عاطفه اصغری

In their translations, the translators of the Holy Quran have paid attention to language units such as phonemes, words, combinations, phrases and sentences and they have chosen their translation method word by word, literal, free (adaptation), interpretative and semantic (conceptual, expressive, content to content). Each translation method relies on a linguistic unit and translators define their approach based on it. The present study, with a diachronic approach and descriptive-analytical method, examines the evolutionary process of linguistic units in various methods of translation of the Holy Quran and their evolution over time, and based on the translations of Surah Fatiha, explained and distinguished each one from the other. And by determining the linguistic units, the writer has explained the positive and negative points of each of these methods along with the challenges in the process of translating the Quran. The result shows that the developments related to the methods of translation of the Holy Quran have been in two fields of approach and linguistic units; It means that it is based on linguistic units from author-oriented or audience-oriented and has evolved from word to sentence; Also, in the beginning, the translators of the Holy Quran benefited from the linguistic unit of the word and proposed the method of word-for-word translation, then they turned to sentence-oriented and used methods such as semantic and interpretive translation. Therefore, the main difference between the translations of Surah Al-Fatiha is in the level of the primary meanings of the words, verses and the entire surah, which is caused by the author-oriented or audience-oriented view of the Qur'an.

In fact, the press changes with the change of events, and it is the voice that addresses public opinion. Its only weapon is language, in prose or poetry, in order to convey what is in its cover to the people. Since its spread in the Arab countries, we have seen its impact on contemporary Arabic literature, especially in Egypt. In the sense that it led traditional literature from some restrictions in its literary formulation, weight and rhymes to liberation and renewal, whether in its structure or in its topics. This is represented in the complete works of Mustafa Lotfi Al-Manfaluti, Muhammad Abdul Qadir Al-Mazni, Taha Hussein and Tawfiq Al-Hakim. The research seeks to address the extent of influence and vulnerability between journalism and literature, especially Egyptian prose, depending on the analytical descriptive approach. Among the findings of the research is the detection of shifting issues in the literary style, reviewing the role of newspapers in literature and its status. Also, among its other facts is that the literary subject has played an important role in the reach of journalists, in addition to the classical language used in writing literature in the books of those whose names were mentioned above.

The audience's perceptions of the text's meaning and author are influenced by its structure. The impact of a work is multiplied if it has a straightforward, logical structure combined with linguistic and moral aesthetics (eloquence and eloquence). Every text has a unique structure that gives it individuality and influences how literary the text is. Religious writings can be categorized in a number of structural directions. This essay examines the grammatical and rhetorical structures of Surah Fatir and how they manifest in its Persian translation using the descriptive-analytical technique. One of the causes of parallelism between source and destination texts is paying attention to grammatical and rhetorical tendencies. The translator has attempted to translate the verbal and conceptual complexities in accordance with the structure of the source text into the structure of the target text using the simplest expressions in an artistic manner and with respect for veracity. This has involved interacting with the grammatical and rhetorical structures used in the Surah. Furthermore, the desired performance of the translator is more closely linked to the transfer of grammatical than rhetorical components.

Criticism as an effective tool in evaluating information is a research work. The present article has been written with a critical approach in order to study the content and formal dimensions of the article “Relation of the word with the meaning and teaching Arabic language" written by Ahmad Al-Diab. In this work, which consists of three main parts, he explains the opinions of experts for and against the word and meaning, priority over each other, separation between word and meaning, and knowing one or the existence of unity and solidarity between these two components. Has been able to find ways to use it to teach Arabic to non-Arabic speakers. In the present article, we have tried to critique and evaluate the article “Relation of the word with the meaning and teaching Arabic language" in an analytical manner and according to the defined criteria for critique and evaluation of research works. The result of the research shows that the author has tried to introduce the two elements of word and meaning as important elements of linguistic studies to emphasize that teaching Arabic to non-Arabic speakers should be the same as European educational institutions based on Be a linguistic approach; However, conversation has been emphasized by teachers in recent research and has been considered as a more important point.