidant in humans. 

 In this experimental study, 36 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (six rats in each group): (1) The first group (control) did not receive any dose, and the experimental groups (2) treated with oral administration of 250 mg/kg of yellow horned poppy extract, (3) treated with Intra-peritoneal (IP) administration of 250 mg/kg of the extract and 100 mg/kg of vitamin C, (4) treated with IP administration of 100 mg/kg of vit C, (5) treated with oral administration of 500 mg/kg of extract, (6) treated with oral administration of 200 mg/kg of vit C. Thirty days after administration following induction of anesthesia and taking blood from the heart of rats, blood samples were collected and hematological parameters measurement including red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, Red blood cell distribution width and platelets measured by a Hematology Auto Analyzer. The obtained data were subjected to the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality. Results were analyzed statistically by SPSS software version 22 and the One-way ANOVA test with Bonferroni post hoc test. Mean ± SD was considered significant if (P<0.05). 

 Medicinal plants have natural ingredients and many of these plants have fewer side effects. Because the most important known factor in yellow horned poppy is its alkaloids. The most important alkaloids of this plant include Glaucine, Berberine, Bolbucapanine, and Protopine. Glaucine is an alkaloid that has been shown to have antioxidant properties and can protect against double bond fatty acids against free radical-mediated peroxidation. Due to our result, the oral consumption of yellow horned poppy significantly increased the number of Neutrophils (76.84±14.02) and, decreased Lymphocytes (18.41±9.58). Elevated blood neutrophils due to the induction of stressful conditions and stimulation of the immune system. In this sense, these factors not only raise white blood cells but also affect other blood parameters but, in this study, Changes in white blood cell counts due to oral administration and injecting vitamin C have been shown to stimulate the immune system. Injection of vitamin C showed a significant increase in monocytes (4.16±0.75). The number of red blood cells among the groups under study showed no decreasing or increasing effect (P>0.05). Hb and MCH increased with both oral and IP administrated extracts. IP administration of YPH+vit C has led to a decrease in MCH and MCHC (17.56±0.66, 33.76±0.80). Platelets were also significantly increased by IP administration of Extract of Glaucium Flavum+ vitamin C (351000±126714). The rate of RDW was reduced by oral administration of YPH and injection (13.01±1.35, 12.73±0.53). Glaucium flavum contains Glaucine, an alkaloid similar in effect to codeine, in that it has cough suppressant activity but without being addictive. Glaucine is an alkaloid found in several different plant species such as Glaucium flavum, Glaucium oxylobum, Croton lechleri, and Corydalis yanhusuo. It has a bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory effects, acting as a PDE4 inhibitor and calcium channel blocker, and is used medically as an antitussive in some countries. Glaucine may produce side effects such as sedation, fatigue, and a hallucinogenic effect characterized by colorful visual images and has recently been detected as a novel recreational drug. 

 The findings of this study reveal that Oral administration of the yellow horned poppy extracts can have a good effect on blood parameters, as same as vit C, due to its antioxidant properties. Therefore, this plant extract can be used in the treatment of many diseases.

 The quality of drinking water is an important factor that may affect broiler performance. Water is very important resource for poultry and is mainly supplied from groundwater sources, rivers, and springs. In addition to being a nutrient, water also softens food and carries it through the body, aids in digestion and absorption, and cools the body as it evaporates through the bird’s lungs and air sacs. Water helps remove waste, lubricates joints, is a major component of blood, and a necessary medium for many chemical reactions that help form meat and eggs. This study discusses some of the most common factors that impact poultry farms water quality. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the chemical quality of samples obtained from various sources of poultry drinking water in Noorabad city of Fars province and neighboring villages.

 This study is a cross-sectional study and was conducted for evaluating the quality of water used in poultry farms in Noorabad city of Fars province and neighboring villages such as Dam Qanat, Kol Gah, Gazargah, Arab Khalifa Sofla, Fahlian, Tal Kohneh, Mal Mahmoud and Bajgah. Total hardness, pH, total dissolved solids, chlorine, calcium, magnesium, and sodium of water in nine regions were evaluated. This study was conducted in the second quarter of 1399. Water sampling was done in 30 poultry farms with three replicates. For this purpose, three samplings were randomly taken from each poultry farm three times a month. The samples collected in plastic containers were immediately tested for pH and transferred to the laboratory for other experiments at room temperature. The sampled poultry farms used well water.Total hardness, pH, chlorine, calcium, and water magnesium were measured using a model 7500 photometer according to the device's instructions and APHA. Results were analyzed statistically by SPSS software version 20 and the One-way ANOVA test with the Duncan post hoc test. Mean ± SD was considered significant if (P<0.05). 

 When the water looks clear and tastes okay, water quality is easy to take for granted. However, water quality is impossible to judge adequately except with laboratory testing. Field experience has conclusively shown that unobservable differences in water quality, from farm to farm and even from one well to another within a complex, can result in significant differences in bird performance. Drinking water should be clear, tasteless, odorless, and colorless. As a general observation, a reddish-brown color may indicate the presence of iron, while blue color indicates the presence of copper. Hydrogen sulfide is indicated by a rotten egg odor. Hydrogen sulfide may also combine with iron to form black water (iron sulfide) that may also implicate the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Taste can be affected by the presence of salts, and a bitter taste is usually associated with the presence of ferrous and manganese sulfates. The highest amounts of total hardness (1169 ± 0.52 ppm), calcium (583 ± 0.57 ppm), total dissolved solids (1398 ± 1.5 ppm), sodium (259 ± 0.57 ppm), and chlorine (403 ± 1.00 ppm) belonged to the water of the Bajgah region. In talkohneh, the amount of magnesium in water (289 ± 0.55 ppm) was significantly higher than in other regions. Water pH in Nourabad (7.15 ± 0.020) was less than in other regions and was neutral. 

 Water quality attributes can have a direct or indirect effect on performance. Poor water quality can retard the growth, curtail egg production, or result in production of lower egg quality. Feed conversion, for example, has been positively correlated to the presence of sulfate and copper concentrates in the water, and livability with potassium, chloride, and calcium. Bodyweight is positively influenced by water hardness and dissolved oxygen and negatively influenced by total bacteria and pH less than 6.0. While several elements can cause poor water quality, the interaction between elements is more significant in water quality problems than the simple fact of their presence. The findings of this study reveal that, in terms of total hardness, Damghanat water was more suitable for poultry drinking and aviculture than other regions. Water TDS of each nine evaluated regions as appropriate. In Damghanat and Arabkhalifehsofla, the amount of water calcium was more suitable. In Malmahmoud, Fahlyan, and Talkohneh the amount of water magnesium was more than a threshold for poultry. Gazergah has the most suitable water chlorine status. Water sodium was more than 50 ppm in all regions except Kalgah. pH less than 6.3 decreases the yield of the poultry, however pH of none of the regions was less than 6.3. Low pH water can be unpalatable, corrosive to equipment, and may have a negative impact on performance. High pH water is also unacceptable since it reflects high levels of calcium and magnesium, which can clog water systems. Poultry accepts water on the acid side better than they accept water on the alkaline side. The results of the present study indicate the poor quality of water in Nurabad, which is recommended through solutions such as the use of acidic compounds to remove sediments and adjust the pH of water, as well as the use of orthophosphates to harden water.

Tuberculosis is a life-threatening infectious disease mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Determining the incidence of tuberculosis and treating sick people is one of the important strategies to prevent the occurrence of the disease and accelerate the process of achieving the goals of sustainable development to reduce cases of tuberculosis.

This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. The information is extracted from the recorded data of the tuberculosis care system and a researcher-made checklist with questions from patients as well as health system staff.

The total number of tuberculosis cases was 89, of which 57.3% were female. The mean age was 61.71 years. The cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were 78.7% and the others were extrapulmonary. The overall incidence of tuberculosis and smear-positive cases in Kerman in 2018 were equal to 11.4 and 6.1 per 100,000 population, respectively. Also, the incidence of negative and extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases in 2018 was equal to 1.2 and 2.2 people per 100,000 population, respectively.

These findings showed that the incidence of tuberculosis in Kerman is slightly higher than the national average, however, this small amount requires further investigation and survey of the causes and finally measurements to reduce the incidence of this disease.

Measles is a severe acute respiratory viral infection. The single-stranded RNA morbillivirus from the Paramixoviridea family is easily transmitted among humans through coughing or sneezing droplets.

This was a case-control study that was carried out among people living in cities under coverage of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran in 2014-2015. Seventy-five patients with confirmed measles (case group) and 150 healthy individuals (control group) were selected for the study. The case group included entered into the study through census method. The control group was randomly selected by simple random sampling from the people who had the inclusion criteria. To control the confounding factors, each case was matched with two persons from the control group for age and gender. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the data.

After adjusting for confounding variables, a significant relationship between measles and, not receiving the vaccine (OR=14.35, CI 95%=7.03-29.27), the history of contact with the definite cases of measles (OR=1.9, CI 95%=1.09-3.43), non-native residents (OR=5.46, CI 95%=1.88-15.78), motherchr('39')s age of older than 30 years at birth (OR=2.8, CI 95%=1.23-6.38) were identified.

Based on the findings independent risk factors for developing measles disease were not having measles vaccine, non-native people, history of contact with definite cases of measles and, motherchr('39')s age at birth.

Microorganisms especially wild or added lactic acid bacteria as starter or adjunct culture have a significant effect on different stages of cheese production. The aim of this study was to evaluate technological properties of 3 strains of E. faecium (SC5, SF5, SA12) and 3 strains of E. durans (SA25, SE16, SD18) isolated from Siahmazgi cheese in order to select suitable microorganisms regarding technological properties to be used as starter or adjunct culture in the production of fermented dairy products. The strains were evaluated regarding acidifying activity, proteolysis and lipolysis ability and also other biochemical properties. Then the growth curve of the strains were drawn at different environmental conditions. There was a significant difference in relation to acid production, proteolysis and lipolysis ability between Enterococcus strains. The strongest strain in relation to pH reduction was SC5. SC5 and SE16 strains were the strongest strains in relation to proteolysis (4.35 mg Tyr/5 ml milk) and lipolysis (10.37 U/min), respectively. The results showed that growth at salt concentrations (%2 and %4) and also pH=9.6 induced log phase to be started at hour 4, but growth at pH=5 and %6.5 salt concentration induced log phase to be started with delay (hour 8). The results showed that Enterococcus strains isolated from Siahmazgi cheese cannot be used as starter culture because of weakness in pH reduction, but due to proteolysis and lipolysis activity, inability to produce gas from glucose, diacetyl production, and resistance to diverse environmental conditions (SE16 strain) can be used as adjunct culture.

  Among infectious diseases, Newcastle disease, due to being highly contagious and its rapid spread among poultry and other bird species, is a deadly viral disease and is considered a global threat to the poultry industry. To determine the occurrence of Newcastle disease in poultry broiler farms reported to the Iranian veterinary organization during the study period. This is a cross-sectional study from September 2013 to March 2015. During this study, from 185 farms and a total of 3700 bird sera, cloacal and tracheal swabs were sampled and tested using a haemagglutination inhibition test and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction respectively. In this study, of a total of 185 farms reported to the Iranian Veterinary Organization, 115 farms (62.16%, 95%CI: 55.17-69.14) were positive for Newcastle disease viruses and then using specific primers, 69 farms (37.3%, 95%CI: 30.33-44.26) had vaccinal pathotype (non-acute) and 46 farms (25%, 95%CI: 18.76-31.23) had acute pathotype (field virus). The mean±SD age of infected poultry was 24.63±5.38 days and antibodies titer against Newcastle disease virus was 5.97±1.21. The highest mortality rates were observed in the spring (32.34%) and winter (26.9%), respectively. Mazandaran (37%) and Isfahan (22%) province had the highest percentage of farms with Newcastle disease. The findings of this study suggested virulent Newcastle virus strains are circulating in the Iranian commercial broiler farms in the mentioned time and with high occurrence. Therefore, the relevant authorities need to make correct decisions to reduce the risk of Newcastle disease in the Iranian poultry industry and its control.

Introduction & Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women throughout the world including Iran. There are currently more than 40000 women in Iran suffering from the disease. Studies have shown that the active form of vitamin D, increases cell differentiation and inhibits proliferation, can play a role in changing the risk of breast cancer.
Present study is analytical and case-control study. In this study150 women with breast cancer and150 women without breast cancer as control were investigated. Including criteria was diagnosis of breast cancer in all cases and absence breast cancer in all control group. Serum vitamin D level, age and marital data included in check list. The obtained data were subjected to chi square, logistic regression and two samples t-test by SPSS software version 23. In all analyses P 0.05 were as significant difference.
Mean level of serum vitamin D in case and control groups were 16.73 ± 11.95 and 27.04 ± 18.49 ng/ml, respectively (P ng/ml), the odds ratio of illness were 1.93 times higher than the inadequate level. (%95 CI: 0.281; 0.954, P = 0.035), and the odds ratio of getting the disease were 6.9 times higher than the adequate level of vitamin D (%95 CI: 0.075; 0.361, P Based on this study, patients with breast cancer had significantly lower levels of serum vitamin D in comparison with healthy women. Therefore, decreases in serum vitamin D levels are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.