عباس رضایی

Success in the reintegration of prisoners into society is dependent on various factors, and recent research in this field has explored different aspects. One overlooked dimension, until now, by criminologists is financial literacy and its relationship with crime recidivism rates and return to prison. The primary hypothesis of this research is that financial literacy, as a crucial economic concept, is inversely related to the rate of crime recidivism. Individuals with better financial literacy are capable of managing wealth effectively and improving their economic status, potentially reducing the likelihood of committing crimes, especially those related to economic needs. Analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficient were employed to examine the main and sub-hypotheses. The research utilized the Shapiro-Wilk test on a community sample, and all stages were executed using SPSS24 software. The findings indicate a positive and significant relationship between examined variables, including education level, age, marital status, and financial literacy. Furthermore, the results demonstrate an inverse relationship between financial literacy and the rate of crime recidivism and return to prison. The study also reveals that criminals involved in fraud have higher levels of financial literacy compared to thieves. It appears that providing financial and economic literacy education alongside vocational skills training constitutes a significant portion of effective rehabilitation programs. This education equips prisoners with the necessary skills for managing limited financial resources and prevents them from falling into immediate hardships upon release.

Accurate and fast estimation of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) as an indicator of cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) by regression equations without exercise tests in large populations is of great importance in the field of health and sport sciences. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cross-validation of the non-native non-exercise (N-EX) regression equations in estimating VO2max of healthy and adolescent boys using the standard method of respiratory gas analysis.

This research was a cross-sectional study in which 349 healthy boys children and adolescents (age: 12.49±2.72 year, BMI: 20.13±4.70 kg/m2 and VO2max: 41.50±6.47 ml/kg/min) were participated. VO2max was measured on a treadmill by the respiratory gas analysis in modified Bruce exercise test (criterion method) and then estimated by three non-native N-EX regression equations. To evaluate the cross-validation the validity of the N-EX regression equations, Pearson correlation, paired sample t-test and Bland-Altman agreement were used for extraction of results.

A significant correlation was observed between VO2max measured by criterion method and N-EX equations (R=0.63 - 0.73, p<0.01). However, a significant difference (p<0.01) was observed between VO2max of criterion method and predicted VO2max by N-EX regression equations (mean difference=6.4–11.69 ml/ kg/min). Also, the Bland-Altman plot showed low agreement between measured and predicted VO2max.

The nonnative N-EX regression equations studied in the present research do not have the necessary accuracy to estimate the VO2max of in healthy children and adolescent boys. Therefore, it seems necessary to verify foreign N-EX VO2max regression equations before use in the Iranian population.

Agricultural lands around Tehran may become contaminated due to their proximity to pollution sources and such pollution should be investigated. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were to determine the pollution levels of some trace elements in the agricultural soils around Tehran and to assess the attributed health risks.

In this study, 43 soil samples were collected from agricultural lands around Tehran. The soil samples were prepared and acid-digested and the concentrations of Vanadium (V), Lithium (Li), Lanthanum (La), Molybdenum (Mo), and Antimony (Sb) were measured by ICP-OES. Based on the concentrations of the elements in soil, the pollution indices and non-carcinogenic risk (based on Monte Carlo simulation) were assessed.

Among the studied elements, V had the highest concentration (131 mg/kg) followed by La > Li > Sb > Mo. The values of the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) were in the ranges of -1.9 to 0.8 and 0.5 to 3.1, respectively. The Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) values were in the range of 1.3 to 2.0. The values of non-carcinogenic risk for Li, Mo, Sb, and V were negligible, but it exceeded the threshold limit for La.

This study showed that the agricultural lands around Tehran are contaminated with studied trace elements to a low to moderate extent. However, an unacceptable non-carcinogenic risk attributed to La was estimated. Therefore, it is essential to pay special attention to the La pollution of agricultural soils around Tehran.

Optimal use of nuclear fuel inside the core of the reactor, due to lack of natural uranium resources, production costs and processing of uranium used, is always one of the most important issues in fuel management. In order to maximize the use of reactor fuel, fuel consumption must be increased. In addition, the density power obtained from a reactor depends on the amount of heat transfer that is achieved without damaging the structural materials of the reactor or the fuel rods. Fuel design companies are always looking for a solution that can increase power density.One way to achieve this is to change the chemical state of the fuel, or to increase the thermal conductivity of the fuel rods. To achieve this goal, instead of using the usual uo2 fuel, uranium dioxide dispersed ceramic fuels with other elements such as zirconium and iron can be used(cermet). In the present study, using Fluent software, simulation of different dispersed fuel modes such as uo2-zr, uo2-Fe, has been done. This shows that the use of cermet fuel has a significant effect on increasing the thermal conductivity of reactor fuel. The thermal power density of the current generation reactors increases significantly, in addition, with less leakage of fission fragments, the burn up of reactor also increases.

This study aimed to provide an effective electro-catalytic system for the simultaneous reduction of nitrate and disinfection of contaminated water by the electro-catalytic performance of Ni-Fe/Fe3O4 cathode.

At first, the Ni-Fe electrode was synthesized by the electro-deposition process. Then its physical properties were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and photoelectron X-ray spectroscopy (XPS). Simultaneous disinfection and reduction of nitrate were performed under the following conditions: 15 mg Fe3O4 nanoparticles, pH 6.5, NaCl 10 mM, 50 mg/L nitrate, 105 CFU/mL and current density 4 mA/cm2.

According to the results obtained in the absence of nitrate, 100 % of Escherichia coli bacteria were disinfected after 12 minutes. In the presence of nitrate, the time of complete disinfection increased to 120 minutes. In the absence of bacteria, 83% of nitrate was removed in 240 minutes, and in the presence of bacteria, the nitrate reduction efficiency increased slightly to 88%. In the nitrate reduction process, nitrite (0.22 mg/L) and ammonium (3.6 mg/L) were produced. In the presence of bacteria, the amounts of nitrite and ammonium produced increased to 0.42 mg/L and 7.3 mg/L.

The results show the outstanding ability of Ni-Fe/Fe3O4 electrode in electro-catalytic reduction of nitrate and disinfection of contaminated water separately and simultaneously with high efficiency and high selectivity to nitrogen.

Among the figures of Iran's contemporary history, Amir Kabir is considered one of the great architects of Iran's reform project, who, by carrying out practical political, economic and social reforms, laid the foundation for modernity in Iran. However, his untimely murder dealt a terrible blow to the changing body of Iran. However, his actions and reforms left an undeniable impact on the process of reforming Iran in the following periods, so that many of the reformed and modern statesmen of the Nasser era, who pushed forward the trend of Iranian modernization in the field of thought and practice, were among the successors of Amir Kabir. Examining the intellectual foundations and model of Amir Kabir's reforms during his presidency is the main issue of this article.

Nezaja Independent Armored Brigade Fire Support is an artillery battalion that carries out its assigned mission. The main purpose of this study is how to use artillery to support the independent armored brigades of Nezaja against non-governmental armed groups Tarshgari-Takfiri. The researcher seeks to answer the question of how the artillery fire of the independent armored brigades of Nezaja should be used against the Tarshgari-Takfiri non-governmental armed groups. Due to the nature of the subject, this research is of an applied type and the method of its implementation is descriptive with a (mixed) approach. The data collection of this research was done in two methods field and library and using documents, interviews, websites and a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is equal to 86 people, using the Cochran's formula, the volume of the sample population is 70 people. Findings of research at the level of 5% error show that the coordination of fire support, fire planning and selection and occupation of positions in the artillery battalion before the conflict and confrontation with non-governmental armed groups Tarshgari-Takfiri causes how the artillery is used to support independent armored brigades of Nazaja against Non-governmental armed groups will become Takfiri-Takfiri. The results showed that the Brigade Support Coordination Center, Intrinsic Responsibility, Principles of Fire and Fire Support Coordination Planned Before Occupying Position and Selecting Position and Replacement Positions in the Artillery Battalion How to Use Artillery Fire of Independent Armored Brigades of Nezaja Tarshgari-Takfiri will be.

The use of sunshades is one of the methods that is sometimes recommended to improve the performance of direct evaporative coolers. So far, limited research has been done on the role of sunshades in reducing water consumption and increasing the efficiency of swamp air coolers. In this paper, a simplified practical model is presented to simulate the performance of direct evaporative air coolers under non-adiabatic conditions. The performance of the proposed model is validated against experimental data in conditions where the air cooler is affected by solar radiation. The results showed that by eliminating the effect of solar radiation, the cooling efficiency of the cooler will be improved by about 5% and water consumption will be reduced up to 6.5%. Finally, the effectiveness of four different common sunshades was evaluated and compared. Results indicated that the use of sunshades of the same size as the roof of the cooler has a negligible effect. It was also found that the sunshades with dimensions twice the size of the cooler roof and with a diagonal edge have a relatively good performance.

Responsibility and social responsibility, which refers to the concepts of commitment, duty and belonging of individuals and groups, today the importance of studying the behavior of citizens and citizenship education is considered by social scientists. The principle of social responsibility is considered as one of the educational and moral issues that plays a decisive role in the performance and morale of individuals. There are several factors that together can create job satisfaction in individuals. Perhaps the absence of one of these factors alone can reduce a person's satisfaction or even make him / her dissatisfied with his / her job. Awareness of one's job is one of the most important factors in creating job satisfaction in people. Organizational commitment is a kind of assessment of the harmony between one's own values ​​and their beliefs about the organization. Organizational commitment is related to some form of attachment and dependence on the organization. For nearly three decades, researchers have interpreted the concept of organizational commitment in terms of these forms. But now it has a complex meaning and behavioral researchers refer to it as a summary of things related to work experiences and significantly predict appropriate work behaviors and other behavioral goals. In this article, we examine the perception of responsibility We will address social acceptability and its impact on job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

The prevalence of Covid-19 infectious disease and social distance have had a profound effect on the rates of various crimes. In this article, we try to influence the current situation on the rates of some crimes such as Theft, Intentional serious bodily injury, Drug addiction, Organized fraud, Disruption of public order and comfort, Child abuse, Participation in mass conflict, Snatching and pick pocketing in Tehran province and severa l important cities of this province, namely Tehran, Damavand, Shahr-e Rey, Shahriyar, Pakdasht, Islamshahr, Varamin and Mallard should be studied. Initially, the data related to the crimes studied in this study, which were reported to the police in Tehran province in the days after the spread of the disease and the beginning of measures related to social distancing and in the period from March 2019 to the end of October 2020, were collected through official institutions. Then, the available data related to the mentioned crimes with the same period in the previous year, i.e., the beginning of July 2019 to the end of February 2019 were collected in the same province. In order to better understand how the current situation affects the crime rate, the data related to several important cities of this province were separated from each other and then both periods were compared in terms of changes in the number of crimes studied in the cities in this study. Descriptive statistics method was used to analyze the data. To compare the situation of cities and Tehran province in terms of crime before and after the corona, the index of relative growth of crime in the post-corona period compared to before the corona has been calculated. The prevalence of Covid-19 disease and the social order of social distancing have had different effects on different crimes. During the outbreak of this disease, all the crimes studied in the present study in Tehran province decreased and only the crime of drug addiction increased. The change in crime rates, both in Tehran province and in different cities of this province, varies depending on the type of crime. Findings confirm that social constraints have changed the patterns of daily activities and the opportunity structures created as a result of these changes have changed the crime rate. These findings underscore the need for public awareness of the increased risk of domestic violence, especially child abuse during outbreaks, the need to strengthen education on how to respond more effectively and safely to social emergency requests, and the encouragement of domestic violence reporting, provide facilities for faster reporting of domestic violence and child abuse, launch online social assistance services, build happy television programs, and increase alternative forms of empowering community observers.

With the arrival of the new era, the Persian Gulf, like all eastern lands, faced a new problem. With the presence of Portugal, Spain, France, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom in the region, the old order and balance faced new and unprecedented opposition, and as a result new political, military, and trade relations were established that upset that balance. Eventually, after defeating rivals and absolute sovereignty over India and then the Persian Gulf, Britain became the absolute ruler of this canal.The result was the absolute domination of foreigners over the region. Since then, in order to maintain its presence, the United Kingdom has tried to provide a legitimate picture of its presence in the region and to present a new historiography of the Persian Gulf by presenting an English account of the developments in this region.If the first issue was an objective issue, from here on, mental and epistemological issues arose because a new image of the Persian Gulf was presented, which challenged the old image. The research findings, which are based on a combination of comparative and rational methods, show that despite providing a lot of information, the presented image not only does not correspond to the historical facts of the Persian Gulf and the situation in the region during the creation of these works. Orientalism and the interests of the British East India Company.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the agility of independent armored brigades of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran after the implementation of the Samen project. "The sample size was selected from the general statistical community and the community of experts related to the structural area of ​​the Samen project and their experiences in various categories of armor and armor units. By studying sources, books, documents, documents and studying the opinions of relevant experts and experts in Nezaja and Aja, while explaining the dimensions of agility (responsiveness, flexibility and speed of action) indicators of agility from the perspective of experts and internal and external sources are reviewed and summarized and analyzed. Finally, while identifying the agility indicators, their impact on the agility of armored units in the comprehensive plan of Nezaja, solutions to overcome the challenges and operational problems and vulnerabilities of the Samen plan were presented.

Subject and Purpose of the Article: 

The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize internal and external factors affecting the audit Quality of the Court of Audit based on a combination of SWOT-ANP-DEMATEL techniques.

The method of this research is based on the applied purpose and the nature of a descriptive research. The study population consisted of 16 experts of the Court of Accounts and sample during the years 2017 to 2018 and the  sampling method is purposeful. A interview and questionnaire was used to collect research data and DEMATEL and ANP techniques were used to weight and prioritize SWOT indicators.

The results show that according to the output of Super Decision software, the criterion of weakness has the highest priority among the main criteria and the index of rapid change, lack of transparency and non-reform of laws and regulations of the country has the highest priority among all existing sub-criteria.

Conclusion, Originality and its Contribution to the Knowledge:

 Conclusion that the most important factors affecting the audit Quality of the Court of Audit are paying attention to weaknesses, reforming, clarifying and rationalizing supervisory laws and procedures along with the use of new technologies and efficient manpower and establishing an appropriate payment and  appreciation system.

The Persian Gulf, as Iran's sea route to the world and vice versa, has been under the political, cultural and economic sovereignty of Iran for most of history. This rule was the natural and logical consequence of the action of the largest country on the northern shores of the Persian Gulf in defense of its existence and security, which has taken place unequivocally in most historical periods. With the rise of colonialism and the arrival of European colonial powers; Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, and Britain opposed the Persian Gulf, Iranian sovereignty in the Persian Gulf, and confronted Iran with one of the greatest problems of the modern era. Continuation of this led to the reduction of Iran's power and the further consolidation of British power, and eventually the undisputed power of this country throughout the Persian Gulf in the Qajar era. With the British invasion of the Iranian coast and the capture of Bushir during the Herat War, the conflict with Iranian rule in the Persian Gulf and the de-Iranianization of this great waterway reached its peak. From then on, the reaction and extensive efforts of the Iranians to maintain sovereignty in the Persian Gulf and promote its place in the Iranian mentality began through the production of concepts, meanings and ideas appropriate to the new era in the form of a new Persian Gulf discourse. The findings of this study, based on a combination of causal-rational method, show that the Qajar period press played the main role in promoting the position of the Persian Gulf from natural areas to "member of the body of the body of Iran" in the form of a new Persian Gulf discourse.

A careful look at human life throughout history reveals that war and conflict have been with man from the very beginning of creation, and is an integral part of his life. Regional conflicts and the proliferation and use technologies in recent wars show that the breadth, characteristics and complexities of war environments require the necessity of scientific, rational and systematic thinking and reviewing for defense, and this preparedness is achieved by having a proper understanding of the future wars and providing national resources and capacities tailored to its needs. Without a doubt, the mobilization of national resources and capacities to support future wars will have a significant impact on its fate. Depending on the internal and external conditions, as well as the type and nature of the threats ahead, the mobilization of national resources varies in terms of enemy threats and the occurrence of war, so can have different effects. This study aims to explore the impact of mobilizing national facilities and resources in future wars. The research method in this study is deductive and functional in terms of functionality and the data collected has been analyzed quantitatively through mixed method, in addition to library and documentary studies, then its results have been used in a qualitative method. According to the findings, mobilizing national resources can provide commanders an unparalleled capacity, firstly to develop deterrence, and secondly to alter the fate of the battle for their own advantage in case of war. Finally, the researcher has provided some practical suggestions.

 Accurate and rapid measurement of cardiorespiratory system performance by estimation methods regardless of basic physiological fitness level, geographical environment, culture and nutrition is of paramount importance. The purpose of this study was to design linear regression equations to estimate the aerobic capacity of healthy adolescent boys without the use of sport tests and validation of this equations.

In the present semi-experimental study, 156 healthy adolescent boys aged 13 to 17 years with a mean body mass index of 21.43 ± 4.5 Kg / m2 were selected by purposive sampling method. To design the non-sport equation for estimating maximum oxygen consumption (VO2peak), a multiple regression linear model and Pearson correlation were used to validate the equations.

Significant correlations were observed between the measured VO2peak and the anthropometric and physiological variables (R=0.122 - 0.799, P<0.001). Also, a valid non-exercise linear equation for boyschr('39') VO2peak prediction was designed with variables such as age, BMI and resting heart rate (SEE = 3.59 mL/kg/min, R2 = 0.712, P<0.001). The estimated VO2peak from equations had a significant correlation with the obtained criterion value. (R = 0.707 – 0.730, P<0.01).

According to the results of the present study, it is possible to use aerobic capacity estimation equations, is a simple, accurate, safe tool in assessing the baseline cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak). The use of non-Exercise equations in the planning of exercise in large populations of adolescent boys and even as a daily clinical practice in the elderly and heart patients with the goals of promoting health, cardiovascular health, preventive actions is very important.

Sulfate is one of the chemical pollutants in water that can cause adverse health effects such as digestive and blood problems at high concentrations in humans. Conversion of sulfate to substances such as hydrogen sulfide can corrode metal pipes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of electrochemical sulfate removal using a sandwich panel carbon cloth electrode with stainless steel mesh.

In this laboratory study, the electrochemical process including of carbon cloth electrode was used to remove sulfate from synthetic wastewater. Stainless steel mesh base was utilized to increase the conductivity of the carbon cloth electrode. The effects of variables such as sulfate concentration, pH value, current density and contact time were investigated. The standard method of turbidity assay using barium chloride was used to determine sulfate concentration. Based on the obtained results, mean and standard deviation were determined and data analysis was done by Student t-test.

The obtained results indicated that the optimum conditions for sulfate removal were pH 9, 100 mg/L initial sulfate concentration, current density of 20 mA/s2 during 90 min. 93.21%  efficiency was obtained for the sulfate removal. Increasing the current density, the contact time and initial pH value, the sulfate removal efficiency increased.

The obtained results showed that the electrochemical process including sandwich panel of carbon cloth with stainless steel electrode is an efficient and effective process for removal of sulfate from aqueous solution which can be utilized continuously due to no corrosion of carbon cloth electrode.

Ciprofloxacin is an emerging and degradable pollutant that cannot be efficiently removed by common water and wastewater treatment processes. Electro-Fenton process is one of the most effective processes for the treatment of these compounds. Hence, the present study aimed to remove ciprofloxacin by Electro-Fenton method with heterogeneous catalysts, Fe+2 and Fe+3.

In this laboratory study, a reactor with 250 ml capacity, containing two mesh stainless steel (1×8cm) with a spacing of 2 centimeters, was used to remove ciprofloxacin. The effect of different factors such as ciprofloxacin concentration, current density, catalyst concentration and reaction time were investigated. Sampling was performed using spectrophotometer at 275 nm. One-factor method was used to design the experiments.

The highest removal rate of ciprofloxacin in the presence of two iron sources, magnetite nanoparticles and iron sulfate, under optimal initial concentration of ciprofloxacin 20 mg/L, catalyst concentration=1 g/L, current density=120 mA, hydrogen peroxide concentration=100 mg/L, contact time= 45 minutes and pH=3 were 97.89 % and 99.99%, respectively.

The results showed that Electro-Fenton process can remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions, but it is recommended to use magnetite nanoparticles as iron sources due to recycling and reuse possibility of nanoparticles.

The olive oil industry wastewater contains significant amounts of oil and this can cause serious problems if it is discharged into the wastewater treatment system, so the oil in the wastewater must be removed and seperated prior to any action. Therefore, the oil in the sewage should be removed and separated prior to taking any measure. There are several ways to remove oil. According to the above, in the present study, the efficiency of the electro coagulation process in reducing soluble COD synthetic wastewater containing olive oil was investigated.

In this study, iron and galvanized electrodes were used. Firstly, the optimum values of current density, initial pH, and electrolyte concentration were determined. Thereafter, the effect of time variations on electrode corrosion, voltage, decreased COD concentration, and energy consumption was investigated. The kinetics of Grade 1, Grade 2, and WeberMorris were also investigated for two electrodes.

The maximum removal efficiency of soluble COD was obtained at 99% for iron and galvanized electrodes at a current density of 12.5 mA/cm 2, electrolyte concentration of 400 mg / l, initial pH 7, and reaction time. The electrical energy consumption in these conditions for these two electrodes was measured at 28.5 and 46.25 KWhr/m3, respectively. Finally, kinetics models, including pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Weber Morris, were investigated for these two electrodes. The results revealed that the highest correlation coefficient for both electrodes was related to the pseudo-second-order model.

Although galvanized electrode is more efficient in the reduction of soluble COD concentration, as compared to iron electrode, it consumes more electrical energy. Therefore, the type of electrode must be selected according to the purpose.

The mission of combat medicine is to provide health and medical support for the military personnel in case of dangers, injuries and diseases caused by their tasks. The combat medicine sevices contribute to preserving the forces’ health and increasing their combat power. The main aim of this research is to identify the characteristics of military medicine with respect to the the requirements of future combat environment. It seeks to answer the question: “What will combat power be like to respond to the requirements of future combat environment?”. Regarding its subject, it is an applied research conducted in a descriptive method with a mixed (quantitative and qualitative) approach. The data collection was done with a field and library method using the existing documents, interviews with experts and questionnairs. The statistical population of the research, obtained from applying a classification coefficient, contains 600 people from which the sample population was summed up to 120 using the Cochran formula. The findings, with a 5% rate of error, indicate that there is a direct and significant relation between military medicine and the requierments of future combat. The results of the research showed that treatment acts require that we equip the medical units with modern systems portable by the soldiers and suitable for the treatment of injuries resulted from laser, phosphorus and depleted uranium weapons as well as emphasis on tele-medicine and maximum medical actions in the battle field. It is essential to offer all types health services including prevention, relief, treatment and rehabilitation in compliance with concealment, camouflage and cover and as close to the battle scene as possible

One of the common phenomena on the coasts of the Persian Gulf has always been the movement of human communities during various historical periods.The rise and fall of Bandar Lengeh in the Persian Gulf region is an example of such frequent historical movements on these eventful coasts. This port, which was made during the late years of the Afsharid period, developed such a high status over a very short time and during the first half of the Qajar period that it was called half of the world, a unique port, and sometimes Pearl Port. However, it collapsed during the late Qajar period. The present study investigates the reasons for the rise and fall of this port following an analytic-historical method. The findings indicate that, in the Qajar era, Bandar Lengeh was one of the important centers for the gathering of the local tradesmen of coastal regions and some hinterlands such as Larestan and, through relying on hunting and exporting pearls as well as exporting other goods to other ports of the Persian Gulf, attained a supreme place among the ports of the two sides of this waterway. However, the flourishing period of Bandar Lengeh was short and, during the reign of Mozaffarad-Din Shah Qajar and after the legislation of some new customs laws, the process of its decline began. During the early years of the reign of Pahlavi Dynasty, with the expansion of smuggling and insecurity in the hinterlands of this port, there remained no trace of the progress and prosperity of Bandar Lengeh as one of the important ports of the Persian Gulf.