عباس ابوالقاسمی

This study aimed to design a compassion-based mindfulness training program for adolescents using the intervention mapping approach.  Intervention mapping is a method that employs a repetitive and cumulative process to develop health-oriented interventions grounded in theory, evidence, and practice. This research involved reviewing theoretical and empirical knowledge on compassion, as well as incorporating expert opinions from the fields of positive psychology and developmental psychology. The primary goal was to create a context-specific protocol for teaching compassion-based mindfulness to adolescents.  The results indicated that achieving compassion-based mindfulness through this educational protocol is linked to factors such as emotional expression, perfectionistic parenting, blame-oriented environments, social media influences, basic needs, and self-care. These findings highlight that a one-dimensional approach to compassion is insufficient and that various social, familial, and individual dimensions must be considered.  Oversimplifying the concept of compassion by focusing on a single aspect leads to a limited understanding and less effective interventions. Compassion interventions should be designed and implemented in a multidimensional manner, taking into account the diverse aspects of this construct.

Trichotillomania is a clinical psychiatric manifestation involving significant hair loss in association with recurrent hair-pulling behavior, the etiology of which is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic and environmental and behavioral contribution to trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder) and to relate the findings to contemporary theories about the etiology. This was a descriptive correlational and twins study design. 672 twins (MZ=474; DZ=202) were selected from Iranian twins associations in 2018. The Massachusetts General Hospital Hair-pulling Scale(1995) and the Self-Report of Zygosity were used as research instrument. Twin modeling methods were employed to decompose the variance in the liability trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder) into additive genetic and shared and non-shared environmental factors. The data was analyzed by SPSS, STATA and M-plus. Univariate model-fitting analyses showed that genetic factors accounted for approximately 64% of the variance in TTM. The best extracted model for TTM was the DE model. The correlation coefficient results indicated that the correlation rate was 0/61 and 0/31 in MZ and DZ group respectively. It can be concluded that TTM phenotype is the results of a polygenetic. There is no intermediate despite of the dominance effect and it results from a gene-gene interaction or a dominant gene.

Dysgraphia causes some serious problems in writing which is an abstract and complex activity. Given the relationship between dysgraphia and various cognitive functions, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of perceptual-motor skills training on the executive functions in students with dysgraphia.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design. The population included all the students with dysgraphia and aged 8 to 12 who had referred to the learning disability centers in Rasht during the academic year 2023-2024. From this population, a sample of 26 students was selected by convenience sampling and then randomly assigned to the experimental (n=13) and control group (n=13). The experimental group received twelve 45-min sessions of the Werner-Rini perceptual-motor skills program training, while the control group underwent the routine training provided by the learning disability center; however, they received a summary of the intervention at the end of the study. Data were collected by Minnesota Handwriting Test (1993) and Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale--Children and Adolescents (BDEFS-CA) (2012). The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance in SPSS-26.

The results of the data analysis indicated that perceptual-motor skills training led to the improvement of executive functions (F=28.87, P<0.05) and its components, including self-management of time (F=8.21, P<0.05), self-organization/problem-solving (F=5.77, P<0.05), self-control/inhibition (F=6.50, P<0.05), self-motivation (F=11.04, P<0.05), and emotional self-regulation (F=5.17, P<0.05) in the students with dysgraphia (P<0.05).

Perceptual-motor skills training can enhance brain growth and development by stimulating neural pathways. Also, it can lead to the improvement of executive functions such as self-management of time, self-organization/problem-solving, self-control/inhibition, self-motivation, and emotional self-regulation in students with dysgraphia by increasing the function of the neural system. Therefore, it can be considered as one of the key intervention strategies for the rehabilitation of these students.

This study aimed to compare, cognitive distortions and difficulty in emotion regulation in students with and without pornography addiction. A descriptive research design was used and a causal-comparative method was implemented. The statistical population of the study included all male and female students of Guilan University of Rasht in the academic years 2019-2021. For this purpose, 296 students were selected based on cluster sampling according to the inclusion criteria. In this study, the Pornography Craving Questionnaire (PCQ; Krauss-Rosenberg, 2014), Cognitive Distortions Inventory (CDI; Beck, 2004), and Emotion Difficulty Questionnaire (ERQ; Gross, 2003) were used to collect data. Single and multivariate variances analyzed the obtained data. The results showed that there is a difference in the cognitive distortions and difficulty in emotion regulation in students with and without pornography addiction (P<0.05). Therefore, it can be said that there is a difference between cognitive distortions and difficulty in Emotion regulation in groups with and without pornography and this can help to explain Pornography in university students.

The most important indicator of dyslexia is reading skills disorder, which reduces academic motivation. This study  aimed to investigate the effect of education based on Gardner's multiple intelligences on reading skills and academic motivation in  children with dyslexia. The research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group design. The statistical population was all 7 to11-year-old children with dyslexia in Rasht who referred to learning disorders centers in 2023.By convenience sampling, 30 children with dyslexia were selected and randomly assigned  to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received education based on Gardner's multiple intelligences during twelvet 45-minute sessions. During this period, the control group only completed the tools in  pre and post  stages. The instruments were Reading and dyslexia test- NEMA, Abedi multiple intelligences inventory and Hermans measure of achievement motivation. The data were analyzed by the analysis of covariance test. The results showed that education based on Gardner's multiple intelligences as learning language, by basing on intellectual abilities, played a role in promoting the reading skills and academic motivation in children with dyslexia; therefore, the use of education based on Gardner's multiple intelligences is recommended.

Domestic violence is one of the social issues as old as a society and, due to its extensive scope of impact, it has always drawn the attention of therapists in terms of treatment and pathology. The aim of this study was to investigate comparison the effectiveness of self-compassion‐focused therapy and emotionally focused couple therapy on abuse experience among women victims of domestic violence in interaction with self-injury.

This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design and follow-up 2 month. In this study, the statistical population was all married women victims of domestic violence referred to the welfare center in Tehran city in year 2022. In first, 60 people were selected and randomly divided into two group experimental and one control group. Experimental groups, the by self-compassion‐focused therapy  and emotionally focused couple therapy. The instruments used in this study include wife abuse questionnaire, inventory of statements about self-injury and child abuse screening tool children's version. Analysis of variance with repeated measures with SPSS software was used for data analysis.

Results indicated that both interventions, significantly improvement abuse experience (P<0.05). Results of Bonferroni post hoc showed that emotionally focused couple therapy is more effective (P <0.05).

It can be concluded that that self compassion‐focused therapy  and emotionally focused couple therapy can be used as an effective intervention in order to improvement the abuse experience among women victims of domestic violence.

 The “Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders” chapter in DSM-5 involves a series of conditions supposed to be etiologically related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present study aimed to determine the heritability rate and the role of environmental factors of OCD in monozygotic and dizygotic twins.

The research was conducted based on a twin study design. A total of 672 twins (MZ=474; DZ=202) were selected from twins associations in megacities in Iran in 2019. The required data was collected using the Hoarding Rating Scale and the Self-Report of Zygosity. Twin modeling methods were employed to decompose the variance in the liability to hoarding disorder (HD) into additive genetic and shared and non-shared environmental factors. The data were analyzed by SPSS, STATA, and M-plus.

The results showed that the correlation rate of the identical group was equal to 0.58, while it was 0.26 in the non-identical group. The best-fitting model for HD was the AE model. Additive genetic factors explained more than 50% of the phenotype variance of HD and the other phenotype variance of this disorder can be explained by non-shared environment.

The comorbidity pattern of the additive genetic factor and non-shared environment plays an important role in HD phenotype. On the other hand, the role of common environment, such as siblings and parenting style, was very small in the etiology of HD.

Pelvic inflammatory disease is a chronic disease and a common infection in women which is associated with significant complications. This study aimed to compare cognitive abilities and personality traits in infertile women with and without pelvic inflammatory disease.
The research method was causal-comparative and the sample of research included 48 infertile women with pelvic inflammatory disease and 57 infertile women without the pelvic inflammatory disease, who were referred to Al-Zahra Hospital in Rasht in 2021 and were selected through the convenience sampling method. The research instruments were a demographic checklist, the Cognitive Ability Questionnaire (Nejati, 2013), and the Neo Personality Questionnaire (McCrae & Costa, 1985). Research data were analyzed using the Mann-whitney test and multivariate variance analysis.
The results showed that there was no difference between infertile women with and without pelvic inflammatory disease in cognitive abilities and personality traits (p >0.05). But there was a significant difference between four of the seven components of cognitive ability (memory; P<0.05, U= 899.00, inhibitory control and selective attention; P<0.05, U= 933.00, decision-making; P<0.05, U= 863.500, and sustained attention; P<0.05, U= 924.500), the total score of the cognitive ability variable (P<0.05, U= 815.000), and openness in both upper and lower levels of education (P <0.05, U= 907.50).
Infertility with causes of inflammatory and non-inflammatory did not lead to cognitive dysfunction and differences in personality traits but education as a potentially influential variable can play a crucial role, which needs further research.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy on extreme responsibility and irritability of adolescent girls with symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in Rasht city in the academic year of 2021-2022. The research method was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all fifth- and sixth-grade girls with obsessive-compulsive disorder in the elementary schools of Rasht in 2021-2022, who were identified as samples from among 28 people, and after screening based on the entry criteria, 24 of them They were randomly placed in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for 8 sessions (individual). In this research, Yale Brown's Obsessive-Obsessive Scale (YBOCS) was used for screening, clinical interview for diagnosis, Salkovskis Responsiveness Attitude (RAS) and Strings Emotional Reactivity Questionnaire (ARI) for pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed using the method of analysis of variance test with repeated measurements. The results of the research show that Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy has been effective in reducing the problems of extreme responsibility and irritability of teenage girls. These results indicate that the use of Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy can lead to the improvement of treatment services for obsessive-compulsive patients as a line of treatment.

The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of self-compassion‐focused therapy and emotionally-focused couple therapy on self-injury among women with domestic violence. This research was a semi-experimental type of research with a pre-test, post-test, and 2-month follow-up period with a control group. Based on this, 60 women with domestic violence referred to the welfare of Tehran city in 2022 were purposeful sampling selected and randomly assigned to groups (20 women in each group). To collect information, an inventory of statements about self-injury (ISAS) by Klonsky and Glenn (2009) was used and The research data was analyzed by mixed variance analysis (with repeated measurements). The results showed that in the post-test, there was a significant difference in self-injury between the two interventions (P<0.05). On the other hand, a statistically significant difference was reported between two interventions with the control group (P<0.05). In other words, both methods have an effect on reducing self-injury and these two interventions significantly differ in effectiveness on this variable in women; These results were also seen in the follow-up of both interventions (P<0.05).  It is concluded that both two interventions were able to reduce self-injury, But emotionally focused couple therapy was more effective in reducing self-injury; Therefore, emotionally focused couple therapy can be used in the treatment of women with domestic violence.

Only a small percentage of individuals with eating disorders have responded positively to standard cognitive-behavioral therapy. This study compares the effectiveness of schema therapy and behavior model-based dietary regimen in regulating emotions and body image in obese individuals with binge eating disorder.Research This research employed a pre-post-test design with a control group. Thirty obese individuals with binge eating disorders attending nutrition clinics in Rasht were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The experimental groups received schema therapy and behavior model-based dietary regimen interventions, respectively, while the control group received no treatment. Data collection tools included the Garnefsky and Craig Short Form Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Young Short Form Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire, Lilton, et al. (2005), Body Image Concern Questionnaire, and Body Mass Index. Data were collected before, after, and during the follow-up period. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, variance) and inferential statistics (covariance test) were used for data analysis using SPSS. Both schema therapy and behavior model-based dietary regimens effectively reduced eating disorder symptoms and improved body image. There were no significant differences in the subscales of self-blame and catastrophizing between the two treatment approaches, although the schema therapy showed a greater impact. No significant effects were observed in the acceptance, planning, positive reappraisal, and perspective focus subscales. Both interventions targeted the blame and appearance rumination subscales. The behavior model-based dietary regimen only positively affected the positive emotion regulation subscale. Both treatments effectively reduced body image concerns, but each approach had limited effectiveness in regulating emotions.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of self-compassion‐focused therapy and emotionally focused couple therapy on family functions among women experienced domestic violence. This was a semi-experimental study with two experimental groups and one control group. The design  was conducted using the pre-test, post-test and follow-up method. Based on this, 60 women with domestic violence experience, referred to the welfare centres of Tehran city in 2022, were selected on purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to three groups (20 women in each group). In order to collect information, family assessment device was used. At first, the participants were pre-tested, then experimental group1 was  treated compassion‐focused therapy and experimental group2 was  treated emotionally focused couple therapy. After the end of the training, the post-test was conducted on all participants, with an interval of one week. Two months later, the follow–up test  was completed by 3 groups.. The results of variance analysis with repeated measurements applied to data. The results showed that both methods were suitable, but the emotionally focused couple therapy had a greater and more meaningful effect.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training of hot and cool executive functions at both parent and child levels on improving of Children’s Symptoms with ADHD. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all 9 to 12-year-old children with ADHD in Rasht who referred to medical-educational centers in 2021. The sample consisted of 26 children with ADHD from the statistical population who were selected through purposive sampling, based on the inclusion criteria. They were then equally assigned to two (control and experiment) groups. The children in the experimental group and their mothers each received the intervention program in 10 sessions. The instruments used included Cognitive demographic questionnaire, Canners Parent Rate Scale. data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. the results showed that training of hot and cool Executive functions at both parent and child levels improved Children’s Symptoms with ADHD (P<0.01). These results indicate the usefulness of multifaceted training of executive functions for children with this disorder.

Elder abuse is a new type of domestic violence, which despite its high prevalence, its numerous consequences and psychological effects, receives less attention. Impairment in cognitive function and emotional health is found highly in older adults with experience of violence and abuse. Thus, the current study aimed to compare cognitive abilities (CAs) and emotional well-being (EWB) in older adults with and without experience of abuse. This was a causal-comparative study, of retrospective type. The statistical population included older men and women who referred to the retirement centers of Rasht, Iran in 2022-2023, among whom 164 people (72 with abuse experience and 92 without abuse experience) were selected using convenience sampling (based on the cut-off score of 4 in Hwalek-Sengstock’s elder abuse screening test and the elder abuse clinical interview). Data were collected using Nejati’s CAs questionnaire and Keyes and Magyar-Moe’s EWB scale. The Data were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) in SPSS-24 software. The results indicated that EWB and CAs (including memory, inhibitory control and selective attention, sustained attention, planning, decision making, cognitive flexibility) except for component of social cognition were lower in older adults with abuse experience in comparison to that of older adults without abuse experience (P<.001). These findings state that the experience of abuse has a destructive effect on CAs and EWB in older adults. Meanwhile, defects in CAs and EWB, as a risk factor, can provide the basis for elder abuse. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to these variables in the design of preventive programs to prevent elder abuse as much as possible or design appropriate protocols for every older individual with experience of abuse.

 Anxiety is one of the common disorders of childhood, in addition to drug treatments, psychological interventions and treatments have been used to reduce it. The present study was conducted with the aim of meta-analysis of effective treatments in reducing children's anxiety.

 In this meta-analysis, the statistical population includes available research related to non-pharmacological interventions for children's anxiety inside and outside of Iran, which were published in scientific databases from 2010 to 2020 (Google Scholar, Pub Med , since Direct, NCBI, Taylor & Francis Online, SID Magiran, ensani) have been published with the keywords of anxiety disorder, separation anxiety, social anxiety, specific phobia, child anxiety, generalized anxiety, cognitive-behavioral therapy, play Therapy, behavior therapy, story therapy, art therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and mindfulness therapy were searched. According to the criteria for entering the research, out of 77 available studies, 65 studies were analyzed. The method of data analysis was the meta-analysis approach, which was done using CMA2 software.

 Meta-analysis was performed on the primary studies in eight treatment groups, which showed that the combined effect size obtained from the studies related to each treatment indicated the effectiveness of all the mentioned interventions on children's anxiety. Based on the combined effect size, the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapies (0.755), story therapy (0.655), attachment-based therapy (0.598), play therapy (0.575), cognitive behavioral therapy (0.569), child-parent interaction therapy (0.565), mindfulness (0.539) and art therapy (0.496) respectively had the greatest effect on reducing children's anxiety, which the results of the one-way analysis of variance test showed, this difference is not meaningful (P=0.355, F=65.7 1.132).

 The obtained effect size showed the effectiveness of the mentioned interventions in reducing children's anxiety, and considering the non-significance of the difference in the effectiveness of these treatments, all the mentioned treatments can be used alone in the treatment of children's anxiety.

Psychosomatic disorders of the skin include skin diseases in which psychological causes and consequences or accompanying conditions have a fundamental and therapeutic effect on the disease process. The aim of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment approach on quality of life and body image by modulating emotional reactivity in patients with skin disorders.

In this semi-experimental research, pre-test and post-test were used for two experimental and control groups, and the follow-up phase was implemented after two months. The statistical population included all patients with skin disorders in Tabriz, 15 people with high reactivity and 15 people with low reactivity in the acceptance and commitment group, and 15 people with low reactivity and 15 people with high reactivity in the control group. They were randomly replaced. World Health Organization quality of life questionnaires and body image scale (1990) were used as data collection tools. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used to analyze the data.

The results of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that the approach based on acceptance and commitment has created a significant increase in the body image (P<0.01) and the quality of life (P<0.01) of patients with skin disorders. And these results remained stable in the two-month follow-up (P<0.05). Also, the results showed that the interactive effect of emotional reactivity and group has no significant effect on quality of life and body image.

Teaching interventions based on acceptance and commitment are effective in improving the quality of life and body image in patients with skin disorders.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of integrative and emotion-oriented therapy on the family functions of couples with post-traumatic stress disorder.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test with a control group and a follow-up stage. The statistical population of the research was all the couples who referred to Hamadan Police Counseling Center. In the first stage, using the available sampling method, 30 people who scored higher than 162 on the marital conflicts scale and 107 on the post-traumatic stress disorder scale were selected and then randomly selected into 2 experimental groups (10 people each combined and 10 people were replaced by an emotion-oriented treatment group) and a control group (10 people). The first experimental group underwent 10 consolidated 90-minute sessions and the second experimental group underwent 10 90-minute sessions of emotion-oriented therapy; But the control group did not receive any intervention. To collect data, the questionnaires of Sanai's marital conflict (2017), Kinney's post-traumatic stress disorder (1988) and Epstein's family functions (1983) were used. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and Ben-Ferroni's post hoc test.

The results showed that both educational programs developed in the post-test and follow-up phase had a significant effect on the increase of family functions by 0.626 and 0.736 compared to the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the results of Ben Feroni's follow-up test showed; Emotion-oriented therapy is more effective in the dimensions of problem solving, feeling of roles, emotional

Research has shown that children with separation anxiety disorder often struggle with self-regulation and emotional regulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of group play therapy, specifically painting-based therapy, on the emotional skills of children with separation anxiety disorder. The study utilized a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test approach and a control group. The study population included all sixth-grade female students with separation anxiety disorder in Ghaemshahr city during the academic year 1400. Thirty children were selected for the study and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. Data were collected using the Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (March et al., 1997) and Zeiman's (2001) emotion management scale. The experimental group received ten 45-minute sessions of painting-based group play therapy, while the control group received no intervention. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that painting-based group play therapy significantly improved the emotional skills of children with separation anxiety disorder (P<0.001). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that group play therapy based on painting is an effective treatment method for promoting mental health and preventing psychological problems in children with separation anxiety disorder.

Depression is characterized by many symptoms, including thoughts of death and suicide. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sense of coherence, brain-behavioral systems, and attributional styles in the prediction of suicidal thoughts of depressed patients. First, using availability sampling and Beck depression inventory, 100 depressed patients admitted to Razi psychiatric hospital in Tabriz were selected. Then Beck scale for suicide ideation, Antonovsky's sense of coherence questionnaire, Carver and White's brain-behavioral systems questionnaire, and Seligman's attributional style questionnaire were presented to them to collect information. Then data were analyzed by SPSS software, using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. The results of this study showed that sense of coherence explained 44%, brain-behavioral systems explained 28.9% and attributional styles explained 33.9% of the variance of suicidal thoughts in depressed patients. Therefore, it can be concluded that sense of coherence, brain-behavioral systems, and attributional styles are the variables affecting the suicidal thoughts of depressed patients.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of self-compassion therapy and lifestyle modification on the psychological factors of eating core belief, self-criticism, and weight self-efficacy in obese women. The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women with BMI ≥ 25 who were referred to obesity treatment centers in 2022, and who participated in the study after being called for volunteers. 60 participants in the research were selected using the G Power program and using the purposeful sampling method and having the criteria for entering the research, and then they were randomly assigned to two experimental (30 people) and control (30 people) groups. The experimental group received 12 sessions, three sessions a week, 2-hour combined therapy of self-compassion and lifestyle modification. In order to collect the data, the core belief questionnaires of eating (ECBQ) by Cooper and colleagues (1997), self-criticising (FSCRS) by Gilbert and colleagues (2004), and weight self-efficacy (WSEQ) by Clark and colleagues (1991) were used. Finally, the data was analyzed by mixed variance method. The results showed that the scores of the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test and follow-up stage by receiving the combined treatment of self-compassion and lifestyle modification in the core beliefs of eating and self-criticism were significantly reduced and the self-efficacy scores increased (P<0.05). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the combined treatment of self-compassion and lifestyle modification is effective as a replacement package for modifying core beliefs and self-criticism and increasing weight self-efficacy in obese women.

The forced labor for children has negative cognitive, social and emotional consequences. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of teaching choice theory and inquiry philosophy on social competence and goal orientation of labor children.

The current research was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research population was the labor children of Rasht city in 2021 year. A number of 45 labor children were selected as a sample with using the available sampling method and were assigned in three equal groups by a simple random method with lottery, including the groups of teaching choice theory, teaching inquiry philosophy and control. The first experimental group received 8 sessions of teaching choice theory and the second experimental group received 10 sessions of teaching inquiry philosophy, and the control group did not receive any teaching. The research tools were included questionnaires of social competence (Felner, 2002) and goal orientation (Midgley et al., 1998) and its resulting data were analyzed by methods of univariate and multivariate covariance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS software.

The findings showed that teaching in both experimental groups in compared the control group led to increase social competence and goal orientation of tendency-mastery, avoidance-mastery, and tendency- performance in labor children (P<0.05), but there was no significance difference between them in the goal orientation of avoidance-performance (P>0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between the experimental groups of teaching choice theory and inquiry philosophy in terms of any of the variables of social competence and goal orientation (P>0.05).

According to the results, to improve the social competence and goal orientation of labor children, it is possible to use the teaching methods of choice theory and inquiry philosophy.

Psychosomatic disorders of the skin include skin diseases in which psychological causes and consequences or concomitant conditions have a fundamental and therapeutic effect on the disease process. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of the cognitive therapy approach based on mindfulness on resilience and body image in interaction with emotional reactivity in patients with skin disorders.

In this semi-experimental research, pre-test and post-test were used for two experimental and control groups, and the follow-up phase was implemented after two months. The statistical population included all patients with skin disorders in Tabriz, 15 people with high reactivity and 15 people with low reactivity in the group of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and 15 people with low reactivity and 15 people with high reactivity in The control group was randomly replaced. Connor Davidson's resilience questionnaires and Cash's body image scale (1990) were used as data collection tools. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used to analyze the data.

The results of analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness has significantly increased the body image (P < 0.01) and resilience (P < 0.01) of patients with skin disorders. These results remained stable in the two-month follow-up (P<0.05). Also, the results showed that the interactive effect of emotional reactivity and group has no significant effect on resilience and body image.

Cognitive therapy interventions based on mindfulness are effective in increasing resilience and body image in patients with skin disorders.

The goal of this study was to compare impulsivity and emotional lability in college student with ADHD symptoms with and without pornography and students without ADHD with pornography and normal people. The method was ex-post facto, cross-sectional design. The statistical population consisted of students from national universities in Tehran with and without ADHD with and without pornography and normal people. The research sample was 500 students who were selected on the bases of cutoff scores in 4 groups of 125 people: 1) with ADHD with pornography, 2) with ADHD without pornography, 3) without ADHD with pornography 4) normal group. To collect data, the World Health Organization ADHD Adult scales, Problematic Use of Pornography, Impulsivity, and Emotional Lability were used. Research data were analyzed through univariate and multivariate analysis of variance test. The results showed impulsivity and emotional lability in the group 1 is significantly higher than the group 2, also the groups 3 are more than group 4. It can be concluded impulsivity and emotional lability have important clinical implications in psychopathology, prevention and treatment of ADHD and pornography. Also, it is possible to reduce their impulsiveness and emotional lability.

The new DSM-5 “Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders” chapter contains a series of conditions supposed to be etiologically related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study aimed to investigate the genetic and environmental contribution to Skin Picking Disorder and relate the findings to contemporary theories about the etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This research was a twin study design. 672 twins (Mz=474; DZ=202) were selected from twins associations in some cities in Iran in 2019. The Skin Picking Scale and the Self-Report of Zygosity were used as the research instruments. Twin modeling methods were employed to decompose the variance in the liability to excoriation (skin-picking) disorder (SPD) into additive genetic and shared and non-shared environmental factors. SPSS-26, Stata-17 and M-plus version 8.3.2 analyzed the data.

Univariate model-fitting analyses showed that genetic factors accounted for approximately 80% of the variance in SPD, whereas non-shared environmental factors and measurement error were responsible for the remaining variance. Shared environmental factors were negligible. The best-fitted model for SPD was DE.

The results indicate that SPD has a strong heritability. Therefore, family and molecular genetic studies are required to delineate the role of candidate genes and non-shared environmental factors.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of combining group play therapy with painting on internalizing and externalizing problems of children with separation anxiety disorder.

Experimental research design, pre-test-post-test design with control group was used. The statistical population of the study was all sixth grade female students with separation anxiety disorder in Ghaemshahr city in the academic year 1399. The sample consisted of 30 children with separation anxiety disorder who were identified as available and placed in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group).To collect data from March et al.'s Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (1997) And Achenbach (2003) Behavioral-Emotional Problems Questionnaire was used . The experimental group received a combination of group play therapy and painting in 10 sessions of 45 minutes; and the control group did not receive any intervention. Research data were analyzed by one-way and multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that the combination of group play therapy with painting led to the reduction of internalizing and externalizing problems of children with separation anxiety disorder.. According to the obtained results, the combination of group play therapy with painting can be used as an effective and complementary treatment along with other methods to promote mental health and prevent behavioral problems in children with separation anxiety disorder.