فهرست مطالب علی رضا میرزایی

Oral presentation skills play an important role in the personal, academic and professional success. It is the most common method of educational assessment in higher education settings. This study aims to determine the oral presentation competency of nursing students from Ardabil university of medical sciences (AUMS).

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2023 on 274 nursing students from AUMS, who were selected using a convenience sampling method. The data collection tool were a demographic form and Chiang’s oral presentation evaluation scale (OPES). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 20, using independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance.

The total score of OPES was 58.81±7.75. The scores of the dimensions of accuracy in content, effective communication, and clarity of speech was 4.01±0.348, 3.72±0.658, and 4.02 ± 0.673, respectively. Competency was higher in Persian speaking students than in Azari-speaking students. Also, students with a history of more oral presentation and reading of public speaking books obtained higher scores.

Considering the importance of oral presentations for nurses, it is recommended that nursing professors in AUMS and the educational system in Iran pay more attention to promote this skill in Azeri-speaking nursing students.

Avicenna is renowned as a rational philosopher, often regarded as the leader of peripatetic scholars. In addition to his philosophical acclaim, he was a skilled physician. Moreover, he held noteworthy views in mysticism and theology. This research aims to delve into his theological perspectives using a descriptive-analytical approach, which involves investigating his writings and the views of his contemporaries. It becomes evident that Avicenna’s extensive body of work, his reputation as a peripatetic philosopher, and his strongly rationalistic approach, which extends beyond the confines of religion, pose challenges when examining his inter-religious and theological views. Despite his unwavering commitment to his philosophical methodology and propositions, Avicenna did adopt certain conspicuous theological positions and religious approaches that extend beyond his philosophical thinking. This research seeks to explore the various dimensions of these theological and religious views comprehensively. It approaches Avicenna as a devoted Muslim philosopher, shedding light on this intriguing aspect of his intellectual legacy.

Social issues and looking at different aspects of human being with collective identity have a special place in the thought and writings of Allameh Tabatabai. The structured mind of this distinguished Islamic thinker has led to the design and discussion of the foundations and structures of the creation and movement of human society; In such a way that social thinking can be considered one of the weight points of his religious thought. The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, follows Allameh Tabatabai's thought foundations in discussing the origin of human society and the type of communication between them. The results of the research show that the mechanism of forming human society, the origin of sociality, the creation of restrictions on individual freedom, collective cooperation, the enactment of law and the formation and establishment of government and the way of governance, as the foundations and presuppositions of building human society in thought. Allameh has a systematic relationship and, like the seeds of a chain, they have formed a strong thread in the context of the occurrence and survival of human society. This structured look at social topics and issues has brought Allameh into thinking in the field of social life. In his social thoughts, he believes in building society from the context and from the bottom up, and the pyramid of power, despite its importance, is the second priority in his thoughts on social issues and governance.

The corona virus is spreading rapidly in the world and people are trying to protect themselves against this virus with all their power. As in the past years, people have considered technology as a solution to get out of this situation and have embraced it. Various screening, prevention and treatment methods have been developed using technology. Using of digital thermometers, various masks, complete protective clothing such as overalls and ventilators are among the various uses of technology in this regard. The dehumanization of technology is a feature that has been written about and paid attention to in the past. In this article, an attempt has been made to discuss the humanization of technology through the lens of philosophers such as Latour, Feinberg, and Heidegger, and whether it is possible to replace humanizing technologies with dehumanizing technologies in order to improve the doctor-patient relationship in this situation.

Manis a multi-dimensional creature with many potential capacities the recognitionand realiziations of which unfolds these hidden and innate capacities andbrings about wonder. Servitude of God, purification of soul and controlling thematerial aspect reigned by spiritual dimensions disclose these wonderful andincredible capacities of man and reveal the hidden divine aspect of theservant.  In the way of spiritualevolution of man through servitude of God, he ascends to heaven, becomesdivinely, his egoism disappears, and through the promotion of soul in the universe,performs divinely deeds such as implementing a wonder. In absolute surrender toGod, Man’s deeds adopt divine management and a bilateral commitment ofaffairs occurs. Man commits his affairs to God and submits himself todivine measure and as a result, God bestows on him an evolutionary and acreationary power just beyond the realm of the soul. This creativity is called thewonder of the saints and the miracle of the prophets by the mystics.  Performing a miracle and implementing ofsupernatural acts is verified by credible religious texts and Islamic thinkers.In the current study, this human dimension is validated by relying on religiousand Quranic texts and contents. Also, the mechanism of doing wonder (miracle)is explained and some proofs are submitted on it from the words of religious thinkers.

The Caliphate of Ali (AS) after Uthman is the consensus of Muslims. Ali (AS) is the only caliph with whom people rushed to his house to pledge allegiance. Ibn Taymiyyah, like other thinkers, has paid attention to the events of the Caliphate of Ali (AS) and has accepted his Caliphate per se, but regarding the events of Ali's caliphate, he has put forward different views that need to be examined. For example, he considered the establishment of the Caliphate of Ali (AS) to be correct due to the support of the dignitaries and a number of ordinary people, but then he raised some doubts. He considered the wars that took place between Ali (AS) and the opposition as a personal effort to establish the government. However, according to the biography and words of Ali (AS) as well as historical sources, his attempt to establish the caliphate system was intended to revive the religion of Islam after the Prophet (S), and therefore historical reports are contrary to the views of Ibn Taymiyyah. In this article, we have seeks to analyze the theological and historical views of Ibn Taymiyyah by using the library method and referring to his works. As a result, it can be said that Ibn Taymiyyah's principles have clear shortcomings in this regard.

Retrofitting of buildings and improving their performance has received a lot of attention from researchers and engineers in recent years. With the advancement of technology and the presentation of new materials in the field of construction, the quality of retrofitting and improving of structures has also enhanced. Many structures in the world have been built using reinforced concrete materials, which have exhibited a good performance during previous earthquakes, too. The reinforcement of these structures and the presentation of new solutions to improve their performance have also been studied by many researchers and various solutions such as the use of concrete jackets have been proposed and applied. In the present study, using the posttensioned concrete, a new approach is presented to strengthen the flexural strength of reinforced concrete beams using ABAQUS software. In this method, by adding a posttensioned concrete layer to the reinforced concrete beam (base sample) from both sides, its flexural performance has been investigated. The results of the analyses indicate the appropriate behavioural compatibility of this method due to the high tensile capacity of steel cable, which can have a significant effect on ductility, improving  performance, increasing the capacity of reinforced concrete beams and transferring of the plastic joint from the middle span to  of the end of the beam.

Construction of reinforced concrete buildings is known as one of the most common and widely used construction methods in the world and a large number of buildings and other structures are built applying these materials every year. Advances in engineering sciences and the utility of new materials have improved the quality of construction and industry. The utilization of materials such as FRP or prestressed and post-tensioned systems has been considered by many engineers due to researches performed and their proper performance during past earthquakes.  In the present research, using ABAQUS software, the effect of flexural reinforcement of reinforced concrete beams using prestressed CFRP laminate (Carbon fiber reinforced polymers) has been investigated as a new and widely used method in strengthening and improving the performance of concrete beams. Different percentages of prestressing force according to the tensile capacity of CFRP laminate as an effective parameter in the final strength, have been investigated in this study. The results exhibit that the use of prestressing in CFRP laminate owing to its high tensile capacity and intrinsic performance can have a significant effect on increasing the stiffness and final strength of reinforced concrete beams. Analyses in this field indicate that the amount of prestressing force should not be more than 30% of the tensile strength of the- laminate, which is one of the cases mentioned by recent researches. Prestressing in the laminates also changes the cracking pattern in the critical area of ​​the reinforced concrete beams.

Due to the high rate of diabetes in the community and the importance of herbal supplements and exercise in its treatment, the present study aimed at evaluating the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of olive leaf on coronary artery function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats with and without exercise training.

In this experimental study, 50 male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were randomly divided into five groups (n=10 per group): 1. Healthy control (CO), 2. Diabetic control (DC),3. Diabetic control + Exercise training (DC+EX), 4. Diabetic control + Olea europaea L. (D+OIL),5. Diabetic + exercise training + Olea europaea L. (DC+EX+OIL). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide-streptozotocin. The rats in D+OIL and DC+EX+OIL groups performed submaximal exercise on treadmill for 5 days a week/ 8 weeks and received 200 mg/kgbw Olea europaea L. extract by gavage at 8 AM daily for 8 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last training session, Isolated hearts were perfused using the Langendorff method and hemodynamic parameters were assessed. Then, levels of antioxidant enzymes and lipoproteins in the blood were measured.

Olive leaf extract with 8 weeks of exercise training led to increased activity of superoxide- dismutase and catalaseenzymes and increased lipoprotein levels of LDL and HDL in diabetic rats but it had no effect on improving LDL levels. It also prevented increased response to coronary artery stenosis due to diabetes and increased response to coronary artery dilator.

Current study could be helpful in increasing the tendency to use exercise and olive leaf extract in treatment of diabetic patients and preventing cardiovascular complications including coronary artery endothelial disorders in these patients.

Stability, consolidation, continuation, and efficiency of a system derived from a revolution as well as permanence of a revolutionary discourse are of the concerns of the founders and royals of the political-social revolution of Iran. By analyzing the content and value of the revolution and Islamic system  and intelligent pathology as well as proper railing, Imam Khomeini , as the founder of the revolution , and the supreme leader of the revolution , as the interpreter and the continuant of Imam Khomeini’s path, sought to guarantee the permanence of the revolution and eliminate the probable hazards.” political-divine will of Imam Khomeini” and “statement of the second step to the revelation”, both, are written based on this very purpose. The both have foresighted, engendered and illustrated the future map of the revolution. This paper has comparatively reread this two writings and extracted considerable common elements and, then, has analyzed them. These two writings have the same soul and essence as if one person has written them in different time and place to give a strategic plan for the future of the revolution. To gather data, Library research method is applied in this paper; then, the comparative and conceptual methods are used to reread the strategic plans of these two leaders of revolution during the different historical changes.

Scientific authority and justice of the companions of the prophet has been amongst the frequent theological discussions in Sunni and Shiite discourse. Qualification has a determining role for interpreting Quran and tradition and reviewing the events occurred at the early Islam and through modification (revision) many of predicaments in the world of Islam can be solved. Shiite and Sunni adopt two different approaches toward the status of the companions.   One approach is established on the basis of the performance of the companions in relation with logical requirements of the action and evaluations through standards set in religious texts.  The other is on the basis of a confirmatory view and is therefore absolutist. Almost all Sunnis believe that all companions are just and find fault in their criticism. Naturally, in Sunni view the companions enjoy a distinct scientific authority however in Shiite view, the companions of the household of the prophet with infallibility characteristic possess ultimate authority while in other cases the companions are evaluated against prophetic book, tradition, tradition of the immaculate Imams and logic. In the current research these two views are compared on the basis of historical, theological, and traditional and commentary sources.

 It is of utmost importance to achieve a non-invasive method to diagnose secondary caries next to amalgam restorations. In many cases, clinical examination alone does not allow an accurate diagnosis of recurrent and proximal caries; therefore, appropriate radiographs and Diagnodent are required. The use of Diagnodent (laser fluorescence) and intraoral digital x-ray radiography (PSP) is increasing instead of visual inspection and tactile examination. Given the discrepancies in the results of studies about Diagnodent and digital x-ray radiography (PSP) for the detection of secondary caries, this study aimed to compare the diagnostic power of Diagnodet and intraoral digital radiography to detect secondary caries in class II  amalgam restorations.

 In this diagnostic study, 40 healthy human premolar teeth were used. First, 40 class II cavities were prepared and restored with amalgam. In the first stage, the teeth underwent radiography with an intraoral PSP system and saved. The teeth were then immersed in 0.1 mol lactic acid (pH = 4) to simulate recurrent caries for three weeks. Diagnodent was used in the clinical diagnosis to detect recurrent caries. In the final stage, teeth with recurrent caries underwent digital radiography. Finally, two oral and maxillofacial radiologists evaluated all the 80 radiographs. T-test was used to analyze the false-positive (FP) and false-negative (FN) results of the two techniques with SPSS 16 (α = 0.05).

 The study was carried out on 40 teeth using Diagnodent and intraoral PSP radiography. Incorrect diagnoses (FP and FN) were recorded in 28.5% and 21.2% of the cases with digital radiography and Diagnodent techniques, respectively (p value = 0.3).

 Diagnodent and intraoral digital radiography exhibited similar diagnostic power in the detection of secondary caries around class II amalgam restorations.

Perilunate dislocation and fracture-dislocation are rare injuries. Treatment of these injuries can be more challenging in old and neglected cases. In this study we report the outcomes of a two- stage treatment of old and neglected cases of these injuries by applying a distracting external fixator (first stage) and open reduction 3-4 weeks later (second stage).

In this retrospective study, seven patients who underwent the two-stage treatment were included. Outcome measurements included Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, functional evaluation of the wrist by Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), power and pinch grip assessment, radiocarpal range of motion and arthrosis in the radiocarpal and mid carpal joints.

Mean time interval between the injury and surgery was 7±4.9 months. Mean follow up period was 16.8±10.7 months. Grip strength of the injured hand was 82.1% of the contralateral hand. Pinch strength of the involved hand was 82.5% of the contralateral hand. Range of motion in the radiocarpal joint of the injured hand was 49.6% in flexion/extension and 64.6% in ulnar/radial deviation of the uninjured hand, respectively. Mean VAS and DASH score were 4.1 and 28.5, respectively. Scaphoid nonunion was seen in one patient and radiocarpal joint arthrosis occurred in another one.

According to the acceptable result of this study, we recommend two-stage treatment for the management of old perilunate injuries.

Raj`at, return, is a special religious belief of the Shia Imamiyyah. In this return, the great divine authorities, such as the Prophet of Islam, Amir al-Mu'minin and Sayyid al-Shohada, are present. The verses of the Qur'an and the noble traditions supporting the theory are discussed in this article, and the views of Muslim scholars have been taken as document and studied critically. The principle of raj`at has been accepted by most Shia scholars but there are disagreements in its details; and, as described in the paper, some interpretations have been put forward in order to abandon its common meaning. The common hypothesis refers to the return of some deads of Salih and Talih, it failes to be accepted and the theory claiming the return of Imams state during the rule of the last Imam is incompatible with the appearance and contents of the mass narratives. The findings of this study supported the original theory of return as being mysterious without justifying proofs.

Expert employees’ turnover such as experienced nurses in hospitals is a problem that disrupts the growth of hospitals and is a serious problem for managers seeking to hire, maintain and utilize human capital.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of transformational leadership style on turnover intention, with emphasis on the mediating role of job engagement, employer branding and organizational commitment of nurses.

The study population was nurses of public hospitals in Tehran. 332 of them were selected by random sampling and 287 correct questionnaires were analyzed. To collect data, standard questionnaires of transformation leadership style of Bass & Avilio (2000), job engagement of Schaufeli et al. (2002), organizational commitment of Allen & Meyer (1990), employer branding of Ambler & Barrow (1996) and turnover intention of Mobley et al. (1978) were used. Reliability and validity of the questionnaires were accepted through content validity, confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. For data analysis, structural equation modeling and Amos software were used.

The results of this study showed that transformational leadership has a negative significant effect on turnover intention of nurses through two ways; two variables at the individual level, i.e., job engagement and organizational commitment, and one variable at the organizational level, i.e., employer branding.

It is recommended that managers of Tehran's public hospitals provide conditions through adopting a proper leadership style in a way that engage the nurses to their jobs and reduce their turnover intention by promoting the employer branding and organizational commitment of the nurses.

The great Prophet`s mi`raj, being of Quranic origin, has been a matter of consensus amongst Muslim. In the mysterious night of mi`raj, the Prophet was carried throughout the world of existence according to the Divine Will and watched a lot of truths in the highest world of existence and saw the positions and ranks of some people of his community in the paradise and in the hell, Then, he visited the antecedent prophets and returned from his journey. Yet, his report of the observed realities was met with the Quraysh`s denial. All Muslim thinkers have agreed on those particular prophetic perceptions in that mysterious night. Yet, they have commented and explained the how of mi`raj differently; some have known the journey to be spiritual and some corporeal. The former may be divided into some groups; one believing in its occurrence in sleep but intelligently, one believing in its occurrence being of thought and common sense and one believing in its occurrence in awakening distint from sleep or thoughtful movement. The particular explanation of some of the Gnostics, though may be taken as spiritual, because of their special manner of speech has been regarded as being distinguished from that. Each of these five interpretations presented here have their own aspects of preferences and ambiguities. This research was an attempt to uncover the preferable interpretation through adopting a critical approach. Yet, this does not invalidate the rest of non-selected interpretations.

  Technological advancements and increased production of cars and motorcycles have led to the increased incidence of traumas all around the world. Injuries and fractures occur due to different etiologic factors such as motor vehicle accidents, quarrels, and fall accidents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of fractures in computed tomography (CT) scans in Emergency Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ilam, Iran, in 2014.

In this cross-sectional retrospective study, we evaluated the medical records of all trauma patients who were admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ilam during 2014. Information from patients' medical records and CT scan radiographs were recorded in a checklist. After removing duplicate data, 710 patients were evaluated.

In this study, 52% (75% male and 25% female) of the fracture cases due to motor vehicle accidents were aged 18-26 years. The most frequent etiologic factor was accident (62.9%) and the most frequent trauma type was hand and foot trauma in males (39.1%) and females (38.4%), followed by head and neck trauma in males (32.7%) and females (22.1%). Most of the fractures had occurred in the first half of 2014, and the mortality rate due to fracture was 1.3%.

Discussion & This study showed that the most frequent etiologic factor of trauma is motor vehicle accident similar to other developing countries. Therefore, providing education in this area and increasing the safety of transport systems are essential.

The expression Ahl-al- Bayt (a) refers to the household of the Prophet including Ali and Fatimah (a) and those offsprings of their marriage. This view is held by Shiites. Sunni scholars, agreeing with Shiite view, have tried to expand its meaning and to include some other Prophets, relatives and wives. This article tries to present the literal meaning of “Ahl”, family, and “Bayt”, house. Needless to say, vagueness of the meaning of Ahl-al- Bayt complicates the subject, for it is believed that charity, Sadaqat, is forbidden for Ahl- al- Bayt. On this basis, one may not consider the Prophet`s wives as belonging to Ahl-al- Bayt. Regarding this norm, Al-e Ali, Al-e Ja`far, Al-e Aqil and Al-e Abbas may also be included in Ahl-al- Bayt. However, in Sunni recorded history, where the absolute form of Ahl-al- Bayt and A`immah-e Ahl-al- Bayt are used, or in Quranic verses such as the verse Tathir and Mubahili or in diversity of opinions, the Shiite belief has been meant. In this paper, it has been intended to study the expression Ahl-al- Bayt and its referent inclusiveness as is found in Sunni`s works.

Postpartum bilateral femoral neck fracture (BFNF) is a rare condition. We here report a case of BFNF due to excessive corticosteroid consumption, twin pregnancy, immobility, and vitamin D deficiency.

Case: 

This is a report of a 32-yr-old woman with bilateral femoral insufficiency fracture five days after emergency cesarean section due to preterm labor, twin pregnancy, and the history of a previous cesarean section at 33 wk. Antenatal repeated courses of betamethasone injections for fetal lung maturity, daily oral use of prednisolone for the history of miscarriage, immobilization, and vitamin D deficiency were the important contributing factors in her past medical history and lab investigations. The bone mineral density examination showed low bone density for the expected age.

Clinicians, who deal with pregnant women, should consider the diagnosis of bilateral femoral insufficiency fracture in any pregnant women with pelvic pain. Awareness of risk factors of BFNF might help to reduce the rate of this complication.

Every governmental system - to find peoples’ satisfaction, achieve efficiency and survive - stands in the need of righteous, expert and committed managers. This requires strengthening faith-related foundations and religious beliefs in managers which brings about continuous self-control and self-supervision in them and, in turn, helps them to hold these qualifications. This can also serve as necessary and supplementary project in supervising and controlling those governmental agents and power-owners that are exposed to deviation. Also, securing the society and government requires an intelligent center for collecting, analyzing and processing the received news and then changing them into useful information on the basis of which serious decisions are made. In Alavi’s doctrine, the government is goal-oriented and toward the elevation of society, development and deepening spirituality and training godly human beings. Therefore, occasional and undetermined but systematic control and intelligent supervision of agents who have critical role in public cultural engineering is strongly emphasized. In this logic, pious socialization starts from the circle of political and managerial elites in a targeted manner and then flows into the society. Recruiting spies and establishing intelligent networks and information look-over for inspecting governmental domains and then making decision on the basis of trusted information is a course of action that can be derived from the managerial policy of Imam Ali (a). The current research has relied on commandments and managerial behavior of Imam Ali to delve into continuous supervision and control of managers as an imitating and normalizing culture.