عبدالله پارسا

Choosing managers in such a way that they can realize the missions and missions of educational systems is one of the serious and strategic issues and challenges of education. Therefore, it is necessary to know the effective and involved factors in the selection of school principals due to their meritorious selection and appointment. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing factors affecting the selection of school principals.

This research was a type of mixed research that was carried out in 1402 using the method of metacomposition and thematic analysis. In terms of purpose, it was applied-developmental and in terms of descriptive-survey method. In the first stage, by searching in various scientific databases, 357 primary sources were extracted in the period from 2000 to 2023, which were mentioned in the keywords of the research. Then, considering the desired criteria, the number of 34 articles and 7 experts were selected using the purposeful sampling method. The validity of the data was obtained by using the Kappa test of 79%. Next, selected sources were analyzed using the theme analysis technique and Max qda software.

The findings show 93 basic themes, 78 organizing themes and 13 overarching themes (competencies, skills, leadership, indigenization, stakeholders, power, collaborative management, experience, professionalism, spirituality, organizational commitment, accountability, networking), as effective factors on the selection of school principals in Iran. In order to prioritize the factors in terms of their importance, using the opinions of 7 experts from Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz and the General Department of Education of Khuzestan province, and using SPSS software (Friedman ranking), the mentioned factors were ranked.

The results showed that the factors of "networking", "core competency" and "stakeholders" have the highest degree of importance, respectively. So; Education planners and policymakers should pay special attention to three important factors in selecting and appointing school principals in addition to other factors.

Organizations rely heavily on human capital to carry out their tasks and missions. The development of organizational capital requires educational planning and the use of educational models and methods that achieve maximum efficiency and effectiveness. What is of fundamental importance in this regard is the structures, conditions and characteristics of the organization that provide the possibility of successful implementation of educational programs and implementable models. The favorable structure and conditions lead to learning in the direction of the organizational mission and helps to improve the social culture of that society outside the organization. Today, in order to overcome today’s turbulent and unstable environment, every organization is obliged to improve the capability of human resources in terms of knowledge, skills, attitude and strengthen continuous training and to plan, design and implement a long-term written program in order to overcome the challenges ahead. In a sense, it can be said that continuous education is the only way to survive and cope with challenges along with sustainable development and personal plans. The concept of continuous education has emerged in order to adapt to the fast and changing social and cultural life and has become an important indicator of the level of ed ucation and employment conditions in developed and developing countries. Another necessity to pay attention to continuous education lies in the nature of learning (forgetting in learning). This problem can be overcome by creating a continuous training and learning program. Continuous training transfers the responsibility from a system to an individual, according to which individuals are responsible for self-actualization and transformation in themselves. This transfer of the role of responsibility of continuous education leads to building a sustainable and coherent social future as well as equipping people to learn how to know, do, and play an essential role in life. In this research, the aspects of learning in the tax affairs organization will be investigated and analyzed in order to achieve a comprehensive and barrier model that will determine the status of continuous education in the tax affairs organization for us, and an introduction for future researches.

The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the status of continuous education in the country’s tax affairs organization with a descriptive survey-applied method. The statistical population includes all the managers and employees of the country’s tax affairs organization, which are about 30,000 people, and the sampling of the research was done using the random sampling method. 450 questionnaires were distributed throughout the country, of which 413 questionnaires were collected. in which the whole country participated. The instrument used to collect information was the continuous education literacy questionnaire of Li and Sai (2007) which has three domains (input, executive process and output), 11 dimensions and 49 questions. In Iran, this questionnaire has been validated by Akbari et al. (2017) that the overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the questionnaire is 95%, and the Cronbach’s alpha of the components is between 78% and 93%, and the questionnaire has acceptable reliability and convergent validity. be Based on these results, it can be said that the continuous literacy questionnaire is a suitable tool for Iranian research. To analyze the data of this research, the descriptive statistics method including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics including one-group t-test, one-way analysis of variance test, mean variance test and structural equation model and other suitable tests were used. Smart pls, SPSS, etc. software was also used.

The average score of continuous training among the managers and employees of the Tax Affairs Organization is equal to 2.05, which is lower than the theoretical average in the 5-point spectrum, i.e. 3. The employees of the Tax Affairs Organization are below the average level and at a relatively weak level. According to the results of the table, the same applies to all eight components of continuous education, and the status of all eight components is below the average level. The lowest average is related to the component of awareness of learning (1.899) and the highest average is related to the component of creating a learning program (2.20). The status of continuous learning among study groups does not differ significantly from each other. But regarding the organizational post, the situation of continuous learning shows a significant difference. The results showed that the level of continuous learning in people with a second-level organizational position with an average of 2.14 has a significant difference with the level organizational position with an average of 1.78, and no significant difference was observed between other organizational positions. (second-order factor analysis) was used to validate the research questionnaire. One of the new methods of investigating the relationships between variables is the method of structural equations.

Continuous education is a method that includes the improvement of people’s knowledge, skills and attitude and all personal, social and professional learning activities that they do during their professional or individual life. It is also a key strategy component in continuous education “workforce adaptability” that is able to create a high level of job mobility, based on general and technical education and the ability to add new skills for possible change. In this research, the status of continuing education in the country’s tax affairs organization was evaluated. In order to investigate this issue, a sample One sample t test was used. The results show that the average continuous education score among managers and employees of the Tax Administration is 2.05, which is lower than the theoretical average, so the difference in the average obtained is significant. And it can be said that the status of continuous education among the managers and employees of the tax affairs organization is lower than the average level and at a weak level. The proposed solution is that considering the amount of young people in the organization and the change in the source of the country’s budget from unstable sources to stable and healthy sources and the rapid and continuous changes in laws and regulations, statutes and circulars, it is expected that The category of education should be given more attention to the managers and policy makers of the organization, so that it is possible to use the experience of experienced people and the potential of young employees. In fact, continuous education can be the link between experience and history. The energy and perseverance of young colleagues will bring this process closer to the organization’s mission and goals. Also, the results regarding the status of all eight components showed that the average of all eight components is lower than the average and weak level, but regarding the organizational post, the status of continuous learning shows a significant difference. The results showed that the level of continuous learning in people with the organizational position of senior tax auditor with an average of 2.14 has a significant difference with the fourth level organizational position of the head of tax audit affairs with an average of 1.78, according to the results of this question, it is necessary that the country’s tax affairs organization to keep The motivation and desire for continuous training at the level of the senior tax auditor should be taken into consideration to create internal satisfaction among the employees, although for this reason the level of continuous training is at a relatively weak level, but the largest number of people, the highest level of education and the youngest employees are located at this level. In a way, with systematic and strategic investment and planning, the current and future status of the organization can be brought to the dynamism and the peak of organizational maturity, and considering the results of the research about the low level of continuous training in the tax affairs organization, it is suggested (research): in the first stage The harms and weaknesses of educational issues, both in the structural dimension and in the motivational dimension, should be determined and explained by conducting applied research, which can be used to examine the gap between the current situation and the desired situation and to eliminate the created gaps, and also The continuous training model specific to the tax affairs organization should be designed using the opinions of tax experts and organizational professors and implemented and used in order to increase and empower employees so that organizational goals can be achieved better and more effectively and other researches under the title of designing learning models master-pupil for the employees of the Tax Affairs Organization of the country, designing a coaching model and implementing it in the working environment of the employees of the Tax Affairs Organization of the country. By using these models, it is possible to implement the teacher and student training method in such a way that the transfer of knowledge from experienced employees to young employees and newcomers to the organization is done. It is also suggested: research on the design of competency-based employee training model and the development of collective learning in the working and occupational environment of employees in the tax affairs organization.

The present study was carried out with the aim of exploring and evaluating the question that how can the advantages of the fourth industrial revolution be exploited for the formulation and development of educational standards of the industry sector of the Technical and Vocational Education Organization? Exploratory research method has been used to investigate the objectives of this research. In order to carry out this method, the meta-eval;uation method in the qualitative part and the quantitative descriptive method required information from documents, reports and printed scientific articles related to the 4IR, skills and technical education standards and It was collected in prestigious English and Persian magazines and technical and vocational education organization and Khuzestan Industrial Towns Company. The results of the research showed: First: digital skills, data analysis, cyber security, problem solving, creativity, communication, energy cooperation and renewable energy technology are the priority of education and learning in 4IR. Second, the companies based in Ahvaz Industrial Towns are at the beginner level of this revolution, and a few training courses have been designed and implemented in this field. Third, the educational standards of the Technical and Vocational Education Organization of the country and Khuzestan,It has not been regulated in this regard. As a result, the necessity of re-engineering these standards is felt in the light of the developments of the industrial revolution in technical and vocational education and the educational needs of industrial companies, and not paying attention to it can threaten the competitiveness, efficiency and effectiveness of industries.

The Covid-19 crisis, surprisingly and in a short period of time, transformed the way of teaching in higher education and imposed virtual and technology-based education on universities.  This sudden change, in addition to opportunities and benefits, has brought short-term and long-term challenges to the higher education system that require profound study. The present research was applied in terms of purpose and phenomenological in terms of method. The scope of research included the directors of digital education of public universities affiliated with Ministry of Science and Technology. Using purposive sampling method, 15 of them were selected for in-depth interviews. Creswell data analysis cycle was used to analyze the data. Data analysis showed that technical-economic and education challenges were the most important challenges of transitioning to virtual education. Technical-economic challenges were extracted in a general category under the title of "infrastructure". Educational challenges were categorized into eight categories respectively: The educational challenges were categorized into eight categories, respectively: "teachers' lack of preparation and unfamiliarity with virtual learning", "content production", "assessment and examination", "conducting practical lessons", "lack of interaction", "faculty and student dissatisfaction with central control", "time" and "student teaching". Finally, it must be said that although this virus left the most negative consequences in the face-to-face, educational, scientific and research activities of the university for at least one year; however, its fundamental opportunities and benefits will cause a revolution in education, especially virtual learning.

This study aimed at designing a model for developing a learning city with focus on university in metropolis city of Ahvaz from the perspective of educational planning. The research is based on the Grounded theory. The statistical population included faculty members of Shahid Chamran University and Ahwaz municipality managers and sampling was purposeful and snow ballets till the researcher after interviewing 23 samples reached a saturated decision. With analyzing the data of the interviews, 834 open codes extracted that from combination of them, 38 categories developed and after 3 steps of open coding, axial coding and selective coding, learning city model with focus on university with six main categories (condition of creation, phenomenon aligned, background conditions, modeling condition, strategies and consequences) presented. The designed model could be used as a strategic or operational model in municipality of Ahvaz city. Based on the data of this research, consequences of collaboration of municipality and university could be define as follows: social growth and maturating of the citizens, developing of social urban activities, increasing of cultural and scientific associations, improving urban decisions,upgrading of university and municipality cooperation, Appropriateness of the distribution of educational services with the distribution of the urban population, innovation in urban views and perspective and making necessary to providing tutorials for any projects in the learning city and improving the municipality collaboration in national and international levels.

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the industry-oriented sense making competencies of engineering students. This qualitative research was carried out using the seven-step method of Sandlovski and Barroso. The metacomposite team consisted of three experts in curriculum planning and one expert in metacomposite research. 107 related research sources were used as the basis of the analysis, The result of which was extracting 11 themes of problem finding, finding a topic, choosing a topic with the aim of finding a new solution. Analyzing the information needs, designing and compiling the information search structure, implementing the information search process, evaluating the information search process, compiling the problem solving structure is based on the final information. Also the implementation of problem solving, the consequences of problem solving, and the final decision regarding the problem solving structure. The validity of the data was confirmed by using the techniques of reliability, transferability and alignment of data and trustworthiness of the data was also confirmed by the accurate guidance of the flow of information collection and alignment of the researchers. The results showed that proper sense making is necessary for success in many jobs, and a person must be able to make decisions, take action and develop an action plan in a turbulent and complex environment and in an uncertain state. Professors can show their creativity in the classroom by teaching sense making in the teaching process and combine the art of effective teaching with scientific knowledge. Based on the results of the research, on the one hand, it can provide educational planners with a wide range of experiences, on the other hand, the identification of themes analyzed in the sense masking approach has a significant impact on improving the quality of teaching in the field of engineering education. The correct understanding of these factors are very important for the university and the higher education system.

The purpose of the present study is to explore the extent to which teachers use appropriate and inappropriate humor during the teaching process. Humor in education is an essential tool that can help teachers to enhance student learning by creating a motivating classroom environment. Using humor in the classroom requires certain techniques and principles that can be learned. Some types of humor have positive results and increase the effectiveness of teaching. In contrast, there are other types of humor that, when used in the teaching process, have negative effects on the teaching and learning process. In this regard, the category that has been studied in this study is the category of Frymier et al. (2008, p.5,4) which classifies humor in teaching in to two categories: appropriate humor and inappropriate humor. Appropriate humor means that humor is not offensive or appropriate for the classroom. Inappropriate humor is a type of humor that is offensive or not appropriate for the classroom.

This research is a quantitative research based on statistical analysis of numerical information in terms of approach and data collection method. In terms of purpose, it is applied and in terms of nature and method, it is a descriptive research, survey type. The statistical population of this study included all secondary school students in Shush city (Khuzestan province) in the academic year 2019-2020. The minimum sample size was calculated according to Morgan table and a total of 366 students were selected by stratified random sampling method. The required data were collected through an appropriate and inappropriate humor questionnaire (Frymier et al., 2008). Using Cronbach's alpha, the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated (α=0.95). One-sample t-test, independent t-test and dependent t-test were used to analyze the data.

Findings showed that teachers' use of two types of appropriate and inappropriate humor was less than average, while teachers in the teaching process were used more appropriate humor than the inappropriate one. Also, male teachers, more than female teachers, have used appropriate and inappropriate humor in the teaching process.

Student learning is very important, and it is the teacher's task to produce his teachings- learning process, and topics with appropriate communication tools to make student learning a reality. One of these communication tools is humor, which the teacher should be able to use the best types of humor, including the appropriate humor that helps the teaching-learning process.

The purpose of this applied research is to investigate the attitudes of faculty members of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz  It has been about the functions of the university. The overall outline of this research is a combination kind of sequential exploratory (Qual. Quan. Qual.). In the qualitative section, the phenomenological method; in the quantitative section, use descriptive statistics such as averages, and in the  final qualitative section, the focus groups method has been utilized. The domain of this research and it's statistical society contains the faculty members of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, in which it is included the initial exploratory interview section with a purposful sampling of 54 members; a quantitative section with random sampling of 225 members; and the final qualitative section (focud groups) with  desirable purposful sampling of nine faculty members. The data-gathering tools in three qual.- quan.- qual. stages are conducted through (1) semi-structured interviews, (2) a researcher-made questionnaire prepared by interviews, and (3) a focus group interview. Then, the face and content validity of the researcher-made questionnaire is confirmed and it's reliability is calculated using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaires(α = 0.78) which denotes a desirable reliability of the proposed tool. To analyze data, Strauss and Corbin's coding method was used in the qualitative part and descriptive statistics was used in the quantitative part. The obtained results showed that university functions have 5 academic, research, cultural, entrepreneurship, commercialization, and social fields of performance. The obtained results from the quantitative part of research about the showed that academic performance is considered as the most important one, and the minimum mean shows that entrepreneurship performance has mentioned less in University. In addition, the participants of the focus part confirmed the findings of two previous steps.

The present was conducted to examine the school principals' and teachers’ attitudes toward the position of the museum as an educational and cultural medium in Children's Education. The statistical population of the study included all principals and teachers of public primary schools in Shiraz. Principals and teachers of 10 schools, whose students regularly visited the museums, were selected as the statistical sample by using the census method. A researcher-made questionnaire is used to collect information. The results showed that principals and teachers of primary schools in Shiraz believed that the level of the educational and cultural value of museums is higher than the average level. Other results showed that there was no significant difference between the attitudes of school principals and teachers who visited museums and those of school principals who did not visit museums in terms of the educational and cultural value of museums. On the other hand, there is a significant difference between the attitudes of school principals and teachers who have visited museums and those of principals and teachers who have not visited museums in terms of the internal factors influencing the visits to museums; however, there is no significant difference between the attitudes of principals and teachers in terms of the external factors affecting their visits to the museums.

This sequential exploratory mixed research (instrumental making) was conducted to recognize important features of moral and survey of the attention extent to moral instruction in elementary schools. In Qualitative section, by conclusive-phenomenological method 14 faculty members, experts and textbooks’ authors whom selected purposefully, were interviewed. Validity and reliability of interviews were confirmed by revision of question and answers and comparison of some extracted themes by two independent analyzers. Then 80 basic and 13 organizer themes, were collected in 4 dimensions individual goals, social goals, methods and challenges, ethics education insufficiencies), and a researcher- made questionnaire consisting of four main dimensions was made for quantitative (descriptive –survey) section of research. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 experts. The reliability was calculated by Alpha Chronbach coefficient (0.85). Based on quantitative results, teachers assessed that in individual goals dimension, themes such as (Personal hygiene, relationship with God, and self –controlling), and in the dimension of social goals, themes such as (relationship with others, and relationship with the nature) significantly higher than desired mean that indicates enough attention to these moral features in comparison with others. Individual morality themes (bravery, spirituality- not as religious upbringing, human dignity, personal discipline, and self-governance) as well as a coherent curriculum for achieving the high level goals of all three cognitive, emotional and practical levels, need to more thoughtful attention and planning. Development of teachers' ability for deeper understanding of ethical themes and the effectively use of moral education is an important suggestion of this research.

The current study was performed investigation of the relation between organizational culture and tendency to change in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz’s personnel according to Hofsede Pattern. through the samples, 265 samples have been selected on the basis of Morgan and korjecy table as main samples. the method of investigation in this thesis, according to goals and subject is correlation descriptive method. We used both questionnaires. reliability coefficient of Hofsted’s and tendency to change’s questionnaires are 0/72 and 0/78 respectively. It was concluded that from the dimensions of Hofstede's organizational culture only the dimension of patriarchal /femininity, individualism /collectivism and the high /low power /power gap with the tendency to change the staff was not significant only in the aftermath of avoiding high /low uncertainty. therefore, it can be said that the staff of Shahid Chamran University have a tendency toward patriarchy. according to the results of the research it appears that the staff of Shahid Chamran University has moved towards collectivism and more cooperation has been observed among employees.

This research is a descriptive-analytical study that used mixed method. The statistical population of the qualitative phase includes faculty members and experts in preschool education. The quantitative phase includes educators of Ahvaz (Iran) during 2017-2018. A total of 12 individuals we selected as the sample in qualitative phase by purposive and chain sampling. And in quantitative phase, 180 people were selected through stratified random sampling. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and a researcher questionnaire. In qualitative part 4 main components and 48 components were identified, the qualitative findings were coded and categorized based on content analysis. The results showed that the educators do not have enough professional competency at all stages of the curriculum process and their mean score was significantly lower than the desired level. There were also significant and positive correlations between all research variables. The least correlations were between content selection with evaluation and the highest correlation was between needs assessment and teaching-learning patterns.

The aim of this research is to investigate the attitudes of present and former MA students of Educational Sciences department in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, in order to find out about the effects of their curriculum on their job skills development, their expectations of job and their chance to holding a job. The statistical samples of this research included MA students and MA postgraduates of Educational Sciences courses that were available and were selected purposely. The data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire and the reliability, content validity and criteria validity (r=.73) were calculated and confirmed. The results indicated that participants’ attitudes to the curriculum of their courses could predict their expectations of job and their job skills development. Also it was found that the relationships between participants’ attitudes toward their university and their expectations of job and their job skills development, are positive and significant. The gender factor has significant effects on participants’ attitudes toward their curriculum, their expectations of job and their job skills. The factors of course and interaction of gender and course have significant effects on their expectations of job and their job skills development.

The main purpose of this study is to identify the social responsibilities of universities in Khuzestan province and analyze their current status in 1398. The current research is a theoretical-applied research in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection, it is a mixed (qualitative and quantitative) asynchronous exploratory type. The qualitative method is based on a phenomenological-interpretive perspective and in the quantitative part is the descriptive-survey method. Using a targeted (chain) approach, 32 academic experts were selected. In the quantitative part, by stratified-random quota method, 280 people were selected from 1038 faculty members based on Cochran's formula. The tool of the qualitative section is a deep semi-structured interview and in the quantitative section is a researcher-made questionnaire on university social responsibilities. The content validity and reliability of the interviews were confirmed by experts and the construct validity and content validity of the questionnaire were also confirmed. Cronbach's alpha coefficient in the University Social Responsibility Questionnaire was 0.92. Findings showed that, 20 central categories of social responsibilities of the university were identified, which were categorized using the logic of the Carol model. Also, one-sample t-test showed that the status of the components of social responsibility of the university in the general scale of the average of 2.92 was higher than the hypothetical average of the study (2.5) and the value of T was calculated to be 15.69 which is in good condition and satisfaction.

This descriptive (correlational) research was conducted for studying the effects of students and graduates’ perceptions to the curriculum of their courses in agriculture field, on their job skills development and their chance for holding a job. 274 present and former students of agriculture field of study in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data were collected by Moghadam questionnaire (2013), and analyzed. Surface validity of questionnaire was confirmed and the reliability coefficient (.89) is acceptable. The results showed that over 82 percent of participants were unemployed. Perceptions of schooling and job expectances of participants, predicted over than 46 percent of job skills variances. Positive perceptions to the curricula has significantly positive effect on expectances of their present and future jobs. The correlation between present and former students’ perceptions of theoretical and practical subjects with their perceptions of job skills development, is significantly positive and improvement of students’ perceptions to their courses, improve their hope to holding a job. Relationship between theoretical and practical subjects can improve students’ perceptions of curriculum and their university, and as a result, the required skills for holding a job are developed.Index terms.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors, criteria and accreditation markers in order to quality assurance of education in theoretical secondary schools. The research method was multi-method using both documentary and phenomenological methods. To access rich data after analysis of documents (7 internal documents and 17 external documents related to selected keywords), interviews with experts were used. Participants in research based on a targeted approach and using the preferred method, among the experts in education, the accreditation experts and executive education officials were selected. Theoretical saturation was obtained as an index of adequacy of data after a deep interview with 35 contributors. For data collection, a semi-structured interview was used to analyze the documents. The results showed that the accreditation framework of the theoretical secondary schools. It has 7 factors (Organizational Structure, Physical Structures, Teacher's Individual Factors, Individual Factors Knowledge, Political Factors, Cultural Factors, and Technical Core Teaching and Learning). And 60 criteria and 266 indicators were identified in accordance with the characteristics of the secondary schools for the above seven factors. Finally, the suggested model for validation of the theoretical schools was introduced.

Human resources development theories emphasized on the importance of training and it is effects on the powerment of human resources of organizations. The training goal is the some important functions such as socialization, learning skills, succession planning, employment capability and helping to job career success. The most general use of job career success is the advancement path in job. Mental career of job success is the criteria of individual assessment of his/her job success that reffered to individual attitudes to his/her job and it is determined by psychological terms such as professional commitment. Job success, between individual success, hierarchical success and financial success are 4 parameters of job career. Although some researcher add life satisfaction as fifth parameter of job career.

This applied study aimed to investigate the relationship between In-service training programs efficiency with staff career success in one of power ministry organizations, which conducted by confirmatory mixed method (quan.+ qual.). In quantitative section, data were collected with Homayounia (2005) and Gattiker and Larwood (1986) questionnaires, and in qualitative section, documentary analysis and interview were used for data collecting. Qualitative data derived from semi-structured interviews with 10 experts of that organization in Ahvaz Power & Water Organization. Stratified random sampling method was used in quantitative part, 290 persons were selected based on Morgan table, and to determine the sample size in qualitative section, and the desirable cases choice method was used. Pearson correlation, regression and repeat measure ANOVA used for quantitative data analysis and interview inductive content analysis method was used for qualitative part.

The results showed that in-service training programs efficiency except of interpersonal success, have positive relationship with job success, financial success, hierarchical success but trainings programs efficiency can not improve individual performance in their career. Analysis of interviews showed that personnel believed that the courses had the some effects on job success, financial success and hierarchical success. This qualitative result is the same as quantitative results about the relationship between training courses and job career success. Also in both Qual. and Quan. results, there is not found the relation between job some of career success’ parameters such as:friendly relationships, formal communications, team moral, and fitness of courses with needs.

In this organization, the training courses are being conducted with the purpose to become familiar personnel with their jobs and their work environment. Therefore it can be comprehend that the results of both sections of research are confirmed each other.

This study aimed at designing a model for developing a learning city with a focus on the university role in metropolis city of Ahvaz. The research is based on the Grounded theory. The statistical population included faculty members of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz and Ahvaz municipality managers. Snowball sampling was purposeful and continued until the researcher reached a saturated decision after interviewing 23 samples. After analyzing the the interviews’ data, 834 open codes extracted, 38 categories developed and following the three steps of open, axial and selective coding, the learning city model was presented. The model focuses on the university with six main categories: Causal conditions, pivotal phenomena, contextual conditions, interventional conditions, strategies, and consequences. The designed model could be used as a strategic or operational model in municipality of Ahvaz city. Based on the data The consequences and implications of a collaboration between the city and university are as follows: social development and maturating of the citizens, developing of social urban activities, increasing of cultural and scientific associations, improving urban decisions, upgrading of university and municipality cooperation, increasing public awareness and responsibility of the citizens and officials regarding the education, teaching, innovation in urban landscapes and landscape and the obligation of preparing tutorials for any projects in the learning city and improving the municipality collaboration in national and international levels.

Conceptual roadmap, at universities, reflects the goals, missions, and perspectives clearly leading to reinforce and expand the mission of the university components, such as faculties based on the mission of the university. This study was carried out aimed to investigate the faculty members' attitudes towards some factors affecting the creation of a conceptual roadmap of university development (university legitimacy, organizational atmosphere, functions, and disciplines development). This is a confirmatory type work that in the quantitative section through a descriptive-survey method, a researcher-made questionnaire and statistics (mean, frequency, and percent) were used, and in the qualitative section, the focus group interview method and coding and content analysis were utilized to collect and analyze the information. In quantitative section, 234 people were selected among the faculty members of the Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz by randomly simple sampling method. In qualitative section, the group interview was conducted with the participation of 8 experienced people and experts of the university. In addition to face and content validity, the reliability of the questionnaire was also calculated and reported in the quantitative section through the Alpha - cronbach coefficient. According to the quantitative results, the scientific elites are requesting immigration to the other cities and countries, and the atmosphere of the university is heavily political. The educational function is a priority of the university, and the disciplines relative to the potential of Khuzestan province have been focused greatly. The results also indicated that the members of the focus group did not agree with some results obtained in the quantitative section, the most important of which were the faculty members' fear of criticism, the positive impressions of graduates from their studying place and the importance of engineering development and basic sciences as well as the low level of immigration of the university's academic elites from the province.

The current conditions of society and the importance of a knowledge-based society have led schools, students and families to seek a more comprehensive and comprehensive education. Therefore, educational systems have been subject to judgment and accountability more than before. Dynamic learning system needs to be evaluated to deal with any changes and enhancements in quality, and continuous improvement of the quality of education requires the establishment of a sub-system of evaluation and quality assurance, and the use of scientific methods in this regard. In the last few decades, the transformation of this branch of education has been such that, according to King and Alkin (2018), educational evaluation is "investing in people and progress." One of the programs to evaluate and assure the quality of educational systems is to use the "accreditation system"; Because accreditation is a quality assurance tool that ensures a consistent improvement in the quality and durability of the provided training, it is based on the assumption that in order to achieve quality assurance, it is necessary to continuously and accurately evaluate, measure, review and review Programs and educational institutions. Considering the obvious evidence of poor quality of schools in students' overall guidance and growth, the growing decline in education budget and low level of knowledge and skills of graduates, paying attention to productivity and reducing costs and increasing the quality is essential. As a result, schools need to have a precise and transparent tool for accreditation their effective organizational activities in the education landscape in order to become institutionalized. The researches carried out in the field of accreditation have not provided a comparative model for accrediting theoretical schools, which includes all aspects of the school as a social system so that it can accredit the schools. Given the importance of the issue, the design of the School accreditation Model is inevitable. The purpose of this study was to design an accreditation model for teaching quality assurance in the theoretical secondary schools using a qualitative content analysis method with inductive approach. The participants in the research consisted of four groups of education experts, experts in accreditation, officials in education and training, and documents. In order to select the sample, a targeted sampling method was used. Sampling continued to the extent that the researcher reached a theoretical saturation using a semi-structured interview with 35 sample members. The research tool was a semi-structured interview and document analysis. The content validity of the interview was obtained from the viewpoint of the education specialists and To validate, data was coded, named, categorized and analyzed for coding and validation of the findings was confirmed by interviewers using three methods, Triangulation and peer review. The results show that the accreditation model of the secondary schools has the following seven factors (Organizational structure, physical structure, teacher individual factors (administrative and educational staff), Individual factors are students, political factors, cultural factors and technical core of teaching and learning). The core of teaching and learning in the proposed model has 10 criteria. Other activities are secondary to the mission of teaching and learning, This process shapes the many managerial decisions that must be taken in schools. The technical core of teaching and learning directly influences the other factors of the proposed accreditation model and also influences them. In the model presented in the present study, the existence of an efficient and effective organizational structure including the bureaucratic expectations of demands and formal requirements that the organization determines is emphasized. Individuals are also the main element in all social systems (the school has both a structural dimension and a subsequent individual). Teachers, administrative and educational staff, and students with their own individual needs, goals and beliefs, and create personal orientations and rational understanding of their roles. Two important and influential factors in the accreditation of schools and emphasized in the model presented in this study are cultural factor and political factor. In this model, culture is beyond the formal and individual aspects of organizational life, and deals with common meanings and unwritten rules that guide organizational behaviour. Based on this model, attention should be paid to the symbolic nature of social interactions in schools, and what happens in schools should be interpreted in the context of school culture. Schools are also susceptible to political activity due to their loose structure. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the political factors in designing a accreditation model. as a result, by identifying 60 criteria and 266 indicators in line with the characteristics of the secondary schools for the above seven factors, the suggested model for accrediting secondary schools was introduced. The proposed model illustrates the fact that the secondary schools are a complex and multi-dimensional theoretical concept that if considered with seven factors mentioned, such as an open social system, the more the coordination between the seven factors, the more effective and credible the system Is. School outcomes are a function of teaching and learning interaction, structure, individuals, culture, and policies that are limited by the forces of the environment. This is a new, academic, and a small move in the direction of increasing the productive and productive vision of the credibility of the education system of the country. Therefore, the results can be used both at the micro level and at the macro level. The present study was confronted with limitations that one of them is the extent and focus of education in the country. Although the participants included education experts, managers of various education levels, and experts in accrediting and assuring quality in the national context, the model might have been designed for large, high schools and first-class schools in big cities. As a result, its generalization should be done with caution to other theoretical secondary schools, and especially rural and remote small schools with their own specific constraints. The lack of related studies and researches based on similar methodology in the field of study and difficult access for participants in the research were also the limitations of the researcher and the difficulties of this research. 

Internationalization of Higher Education is a process of facing the challenges of globalization that has been the focus of attention by the world's leading universities. The purpose of the present study was to model internationalization of universities with emphasis on multilevel governance.

This study utilizes phenomenological qualitative research method and interviews with selected sample of managers and faculty members of 6 universities (Shahid Chamran Ahvaz, Shiraz, Kurdistan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Allameh Tabatabaei, Tehran and Ferdowsi Mashhad) has been done in 2017-18. Interviews were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin coding methods (open, selective, and axial).

The internationalization model of universities includes five dimensions of economic and social factors (competition for resource acquisition, meeting community needs and peripheral environment, commercialization and geographical and regional location of the university), human and cultural factors (human resource capabilities, cultural interactions and human resource motivation), scientific and technological factors (components of the nature of science, curriculum and teaching, technology and educational and research equipment, as well as the production and dissemination of science), organizational and structural factors (organizational management, university and group autonomy, and the functions of the university), and political and governmental factors (international funding components of strategic plans, ideologies of national development programs and international diplomatic missions).

Universities need to step up in order to gain international accreditation, and the model needs to be the guide for the university to move in that direction.

In the most of the foreign university having a conceptual roadmap is the main bases of university development plan; but it has been neglected in Iranian universities. In this research, for present a conceptual roadmap to educational planning, an exploratory mixed method research (Qual. and Quan.) was used. Data were collected from related archives to developmental plans of public universities and previous research, interviews with 54 faculty members and copleted researcher-made questionnaire by 205 faculty members. For interviews and completing questionnaire, correspondents were selected from faculty members of 53 departments of Shahid Chamran university of Ahvaz. In Qualitative section, by purposeful sampling and in quantitative section, by stratified random method. Data were collected and analyzed by different quantitative (mean and standard diviation) and qualitative analytical method (Straus & Corbin coding method). The results show that five main elements of conceptual roadmap are: university climate, functional of university, legitimation of university, and development of departments and disciplines, which combined based on their importance, in a proposed model of conceptual roadmap for university.

Paying attention to the elite and talented students has been one of the central ideas of the education system in each community. According to this, the aim of this study is assessment of challenges of seperation of gifted and talented students. Research method is an exploratory mixed type. The data were collected, using both qualitative (interviews) and quantitative (researcher - made questionnaire) method. The questionnaire used in this study, included the intellectual foundation of separation with 30 items, and three subscales with reliability of 0.73, facilitating factors subscale with 21 items and the reliability coefficient of 0.83, inhibiting factors subscale with 12 items and a coefficient reliability of 0.85, social capital subscale with four subscales and 29 items, with a coefficient reliability of 0.84. The population in quantitative part was included all of the talented and gifted student’s schools and 4 regular schools in Bushehr province. The samples were appointed of 260 students, 70 parents and 70 teachers. In qualitative part, 15 faculty members of Shiraz University and Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz and 30 stakeholders (parents, teachers, and students) were interviewed. The qualitative results of this study showed that the separation approach, was not an acceptable performance in Iran, but because of lacking a suitable situation, omitting this approach is not allowed. After identifying the facilitating and inhibiting factors through the talented schools, these factors were presented for stakeholders groups, and the results showed that the factors such as: separation from the first years of primary school, higher social status, and obtaining the best jobs are the most important facilitating factors. Also, the current definition of talented, negative attitude of parents to these schools, and difficulty of internal exams in these schools are the most important inhibiting factors. In quantitative section of results, there was not found any significant differences between the attitudes of different stockholders groups to educational nessesity of separation, and to development of social capital' parameters. Separation of talented students could not raise the social capital of them.

The purpose of current study, Explanation the relationship between perceived organizational effectiveness, teacher Trust in colleagues, openness of the school Climate components and Organizational Citizenship Behavior or Explaining why the impact and effectiveness of each these components on the formation, growth and development of OCB principals and teachers in primary and secondary schools Citizen of Ahwaz. in this regard, had been used mixed method approaches (quantitative and qualitative). the population consists all of the Principals and teachers elementary or secondary schools, Citizen of Ahwaz. due to a mixed method survey, were selected 256 members in quantitative Section of stratified sampling methodand by used Morgan table. in qualitative Section using purposive sampling continued sampling process was achieved theoretical saturation and as long as were answered questions research. the data were collected from using both Scales OCB and impact components from formation in the School Dipaola, Tarter and Hoy (2005) respectively with reliability coefficients 0/84 and 0/89 in quantitative section and semi-structured interviews in qualitative section. the results showed in quantitative section impacting perceived organizational effectiveness and ineffectiveness, teacher Trust in colleagues, openness of the school Climate components on the formation, growth and development of OCB principals and teachers in the case study schools. the pursuit of results, in qualitative section, has been explained the reasons for ineffectiveness and impacting of each the components.