عباس نقی زاده باقی

Given donors' significant capacity and potential to contribute to sports infrastructure development in the country, identifying suitable and practical Solutions for leveraging this capacity is of utmost importance. Therefore, this research aims to identify Solutions for utilizing donors' capacity in sports infrastructure development.

This qualitative study employed a thematic analysis approach, utilizing content analysis as an exploratory technique. The study population consisted of sports experts, managers, and individuals engaged in sports donors. Purposeful and snowball sampling methods were employed, and data saturation was achieved through 17 interviews. Semi-structured interviews were conducted either in person or via telephone. Validity and reliability were ensured through acceptability, transferability, confirmability, and retest.

The data analysis yielded 42 open codes, categorized into nine sub-themes. Ultimately, the sub-themes were classified into five main themes: legal and structural reforms, improvement of management and planning, transformation and enhancement of public culture, strengthening of information dissemination and awareness, and economic support and incentives. The findings of this research present a comprehensive set of effective Solutions and tools for maximizing donors' participation in sports infrastructure development. Sports organizations and donors can make the most of this valuable capacity by employing these Solutions.

Originality: 

The research findings provide insights into philanthropists' motivations, challenges, and potential contributions to advancing sports development initiatives. The study also proposes an innovative framework for effectively engaging and collaborating with donors to drive sports infrastructure growth.

Sport plays a significant role in health promotion, quality of life enhancement, and empowerment of individuals and society. Public inclination towards sports necessitates the continuous development of sports facilities, equipment, and spaces, as the quantity and quality of such infrastructure directly influence the expansion of sporting activities within the community. One of the primary challenges in developing sports infrastructure is the reduction of governmental financial resources.In these circumstances, attracting support and financial contributions from donors for the construction and improvement of sports facilities appears essential. Donors allocate a portion of their assets for philanthropic purposes, which may include land, buildings, equipment, and financial resources. In the realm of sports, donors can play a crucial role in developing sports infrastructure, such as stadiums, halls, and playing fields, by financing construction and renovation projects.However, to effectively harness donors' capacity in this domain, it is necessary to adopt appropriate strategies, such as fostering coordination and collaboration between the government and donors, conducting precise needs assessments and project prioritization, encouraging donors to engage in underprivileged areas, and strengthening the culture of philanthropy in sports. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to identify efficient strategies for optimal utilization of donors' capacity in developing the country's sports infrastructure.

The present study is qualitative and exploratory and employs thematic analysis. The statistical sample comprised several active donors in the sports domain, senior sports managers with experience collaborating with sports donors, and university professors who are experts in this field. Purposive and snowball sampling were utilized, and theoretical saturation was achieved after 23 interviews. Initial interview questions were formulated based on the research background and intended objectives, with additional questions incorporated depending on interview conditions. Each interview concluded by posing an open-ended question to interviewees, such as "Do you think there is anything that has not been asked about?" Interview durations ranged from 20 to 30 minutes. Following the interviews, thematic analysis was applied to extract strategies for utilizing donors' capacity in developing the country's sports infrastructure.To validate the study's findings, Lincoln and Guba's (1985) evaluative criteria were employed as a framework for assessing qualitative research quality. These criteria include credibility, transferability, and dependability, which correspond to the conventional concepts in quantitative research known as internal validity, external validity, and reliability or trustworthiness, respectively. To calculate interview reliability, the intra-topical agreement method was used. The test-retest reliability of the interviews in this study, calculated using the aforementioned formula, exceeded 0.81. Given that the reliability coefficient is greater than 0.60 (Stemler, 2001), the trustworthiness of the coding is confirmed and deemed acceptable.

Following coding based on thematic analysis, 41 sub-themes were extracted and categorized into 8 secondary themes and 4 main themes, comprising participatory and interaction strategies, supportive strategies, cultural and promotional strategies, and operational and guidance strategies. It is noteworthy that secondary themes were derived after repeated examination of interviews, subsequently informing the formation of main themes.Results were classified into 4 categories: participatory and interaction strategies (themes of participatory strategies, transparency, and trust-building strategies), supportive strategies (themes of financial and investment strategies, motivational and supportive strategies), cultural and promotional strategies (themes of cultural development and awareness-raising strategies, benchmarking strategies), and operational and guidance strategies (themes of executive strategies, managerial strategies).The Shannon matrix indicates the frequency and relative importance of key identifiers recognized in this study from the perspective of the samples under investigation. Based on collected data, motivational and supportive strategies, with a coefficient of 58, held the highest importance. Subsequently, cultural development and awareness-raising strategies, with a coefficient of 55, and transparency and trust-building strategies, with a coefficient of 48, were highly prioritized according to participants' views. Furthermore, participatory strategies with a coefficient of 42, managerial strategies with 24, financial and investment strategies with 18, and finally, executive and benchmarking strategies with a coefficient of 8 had the lowest relative importance. This priority order may indicate the significance and special emphasis of research participants on motivational, cultural, and transparency strategies for engaging donors in sports infrastructure development.

Overall, based on the findings of this research, to optimally utilize donors' capacity in developing the country's sports infrastructure, a multifaceted and comprehensive approach should be adopted. This approach must encompass a set of participatory and interactive strategies, supportive strategies, cultural and promotional strategies, and operational and guidance strategies. Initially, involving donors in decision-making, considering their opinions, maintaining continuous interaction, and ensuring transparency of actions are of paramount importance. Subsequently, motivating donors through recognition and encouragement appears essential. Alongside these factors, cultural development and awareness-raising in society to promote donors' participation in sports, as well as benchmarking from others' experiences, should be taken into account. Finally, implementing operational and managerial strategies such as organizing sports events, presenting attractive projects, designing a donors' charter, capacity building, and permit exemptions are crucial for attracting and guiding donors' participation. In sum, by simultaneously and coordinately employing these strategies across various dimensions, the valuable capacity of donors can be harnessed towards developing the country's sports infrastructure, taking fundamental and effective steps in this direction. The findings of this study can serve as a roadmap for managers and policymakers in the sports domain for optimal utilization of donors' capacity.

Undoubtedly, the sustainable and all-round development of organizations depends on the presence of a competent management team at the head of those organizations. The governance of meritocracy in administrative institutions causes many transformations and changes and, as a result, promotes human capital and the development of countries. Establishing a meritocracy system in organizations can lead to ensuring social justice, increasing motivation, dynamism, creativity, innovation, and mobility of managers, reducing administrative and financial corruption, increasing organizational productivity and optimal use of departmental budgets, and developing human capital. The meritocracy approach is one of the most effective and efficient approaches to creating group cohesion in the organization. By using this approach, the organization can take steps as a coherent system to advance its anticipated goals. Also, the meritocracy approach aimed at employing competent forces seeks to ensure that high-level managers of sports organizations have the necessary expertise, ability, and competencies to prevent corruption, various abuses, and waste of resources while increasing productivity in these organizations. Therefore, it is very important to employ people in suitable positions with their abilities, especially in sports organizations that have their conditions in the form of a meritocracy system. Examining the current conditions in the sports field of the country shows that there are many problems and obstacles in the management of sports organizations and the proper management of human resources. The absence of specific rules and framework in the employment of sports managers, political work and game politics in sports, unnecessary administrative bureaucracy, instability in managerial positions with the transfer of governments, lack of performance clarification, lack of meritocracy culture in sports, downplaying the issue of sports, lack of sportsmanship of high-ranking managers of organizations sports, etc. can be considered among the challenges in the path of meritocracy in sports organizations. Therefore, the purpose of the current research was to investigate the effective factors on the optimal management of sports organizations with a meritocracy approach.

Design/ methodology/ approach: 

The research method is of a qualitative type, which is considered practical in terms of its purpose, and it is an exploratory type of research in which a thematic analysis method is used. The research community was formed by the senior managers of sports organizations and faculty members of the sports management field of the country's universities. A non-probability targeted sampling method was used to select the interviewees. The research sample included 21 senior managers of sports organizations and sports management professors in the country. To collect data, a semi-structured interview with experts was used, which continued until theoretical saturation. MAXQDA20 software was used to analyze the interviews. Also, in the current research, the method of agreement between coders and determination of the Feliss Cappa coefficient were used to calculate reliability. Finally, the Feliss Cappa is 0/70. It was found that there is good agreement between the coders.

 Based on the findings of the research, the effective factors on the optimal management of sports organizations with a meritocracy approach, including 132 open codes, were obtained, which were placed in 16 subcategories. From the obtained subcategories, 7 core categories were obtained, which include: individual factors (general competencies, intellectual competencies, belief competencies, political competencies, scientific-specialist competencies, management competencies, communication competencies, economic competencies), political factors, economic factors (economic conditions), legal factors (legislation, rule of law), social factors, cultural factors, and organizational factors.

Limitations & Consequences: 

Unfortunately, it was observed that part of the research community was not at the head of sports organizations based on meritocracy. Also, the findings of this research were only related to sports organizations and cannot be generalized to other organizations.

Practical Consequences: 

The findings of this research can practically pave the way for success and achieving goals in these organizations by providing a coherent framework of effective factors on the optimal management of sports organizations with a meritocracy approach. The growth and success of the country's sports organizations will undoubtedly lead to the elevation of the country's sports in all aspects.

Innovation or value of the Article: 

The subject of the research has not been studied in the country so far, and this research was investigated for the first time in sports organizations.

Today, the sports industry is an indispensable part of the economy, playing an essential role in both the practical and spectacular sectors, in the production and use of sports equipment and services, and in the development of the national economic sector. In today's world, the long-term survival of a business depends on its strength and ability to successfully introduce its new products to the market. The establishment of some companies in the sports industry has made it important to develop new products in this industry and create entrepreneurship and employment. Attention to the sports industry and the abilities of this industry to develop and expand entrepreneurship and create new businesses related to sports in Iran has created a suitable field. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of sports knowledge-based companies on entrepreneurship and the development of sports products.

The research was an applied study in terms of the objective and a descriptive survey in terms of data collection and analysis. The statistical population was made up of all managers and experts of sports-related knowledge-based companies in Tehran, which amounted to 43 companies based on the information obtained from Tehran Science and Technology Park, and all were selected as the research sample. The data collection instrument was a standard questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by management professors and whose reliability was endorsed by previous studies. Descriptive statistics (e.g., frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and structural equations were used for analysis using SPSS and AMOS software packages.

The findings showed that all absolute and relative fit indices were at a very good level. Also, the RMSEA fit index was 0.048. Therefore, the model had a good fit. Also, knowledge-based companies were found to promote the culture of sports entrepreneurship and innovation in producing new products in the sports industry. On the other hand, the impact factor of sports knowledge-based companies was 57% on sports entrepreneurship, 24% on the development of sports products, and 75% on the development of sports products.

Conclusion/ Implications: 

It can be drawn from the results that it is necessary to lay the ground for the establishment and expansion of knowledge-based sports companies to promote sports-related businesses and the production of sports products, goods, and equipment. Furthermore, the establishment of companies in the field of entrepreneurship and sports, the application of innovative technologies and systems, and the development of sports equipment and products with innovative and developmental capabilities can contribute to the sustainable development of sports activities and the creation of new business and economic opportunities in this industry.

The purpose of this study is to identify the lived experience of sports science students of universities in Ardabil province regarding the quality of education during the corona disease.

The research was qualitative in terms of approach and its method was phenomenological, and the statistical population of this research consists of all sports science students of universities in Ardabil province. Using the purposeful sampling method, 12 participants were selected until theoretical saturation was reached. In this study, the external referee method was used to check the validity of the research, and also to check the reliability according to Silverman's opinion, three experts coded the data and the coding results of more than 82% of the open codes were the same. Let the interview research be semi-structured and while ensuring confidentiality, all interviews were recorded and then implemented and coded using MAXQDA20 software.

The findings of the research indicated that the lived experience of sports science students of Ardabil province universities was extracted in the form of three components of the virtual education system, which includes the input, process and output parts of the virtual education system of sports science students it is during the Corona era.

Therefore, it can be concluded that for more effective education, infrastructural background and more training of students and universities themselves, preparation of educational content information and special measures for students in distant cities should be done.

The objective of this study is to explore the obstacles and challenges faced by educational sports in Iran. Based on the research objective, a systematic review of articles in the field of educational sports was conducted. We focused on identifying problems and limitations in this field, as well as highlighting keywords related to educational sports, physical sports, school sports, educational sports challenges, limitations, weaknesses, health and physical education in schools or universities. The search was conducted from 2010 to 2023 in the country. To conduct this study, we searched for related articles using keywords in specialized databases such as Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, Meg Iran, Noor Megs, and SID. The selected articles had to meet certain inclusion criteria: they needed to be in Persian or Iranian, published in prestigious domestic and foreign scientific research journals, and be related to educational sports and the examination of its harms and weaknesses in the country. Based on these inclusion criteria, we identified 109 articles in the field. After reviewing the articles that were not relevant to the main purpose of this study, we excluded them from the analysis. Finally, we selected 22 articles that were completely relevant and consistent with our research objective. These articles focused on educational sports and provided insights into their harms and limitations. The findings revealed that the country's educational sports face weaknesses and problems across seven dimensions: inadequate sports facilities and equipment, weaknesses in the educational system, deficiencies in the management system, limitations and non-specialist nature of human resources, financial constraints, environmental or cultural factors, and individual factors. The research findings indicate that the state of educational sports in the country has deficiencies and restrictions that need to be addressed through new plans and codification. Therefore, in order to promote educational sports, there is a need for comprehensive and effective planning. Encouraging children's interest in sports at school is crucial as it cultivates a positive attitude towards it in the future. Presently, the lack of physical activity is a major contributing factor to the rise of diseases and bodily abnormalities, emphasizing the urgent need to address this issue.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between the brand personality of sports teams and the level of women's tendency to play volleyball in Ardabil city. This research was applied in terms of objective and descriptive method, it was a correlation which was conducted in the form of a survey. The statistical population of this research included managers and coaches. and volleyball sports experts, who were 120 people according to the statistics and information center of the Department of Sports and Youth, as well as physical training of Ardabil city, and women volleyball players, who were 536 people based on the information obtained from the volleyball board, in this research, a sampling of managers And the coaches were selected as a whole number and the required sample was 120 people, and a sampling of women volleyball players was selected based on the Krejci-Morgan table in the number of 226 people. The measurement tool includes the standard brand personality questionnaire created by Jones (2009) and also the researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure the level of tendency towards volleyball. The validity, content and form of the questionnaires were confirmed by 5 sports management professors and then the reliability of the questionnaires was obtained by Cronbach's alpha 0.70 for the brand personality questionnaire and 0.87 for the volleyball orientation questionnaire. For data analysis in the section Descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used, and in the inferential statistics section, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to measure the normality of the data, and the non-parametric Spearman test and the regression test were used to test the hypotheses. The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the brand personality of sports teams and their components with the level of women's inclination towards volleyball. Therefore, it can be concluded that the more and higher the brand personality of sports teams is, the more women tend to play volleyball.

Native and local games of Isfahan province have faced stagnation in the past years, and based on the evidence, this valuable cultural heritage has been forgotten over time, which has caused concern for the people of the province. Therefore, the purpose of the present research identify the factors affecting the development of native and local games in Isfahan province.

The approach of this study is qualitative and its strategy is phenomenology. Its statistical population was made up of all university professors and experts and veterans and departments of cultural heritage, education and culture, Islamic culture and guidance, sports and youth affairs, as well as the public sports and local native games board of Isfahan province. In this study, theoretical saturation was reached with ten interviews. The sample was selected purposefully. The research tool was a semi-structured interview, and using MAXQDA20 software, the data was open and axially coded. To check the validity of the research, the external referee method was used, and two external referees monitored the research. Also, to check the reliability after three experts coded the data, the agreement reliability between the coders was used, and the Cohen's kappa reliability coefficient was used between the raters. And the researcher was above 0.90 in all the interviews, which indicates the reliability of the analysis.

The findings of the research showed that finally 102 codes were identified as factors influencing the development of local indigenous games in Isfahan province, which were classified into 20 subcategories and 6 main categories. These 6 factors, in order of importance, include organizational factors, cultural factors, social factors, infrastructure factors, human factors and economic factors.

In order to develop the local native games, the managers of the related departments of the province have considered the priorities mentioned in this research in their plans to promote and promote the local native games in the province.On the other hand, with the boom of local native games among people, different people play local native games in different situations, such as before official games or family gatherings or other cases. This work increases the morale of people and makes them enjoy their time.

The aim of the research was to design a model for the use of new technologies in the development of sport for all in Iran. This current research was of applied and qualitative type based on grounded theory with Strauss and Corbin approach. The statistical population included selected professors of sports management of universities and managers of general sports and youth departments and sports federations. Sampling was done in a targeted way with two primary samples and its volume was determined to be 15 people based on information saturation. The data collection method in this research was field-type and using semi-structured interviews, and three-stage coding (open, central, selective) was used for data analysis. The results of the research showed that the causal factors of the use of new technologies in the development of sport for all in Iran are the lifestyle, the target community and the need of sport for all for new technology, its underlying factors include infrastructural, managerial, cultural and geographical factors, its intervening factors include economic factors, Political and socio-cultural and its strategies include educational strategies, management strategies, culture building, research strategies and financial strategies, which ultimately cause consequences including sports development, scientific development, economic development, health development and international development. Therefore, the principled and appropriate application of new technologies and attention to effective factors will lead to the development of sport for all in various ways.

Professional sports are among the vital factors in development of sports industry in different countries. Moving towards development in these complexities, without having a plan that can cope with complexities and environmental changes is not destined. 

professional sports has multiple trustees, key players and stakeholders, in this research, using Mactor future research software, the degree of influence and effectiveness of key players on each other, as well as identifying the position of each player in relation to the goals of the field of professional sports was investigated and suitable strategies were presented. 12 sports management experts, who were selected in a completely objective manner, completed the actor-actor and actor-goals matrices. Mactor software was used for data analysis. 

In the map of the relationship between goals and actors, the relationship and distance of each of the actors and goals was determined that the media is close by facilitating international procedures for players, coaches and clubs. Government and custodian institutions to facilitate investment and representation of international organizations, mediators for sports activism, sponsors who play a role in macro-politics and the Ministry of Sports and Youth, CEOs, coaches and players, executive staff, powerful people and managers An industry for financial support, playing a role in the sports industry and demanding for public opinion are very close.

According to the general achievements of the research, it seems that if the key players play their effective role in accordance with the goals, we can witness the promotion of the brand and performance of professional clubs.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the Impact between satisfaction and the intention to purchase electronics of sports store customers with the mediation of customer loyalty. The intended statistical population included all customers using electronic sports goods across the country. G-power software was used to estimate the statistical sample. For this purpose, the statistical sample used was 479 people. The tool of the present research was the usage questionnaire. For this purpose, 3 standard questionnaires including Darzi and Bhatt's customer satisfaction questionnaire (2018), Zuhir et al.'s customer loyalty questionnaire (2011) and Chatura and et al.'s (2008) electronic purchase intention questionnaire were used. The method of conducting this research was causal relationship, which is a type of applied research. In this research, descriptive statistics methods including central tendency indices and dispersion indices and inferential statistics methods including Pearson correlation and structural equations were used at the alpha level of 0.05. SPSS26 software was used for data analysis and PLS3 software was used for modeling structural equations. The results indicate that customer satisfaction has a significant causal relationship with customers' purchase intentions. Also, loyalty as a mediator has a more effective role on customers' purchase intention. Finally, the communication model of customer satisfaction, customer purchase intention, and customer loyalty has a good fit. Paying attention to the findings of the research, managers of sports stores that provide services electronically can first look for customer satisfaction in order to become loyal customers so that the purchase intention among customers increases.

Identifying and implementing sustainable development and green management solutions is critical in designing and constructing football stadiums. These solutions ultimately reduce negative environmental, energy, and resource efficiency impacts, improve air quality, and improve the experience for football fans and beneficiaries. In this direction, the present research was conducted to identify sustainable development and green management solutions in the design of football stadiums. The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and was performed using a qualitative method and a descriptive phenomenological approach. The community participating in the study were experts related to the subject, 17 of whom were selected as research samples in 2023. The sampling method was purposeful. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview with open questions. MaxQda software version 20 was used to review and categorize the information. The validity, transferability, trustworthiness, and verifiability criteria were used to determine validity and reliability. by detailing and analyzing the findings obtained from the information of the participants in the research: Solutions for Sustainable Development and Green Management in the Design of Football Stadiums, including 54 sub-themes in the form of 7 main themes of optimizing energy consumption, development of recycling, transportation, monitoring and evaluation, education and culture, development of infrastructure and green materials. Finally, it is suggested to all relevant officials in the construction, development, and equipping of sports venues to use the concepts expressed in this research to comply with the principles of sustainable development in sports venues, especially football stadiums.

As societies progress and become more complex, policy-making has increasingly revealed its shortcomings and inefficiencies. Among the causes of these inefficiencies, we can mention reductionism, misunderstanding of uncertainties and desire to achieve certainty, evolution of new patterns of cognition and oversimplification of the complexities of the human world.. Foresight is one of the fields of knowledge that is based on comprehensiveness and participation. Foresight means uncovering something that can make a systematic or fundamental difference in the coming years. One of the environments that is constantly exposed to many changes and has many uncertainties is the sports environment. In sports organizations, development is considered a fundamental issue and the concept of development in sports has an unbreakable link with the component of sustainable income generation. It can cause the development of sports and finally the development of income generation in Iranian sports. The current research is considered as a descriptive (non-experimental) research. This research is a compilation of internal and external stakeholders of drivers and uncertainties affecting the sustainable income generation of professional sports clubs in Iran based on purposeful sampling and snowball selection, and finally the findings indicate that It is that the increase of the sports budget and a better economic and financial view of professional sports and the presence of sponsors in the form of government sponsors or sometimes private sponsors are among the most important drivers of professional sports clubs.

The purpose of this research is to identify the characteristics of effective leaders of sports organizations. The research method was qualitative and based on phenomenology. The statistical population of the research was the professors of the academic faculties of the country's universities, who had leadership and management experience in sports organizations. The validity and reliability of the research was confirmed through the indicators of credibility, transferability, trustworthiness and verifiability. After step-by-step coding based on the phenomenological method, 77 sub-themes were obtained, which were divided into 9 topics: leader's power, leader's personality, leader's views, leader's behavior, leader's communication, leader's ethics, leader's skills, members' views towards the leader. , leader's actions were placed as the characteristics of effective leaders of sports organizations. The results of the research showed that the characteristics of effective leaders in sport organizations are power (charismatic power, expert power, etc.), personality (self-confidence, vision, etc.), leader's views (belief in change, perspective idealistic and...) leader's behavior (appropriate body posture, extra-role behaviors, etc.) leader's communication (good relations with subordinates, etc.) , technical, etc.) is the view of the members towards the leader (the acceptability and cooperation of the members, etc.) and the actions of the leader (strategic planning and evaluation right under the hands, etc.).

Managing partner relations in the football federation includes establishing and maintaining a positive relationship with stakeholders. Also, the football federation should have a more effective relationship with its leading partners to develop the organizational brand, increase trust and cooperation with stakeholders, reduce conflicts, and finally develop football. In this regard, the present study aimed to express the consequences of using partner relationship management in the football federation.

The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and was conducted using a qualitative method using a descriptive phenomenological approach. The participants in the study included 23 experts related to the subject. The sampling method was purposeful and snowball. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, and the coding steps were done in MaxQda version 20 software. Validity, transferability, trustworthiness and verifiability criteria were used to determine validity and reliability.

 The consequences of using partner relationship management in the football federation, including 87 sub-themes in the form of 8 main themes of monitoring and evaluation development, communication development, financial development, development of goods and services, development of common goals, development of stakeholder information, development of organizational performance and brand development is the beneficiary.

By establishing effective relationships with the main partners, the football federation can help develop the brand and increase trust and cooperation with the stakeholders, and as a result, the football federation can progress at the international level.

The progression of atherosclerosis, which is the main cause of many heart surgeries, find it far more quickly with diabetes because diabetes is the production of c-peptide that causes increased permeability is increased vascular Intimal layer regresses. On the information obtained through x-ray Angio in diabetics the Central plaque is composed of the Atrium and most of the patients with acute coronary syndrome and a heart attack. More than half of diabetics eventually suffer heart symptoms and more than 30 percent of them will eventually need surgery for the annual three million that the world's heart surgery is done when two million people suffering from diabetes and a million people suffering from diabetes and blood pressure simultaneously. Increase insulin Hyperglycemia omghaomet mortality and respiratory cardiac arrest in all diabetic patients.

A descriptive cross-sectional study : the patient's transplant surgery under the oriented 200 coronary artery disease from the time of admission to the special care unit until a clearance incidence of clinical implications of blood sugar with a glucose infusion and sc in two ways. And in terms of glycemic control and alertness and infection after arterial blood gas changes and acid and Ventilator device for connection to the death, and stay in the special section in the control of blood sugar with plows and postoperative infusion about comparisons and reviews. The information in the check-list was collected by a registered researcher. And using the analytical and descriptive statistics and SPSS software version 15 analysis.

in this study, the relationship between significant statistically the pattern was not observed in patients prescribed on this first hypothesis verification research because it was near the average of the blood sugar in the group a significant correlation between Hypokalemia. And acidosand longterm icu unit a with blood sugar was seen striking the infusion group., and the first to accept the significant relationship between the blood sugar and Intubation more than 24 hours and bolous was seen,..

Considering the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in people working with clinical signs of enteritis, gastric infection, it can be stated that Helicobacter pylori has an important role in causing enteritis and as a carcinogen in the studied samples. Due to the presence of bacteria that can be transmitted to others, it is necessary to identify and treat human carriers.

The purpose of the research was to investigate the mediating role of information literacy in the impact of modern educational technology on the improvement of human resources (case study: physical education teachers in Karaj).

descriptive-analytical research method was field method. The current research population is 683 physical education teachers in Karaj. The sample size of the present study was determined by using Morgan's table of 246 people. The sampling method of the above research was stratified random. The measurement tools included new educational technology questionnaires (Yavoz, 2005), human resources improvement questionnaire (Volba and Jansen, 2010) and information literacy questionnaire (Siamak and Daverpanah, 2015). The content and form validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by the professors and then the Cronbach's alpha reliability of the modern educational technology questionnaire was 0.70, the Cronbach's alpha reliability of the human resources improvement questionnaire was 0.81, and the Cronbach's alpha reliability of the information literacy questionnaire was 0.76. In order to analyze the data of the present research, structural equation modeling method was used. The entire process of analysis was done using spss19 and Amose23 software.

The findings of the research showed that information literacy plays a mediating role in the impact of modern educational technology on the improvement of human resources.

Therefore, it can be concluded that if human resources have sufficient information literacy, modern educational technology can create an environment that enriches the educational environment, skills, behavior, learning style and improvement of human resources.

The new situation caused by the corona outbreak has imposed unprecedented conditions on the country''''''''''''''''s education system, and the teaching of courses, including physical education, is done virtually and in absentia. The aim of this study was to investigate the lived experience of teachers of the effectiveness of physical education training during coronavirus disease. The approach of this study is qualitative and its strategy is phenomenological method. Its statistical population consists of all physical education teachers in Ardabil province. Using Purposeful sampling methods until reaching theoretical saturation, 15 participants were selected. The research tool was a semi-structured interview, ensuring confidentiality, the interviews were recorded, then implemented and typed in office software, and finally coded using AXQDA20 software, and the collected data was parsed into small conceptual components. In this study, the external arbitrator method was used to evaluate the validity of the research and two external judges monitored the research and gave consultative opinions. To check the reliability, according to Silverman, three experts performed data coding and the coding results of more than 80% of the open source code were the same. According to the first methodological process, from the initial data, the relevant codes were identified and 63 open codes were obtained. In the next step, the identified codes were categorized and combined based the degree of conceptual similarity and extracted in the form of four components of the physical education system in schools during the Corona period, which included process components, system output, system input and feedback, respectively.

The purpose of this study was to design a talent management model for the merit-based selection of managers in sports organizations.

The research work employed a qualitative methodology based on grounded theory, and data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was conducted using the Glazer's (1992) method. The study participants were 15 professors from the sports management faculty with managerial experience in sports organizations. The sampling continued until theoretical saturation was achieved.

The results of the study showed that after a step-by-step coding process, 134 final codes were obtained, which were grouped into 12 sub-categories and 2 main categories: competencies of sports managers and talent management process of sports managers. The findings revealed that by taking into account the competencies of sports managers (managerial, specialized, political, functional, professional, ethical, and communication skills) and the talent management process of sports managers (organizational platforms, prerequisites, talent identification and attraction, education and training, and retention and maintenance), a talent management model for the merit-based selection of managers in sports organizations can be developed.

The research findings indicate that the talent management system enables the organization to effectively recruit and attract sports managers with strong managerial skills. These results can contribute to improving the meritocracy of sports management and enhancing their overall performance.

The current research tries to focus on social constructionism, link it with futurism, and in this process, using the constructivist approach of grounded theory, and present a short-range theory in the construction of possible futures of professional sports. The growth of professional sports is the beginning of the development of the sports industry.

The data of this qualitative research, which had an exploratory-fundamental nature, was collected through targeted sampling with the snowball technique and based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 experts in the field of professional sports. A detailed interpretive understanding and primary, focused, central and theoretical coding determined that professional sports based on the requirements of shaping the future, by overcoming the weight of the past, the pressure of the present and in line with the tension of the future and the choice of proactive behavior in facing the future, can achieve its desired future. Make and set a perspective for it.

In this research, macro analysis of future trends, income generation from social media, new formulas for selling players, the existence of many talents in all disciplines in Iran, sustainable talent search by clubs, development of academies and provision of legal measures for broadcasting rights.

In a general conclusion, it can be acknowledged that by identifying the surprises and drivers affecting the future of professional sports in Iran, it is possible to identify its various futures with different possibilities. Surprises sometimes bring transformative events such as the invention of a new technology. Sometimes it is possible to be aware of a surprise that is about to happen by tracking weak signs, but this is not always possible. Therefore, it is suggested to privatize the clubs with the presence of the stock market and non-stock market, the implementation of the principles of corporate governance in the club, the establishment of an independent business institution in sports, the creation of income-generating places by the clubs, technology-based transformation in ticket sales, providing online services to fans (buying, The sale of club clothes), the passing of laws to protect the economic rights of sports clubs, the creation of professional television channels in the context of technology, in this way, entering into the discussion of sports tourism with high-profile sports by clubs should be placed on the agenda of the Union of Professional Clubs of Iran. In the field of professional sports, issues such as the status of professional sports rights, the status of professional clubs, the status of professional athletes and the status of professional coaches are addressed. Legally, the legitimacy of professional sports is not explicitly mentioned in any of the existing laws. For this reason, different people with different interpretations of existing laws have commented on the legitimacy or illegitimacy of this sport. The same is the case with the financing of professional sports. Media rights are the most important source of income for professional clubs. The Broadcasting Organization does not consider itself obligated to pay this right in any way. There is no specific and codified law regarding other financial sources. Playing professional sports is to earn money. Therefore, in this type of sport, relationships are more commercial. Business rules and regulations do not apply in some cases in the field of professional sports. Due to this legal gap, special laws should be prepared regarding the legal relations between institutions and individuals in professional sports. One of the reasons for the weakness of professional sports is the lack of a support system for institutions, athletes and coaches. For the development of professional sports, it is necessary for those involved in this type of sports to have sufficient legal and financial support.

This study presents a strategic business development model for Iranian professional sports based on a global approach.

Due to the exploratory nature of the research, the qualitative research method was used to present a model related to the research topic. For this purpose, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 20 experts. According to the foundation data method, the research sample was selected as a combination of theoretical and snowball sampling methods.

The research results showed that Iran's professional sports do not have a stable performance in both income and sports sectors. Also, obstacles and factors affecting strategic business development are based on a global approach in key players, stakeholders, sports structure, critical uncertainty, seniors, surprises, hardware infrastructure, human resources development, and development. It was achieved with the global approach, development consequences, and the preferred future of Iran's professional sports. For effective strategic business development based on a global approach in both sports and income should be provided with appropriate measures, compliance with requirements and taking into consideration considerations of the presented model, the basis for making the clubs profitable and, in the future, the financial and managerial independence of the club. Finally, acquire these previous properties to provide the basis for the optimal entry of clubs into the capital market.

Originality:

 Based on the grounded theory method, interviews with experts and using MAXQDA software, we draw the relationships between factors related to business development in professional sports.

The expend of social media has significantly changed marketing practices. Organizations are investing in technology to increase their presence on social media. Social media marketing, customer communication, collaboration, and interaction, and encourages their participation. The purpose of this study was to validation and Reliability of social media marketing scale in sports. This study was descriptive and correlational studies. The statistical population of the present study was the customers of sports and entertainment complexes in Hamadan. According to the minimum sample size criterion required for data collection in factor analysis, 260 customers were selected as a statistical sample. Questionnaires were randomly distributed among the samples. A researcher-made questionnaire was developed from the literature review of the research subject into five components: information, comfort, social interaction, well-being and entertainment. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was determined with the help of 10 sports marketing experts. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis to identify components and confirmatory factor analysis to determine the validity of the structure. The results showed that the reliability of the components of the questionnaire was acceptable. Regarding the relationship between agents and social media marketing, the results showed that all factors could be a good explanation for the concept of social media marketing; The Ratio indicators 2/df=1.88, RMSEA=0.058, NNFI=.98, NFI=.97, CFI=0.99, IFI=0.99, RFI=0.99, GFI=.92 confirmed the suitability of the model. As a result, the internal and external validity of the social media marketing model was confirmed. With the approval of the tools mentioned in this study, future researchers can use the current tools to determine social media marketing in sports.

This study aimes to investigate the effects of emotional intelligence on the occurrence of positive work behaviors such as organizational citizenship behavior and the reduction of destructive behaviors such as unproductive work behavior in the organization.

This research was of applied and survey type. The statistical population consisted of all 315 employees of the Sports and Youth Departments of Zanjan Province. Using the Morgan table, the sample size was determined to be 172 and finally, 160 completed standardized questionnaires were analyzed. Data analysis was performed through path analysis method and structural equation model, using the  Lisrel software.

According to the research findings, there is significant inverse relationship between emotional intelligence and unproductive work behavior, a positive and significant relationship exists between emotional intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior, and finally, organizational citizenship behavior and unproductive work behavior have inverse and significant relationship.

Originality: 

The findings of this research can play a significant role in the better and voluntary implementation of organizational citizenship behaviors and the decline of non-productive behaviors, thus increasing productivity in the organization.

Implications: 

By increasing the emotional intelligence of employees, organizations can adopt arrangements in order to strengthen the behavior of organizational citizenship, sense of sacrifice, and work commitment and as a result, can lower tendency to commit violations in the work environment.

One of the most important ways of spending leisure time is using swimming pools and water parks. Therefore, the current research, in order to maintain the physical and mental health of the users of these places, seeks to develop a model for water safety in swimming pools by using appropriate strategies.

The current qualitative research was conducted using the foundation data model. The statistical population was university faculty members in the department of sports management and medical sciences, officials of the sports and youth department, experts in the field of construction and equipping of sports facilities, managers and users of swimming pools in Mazandaran province, north of Iran in 2022. The non-random sampling method; and a semi-structured interview with open questions were used. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation (Interview No. 18). In order to finalize the research, validity and reliability criteria were used.

After removing the similar codes, 64 concepts were identified in the field of water safety development in swimming pools, which are in two main categories of operational development (including technical measures, security measures, emergency services, health measures) and strategic development (including training and culture, preventive measures).

Some important recommendations in the field of developing a model for water safety in swimming pools include preventing the formation of calcareous deposits on the surface of the pool, preventing the growth of algae in the pool, having an oxygen device in swimming pools and familiarizing rescuers and lifeguards with resuscitation methods and quick connection with medical centers.

Rapid transmission of COVID-19 and its rising mortality increased anxiety in medical staff. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of exercise, practice of religious beliefs and listening to music on COVID-19 anxiety in the medical staff.

This quasi-experimental study was performed in a pre-test and post-test with 6 experimental groups and a control group. The study population was the medical staff of hospitals in the south of Iran (Fars, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari and Khuzestan provinces) that provided services to COVID-19 patients. The sample size was 77 who were randomly selected in clusters sampling. The research tool was the COVID-19 Anxiety which was administered online in two stages of pre-test and post-test.

There is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores in the groups of voluntary exercise, voluntary religious practice, voluntary listening to music and casual exercise, which shows their effect on reducing COVID-19 anxiety in the medical staff. There is no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the control group, the casual group performing religious practices and the casual group listening to music. The results of ANOVA and LSD test showed that the voluntary group performing religious practice has the greatest effect on reducing COVID-19 anxiety.  

 Exercise and physical activity due to the predominance of its physical and physiological aspects, whether it is the will of the medical staff or not according to their desire, reduces anxiety in them. However, practicing religious beliefs and listening to music, due to the predominance of its spiritual dimension, reduces the anxiety of the medical staff only when it is based on one's desires.