عبدالرحیم غیاثی

Exploring the employability literature shows that there is little empirical evidence on the interaction of soft skills, and for this reason, it is important to investigate this issue; Because it can play a significant role in teaching and developing soft skills. In this causal correlational research, the effect of learning and communication soft skills on emotional intelligence soft skills in agricultural students was investigated. Final-year undergraduate students of all agricultural fields in public universities constituted the statistical population of this survey and quantitative research. The statistical sample of the research included 384 people who were selected using the inverse square root method and the multi-stage sampling method. The research tool was a five-point Likert scale questionnaire, whose formal validity was approved by a panel of experts, as well as calculating the factor loading and the discriminant validity and divergent validity and reliability tests through the calculation of ordinal theta and composite reliability. The results of structural equation modeling showed that communication soft skills and learning soft skills have a significant effect in predicting students' emotional intelligence soft skills. This finding clarifies a part of the puzzle of the effect of soft skills on other soft skills of agricultural students. Revealing the mechanism of the effect of communication and learning soft skills on emotional intelligence soft skills, can facilitate the development of soft skills in agricultural higher education because it can provide a rational reason for focusing on a few soft skills.

According to the literature, the investigation of the role of technical skills in the perceived employability of agricultural students has been neglected by researchers. according to this, the main purpose of this research was to investigate the role of technical skills on the perceived employability of agricultural students.The statistical population of this applied research consists of fourth-year undergraduate agricultural students in the public universities of Iran in the academic year 2021-2022. The sample size was selected using the inverse square root method and multi-stage sampling method (n=384).The research instrument was a five-point Likert scale questionnaire, whose content validity was approved by a panel of experts, as well as calculating the factor loading and the divergent validity and discriminant validity and reliability tests through the calculation of ordinal theta and composite reliability (θ>0.7). Structural equation modeling and finite Mixture algorithm (FIMIX-PLS) were used in data analysis. The results showed that technical skills have a statistically significant relationship with the perceived employability of agricultural students. Also, By discovering the classes of intangible heterogeneity in the context of the research data, it was determined that the power of explaining the perceived employability of agricultural students by technical skills is very low for 79.2% of the studied students and very high for 20.8% of them. The analysis showed that the two groups differ from each other based on interest in the field of study. The obtained results can be used in planning for the movement of agricultural higher education institutions towards training employable students.

Although researches show that the formation of entrepreneurial intention is based on social and psychological capital; but linear relationships, as well as ignoring gender, may not clearly explain the formation of the mechanism of entrepreneurial intention. Based on this, the main purpose of the present study was to compare the linear and non-linear effect of social capital on the entrepreneurial intention of agricultural students with the mediation of psychological capital, which was done separately by gender for a deeper understanding. The statistical population of the research consisted of final-year undergraduate agricultural students in the public universities in the academic year 2021-2022. In this regard, 384 questionnaires, designed in a five-option Likert scale and collected by multi-stage sampling method, were analyzed using the PLS-SEM algorithm in Smart Pls4 software. The reliability and face validity of the instrument were confirmed through ordinal coefficient theta and an expert panel. The results showed that in female students, the nonlinear model of the effect of social capital on the entrepreneurial intention with the mediation of psychological capital is superior to the linear model. But in male students, the model is only linear. In addition, the results of the research revealed that the mechanism of the effect of the studied structures in male and female students is different in some ways. The results of the present research can help education officials and planners to adopt policies and practices for male and female students that will promote their entrepreneurial intentions.

The following research aims to provide a structural model for the development of essential soft skills in agricultural students. In this regard, a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative) was used. In the qualitative part of the research, the data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 19 Participants (faculty members of agricultural majors) who are expert in the subject of research. Participants were selected using purposeful and snowball sampling methods. In qualitative phase, "grounded theory strategy" was used to design the initial model of the research. In the quantitative part of the research, after confirming the reliability and validity of the instrument, data were collected from 384 of the senior students of agricultural majors. In order to evaluate the research model, Structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach was used. The results of the research confirmed the research model. Based on this model, the factors affecting on essential soft skills and essential soft skills consequences for agricultural students were clarified.

disadvantages of using sexed semen among dairy producers in terms of outcome and economic efficiency. A questionnaire containing 28 five-choice Likert scale questions was prepared to test the attitudes of respondents concerning the use of sexed sperm in terms of functional, economic, cognitive and infrastructural aspects. The respondents were the researchers, consultants and dairy farm employees. The findings indicated that farm employees, unlike the researchers, believed that sexed sperm was effective in reducing dystocia, and the conception rate was not deleteriously affected in differentclimates (P<0.01). Better performance of sex-sorted semen in heifers compared to multiparous cows was significantly confirmed by farm employees and consultants compared to the researchers (P<0.01). According to the researchers, the use sex- sorted semen is uncommon and hence the use of this type of sperm has a higher risk (P<0.01). The results of this study indicated that the attitude of employees in large industrial dairy farms is largely consistent with the scientific facts published in the field of sex-sorted semen, and the disagreement of this

The aim of this study was to explain the structural relationships between the components of essential soft skills in agricultural students (9 soft skills). In this regard, to achieve the aim of the study, the fuzzy DEMATEL technique was used. The views of 11 academic experts were collected through a questionnaire, based on the Likert scale. The results showed that communication skills, learning skills, and leadership skills are the most effective components, respectively. Also, findings indicated that the adaptability skills component is the most influential component. The results also show that five components (communication skills, emotional intelligence skills, leadership skills, learning skills, ethical skills) are causal factors and four components (problem-solving and decision-making skills, time management skills, teamwork skills, adaptability skills) Are effect factors. Thus, in higher agricultural education, while paying attention to the development of all essential soft skills, more focus and investment should be made on the development of communication skills, learning skills, and leadership skills, respectively.

Environmental ethics is a background for solving environmental problems and affected by various factors. In this regard, the main purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between social capital and environmental ethics among farmers.
This study in terms of purpose is considered as an applied research and in terms of data collection is considered as a descriptive-correlation study. The statistical population of the study consisted of all farmers activating in Zabol County in 2014 - 2015 crop year, which of them 178 samples were selected by Bartlett table and a random sampling method. Data collection tools were standard and researcher-made questionnaires. The Pearson and Spearman correlation tests were used for analyzing data.
The results showed that there was a significant relationship between social capital and all its components with environmental ethics (P There is a positive relationship between social capital and environmental ethics among farmers. Thus, pay attention and capitalize on social capital by planners and policy-makers improving environmental ethics among farmers and vice versa.

The entrepreneurship literature shows that entrepreneurial intention has important effect on entrepreneurship behavior. Therefore, it is important to identify factors influencing entrepreneurial intention. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy belief and entrepreneurial intention with mediating role of entrepreneurial attitude. This study, in terms of purpose, is considered as an applied research and in terms of data collection is field study. The statistical population consisted of 2000 agricultural and natural resources students in 2013-2014 academic year, among which, 145 students were randomly selected based on Cochran's formula. Data collection tool was questionnaire, that’s face validity was confirmed by a panel of agricultural extension and education experts, and its reliability was confirmed through calculating ordinal alpha and composite reliability coefficients (α = 0.702 - 0.906 and C= 0.801 - 0.904). The results showed that there is a positive relationship between self-efficacy belief and entrepreneurial intention. Also, the mediating role of entrepreneurial attitude in the relationship between self efficacy belief and entrepreneurial intention was confirmed.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurship willingness among agricultural and natural resource students, of Agricultural and Natural Resources University of Zabol. The statistical population consisted of 2500 agricultural and natural resources students in 2013-2014 academic year from that 178 students were randomly selected. Data were collected through the application of an instrument consisted of two parts including; Wong and low Emotional Intelligence Inventory and entrepreneurship willingness measurement tool. The research instrument was given to the academic staff of the department of agricultural extension and education to test its content validity. Ordinal theta was calculated to measure reliability of research tools (θ= 0.82-0.88). Data were analyzed using SPSS21. Results showed that there were positive relationship between emotional intelligence and all its components (self emotion appraisal, utilization of emotion, other’s emotion appraisal, regulation of emotion) with entrepreneurship willingness among agricultural and natural resources students. Also, based on ordinal regression analysis, variables: other’s emotion appraisal (OEA) and utilization of emotion (UOE), were able to predict entrepreneurship willingness changes among agricultural and natural resources students.

Energy is a foundation stone of the modern industrial economy. Energy provides an essential ingredient for almost all human activities. No country has managed to develop much beyond a subsistence economy without ensuring at least minimum access to energy services for a broad section of its population. One of the main aspects of sustainable development is the use of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, hydrogen and other cases of this kind. Due to the large population in rural areas of the country, scattered villages and the high cost of transporting gas to the villages, lack of sanitation in rural areas and environmental pollution, the use of biogas technology in rural areas over the past few decades is considered. This review paper has used internal and external literature reviews of the biogas after explain the importance and the role of new and renewable energies in the world, investigate the problems of villages of Sistan related to energy supply. Then due to the potential of using biogas in Sistan region, its advantages, role of biogas in rural areas and its impact on entrepreneurship and create sustainable jobs and the role of biogas in rural development were discuses. Finally the some practical recommendations for using this clean, cheap and value energy in the villages of Sistan are provided.

Students’ perception about the Educational Services Quality (ESQ) is a fundamental key to improve educational activities and students’ academic achievement in higher education institutions around the world. However, the influencing mechanisms of students’ perception of ESQ on academic achievement have not been considered seriously by researchers. Therefore, the aim of this survey was to investigate that how agricultural student’s perception of QES in Ramin University affects on their academic achievement. Statistical population of this research was consisted of M.SC students; from that by using Krejcie and Morgan sampling table 110 participations were selected. Structural Equation Model (SEM) via LISREL software was used to evaluate validity and reliability of the research questionnaire, and also to examine goodness of the latent variables and to test research hypothesizes. The result of confirmatory factor analyses confirm both “the validity and reliability” of the questionnaire and “the goodness the latent variables”. The results of path analysis by using the AMOS software portrayed that the interaction quality and the university’s atmosphere quality have most direct affect on student’s perceive of ESQ and have most indirect affect on student’s academic achievement. In the other where, perception of ESQ and satisfaction in total has most direct affect on student’s academic achievement. Moreover, perception of ESQ has significant affect on students’ academic achievement.

Entrepreneurship willingness that is one of the main preconditions of entrepreneurship behavior is influenced by Psychological factors. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between problem solving styles and entrepreneurship willingness among Agricultural and Natural Resource students, in University of Zabol. The statistical population consisted of 3000 Agricultural and Natural Resources students in 2013-2014 academic year from that, 210 students were randomly selected. Data were gathered through questionnaire. The research instrument was given to the academic staff of the department of agricultural extension and education, University of Zabol to test its content validity. Cronbach alpha was calculated to measure reliability of items of instrument (α = 0.74 - 0.83). The results showed that entrepreneurship willingness level of the most respondents was relatively favorable. Results showed that there were a significant relationship between problem solving styles and entrepreneurship willingness among Agricultural and Natural Resource students. The regression analysis showed that problem solving styles explain 33% of variance in predicting entrepreneurship willingness.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between learning styles and academic achievement among agricultural and natural resource students, of the University of Tehran. The statistical population consisted of 3859 agricultural and natural resources students in 2013-2014 academic year from that, 265 students were randomly selected. Data were gathered through the application of an instrument consisted of main two parts including Kolb Learning Style Inventory of 1985. The research instrument was given to the academic staff of the department of Agricultural Extension and Education, University of Tehran to test its content validity. Ordinal Theta coefficient was calculated to measure reliability of items of learning styles (θ= 0.77-0.86). During this study, non-parametric statistical methods were used and data were analyzed using SPSSwin15. Applying Kruskal–Wallis test revealed that students with different type of learning style were significantly different in academic achievement. In the study, majority of the students were found to have assimilator and diverger learning styles.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate critical thinking disposition of agricultural students, of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran. The statistical population of the study consisted of 3859 agricultural and natural resources students in 2009-2010 academic year of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran from that 185 students were randomly selected. Data were gathered through the application of an instrument consisted of two parts including Facione's “California Critical Thinking Disposition Scale (1992), and demographic data. The research instrument was given to the academic staff of the department of agricultural extension and education, University of Tehran totest its content validity. Cronbach alpha was calculated to measure reliability of items of critical thinking disposition a = 0.69 - 0.87. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 15. Results showed that agricultural students had a positive disposition towards critical thinking although respondents in some subscales (analyticity, truth-seeking and critical thinking self-confidence) were ambivalently disposed towards critical thinking. Also, results indicated that there was no significant difference in critical thinking disposition between undergraduate and graduate students.