علی سرور یعقوبی

Communicative rationality is one of the philosophical ideas popular in the West and the contemporary world. In Habermas's theory, Communicative rationality is in the sense of understanding, understanding and arrangement of how to maintain relationships with others and create understanding in value issues that takes place through relational actions and claims, arguments and critical arguments. The aim of the research is to investigate the aspects of harmony, rationality, Communicative, Habermas with aesthetic elements, conceptual metaphor, symbol, contradiction and repetition in the poem "Dalam Baraye Baghcheh Mesuzad" by Forough Farrokhzad. The results of the research showed that the aesthetic elements of the poem "Dilam Bari Baghche Mesuzad" are in harmony with the Communicative rationality presented in the poem Forough. In other words, there was a kind of action and rationality similar to Habermas' Communicative rationality in the subject of the value situation of society in the poem, but in the end, no understanding was created; An inner mental dialogue by the poet between the members of the family and, in turn, the members of the society. This rationality was marked by artistic development in the conceptual metaphor "Garden" with the subject of affection and humanity, multiple symbols, cognitive-identity contradiction and the repetition of the word "Garden" and the phrase "I worry about...". All the reviewed opinions showed that the lack of rationality, relational understanding and inattention to the collective union made Baghcha (University) sick and at risk of death. However, the purposeful promotion of intelligence as an intellectual, was envisioned as a potential garden.

Hermeneutics is such an outstanding approach in the study of humanity that is used for analyzing and interpreting text meaning, focusing on text comprehension. This article aimed to investigate a sonnet by Hossein Monzavi entitled “Your Mourning Is Epic” analytically and descriptively based on the modern hermeneutics theory. Hence first of all, encoding of the surface meaning of the poem has been done. Then, connotation of the text has been clarified on the basis of the obtained literary significations. The findings indicated that Monzavi, through combining all myths, succeeded to collapse times and places, destroyed common logic of narration, reproduced somehow the myths and recreated historical narrations in a novel context with new semantic capacities. Turning to the subjects of war and the holy defense that had governed the poems of that time, he had employed the device of combining the myth of Siavash and historical epic of Ashura as well as the similarities among the happenings and thoughts of the two events so that he would be able to strengthen the space and tone of his sonnet along the path of epic whereby his readership’s feelings would be raised and he would encourage them to maintain their sense of safeguarding their homeland as well as their religious-national values.

In the fiction literature of children and teenagers, the importance of fantasy and the influence of imagination has a special place. Considering the beauty of the components of imagination in creating an effective work, it shows the mental ability and the power of visualization in creating artistic effects that the author uses audience knowledge in the process of imagination to plan challenging and attractive situations through characterizations and The staging deals with it.In processing the imagination in the work of art, writers will be successful if they choose wisely and act purposefully.In this research, the author aims to analyze the aesthetics of imagination components in the characterization of the giant in two novels, The Great Kind Ghul by Roald Dahl and DVD Asrar al-Ghul by Mohammad Reza Marzouqi, in the form of content analysis and based on the psychological theory of imagination and characterization. Freud and with a documentary-library method, investigate and deal with the effect and importance of the role of imagination in the story and it can be concluded that the authors who have paid attention to the aesthetics of the imagination components in their work by increasing the quality of the story, attract the audience. have also been successful.

The Couplets is a semi-traditional form that was invented by modernists during the constitutional period with the aim of transforming the poetic form and was among the common forms until the Islamic Revolution. n this article, with the aim of analyzing the effect of Couplets in the transformation of classical poetry into new Nimaei poetry, the stylistics of Couplets of prominent poets of this form has been examined on three linguistic, literary and intellectual levels.

The collection of article information was done in a library manner and it was written with a descriptive and analytical approach. The analysis of the research has been written by reflecting on the collection of poems of poets who wrote Couplets and then turned to new Nimaei poetry or are among the poets of two streams. are cited among others. The poems of Nima Yoshij, Nader Naderpour, Fereydon Tavallali, Forough Farrokhzad and Fereydon Moshiri.

The Couplets form was started by the modernists as a reason for the transformation of traditionalism in the constitutional period. The analysis of Couplets after them shows that the fields of evolution of classical poetry that reached the theory of new poetry have also passed through this form. Most of the poets of new poetry, including Nima himself, have used this form at the beginning of a poem and by leaving it aside, they wrote new poetry. Abandoning classical rhyming, avoiding language problems and using difficult words, shortening sentences, paying attention to the audience and observing grammatical principles at the linguistic level, objective imagery, the use of modern elements in poetic images and images free of problems at the literary level, logical communication Language and content, realism in the content, matching the content with the issues of the society in the social and romantic theme at the intellectual level are the features of Couplets simplistic writing that has created the grounds for the transformation of classical poetry into new Nimaei poetry.

The Couplets form, which was started by the modernists during the constitutional period, is a form that has the features of simplification, the development of the simplicity of rhyme, language, images, the development of the lyrical and social content of the new Nimaei poetry.

The context and purpose of the stories written for the age group of children and adolescents, in addition to being attractive and engaging, should also contain social, instructive and educational content. Humorous literature is a good bed to help the child and adolescent audience in intellectual development while paying attention to the entertaining aspects of the story.

Leading research based on theoretical and documentary studies has been done by library method and content analysis method. The society studied in this article is five stories by contemporary satirical writers in the field of children and adolescent literature.

Some children and adolescent comedians focus only on the humorous and entertaining aspects of a work, while others focus on discovering the identity, meaning of life, and social issues in addition to the entertaining aspects of the story.

Among the authors studied, Marzooqi and Akbarpour have paid more attention to the entertainment and humor aspects of their stories, and Shafiee, Eboud, and Hashemi have significantly and significantly included in the content of their stories issues related to moral aspects, social problems, and children's intellectual issues and concerns. And adolescents.

This study aims to analyze and compare the epistemological style of education from the perspective of Rumi and critical theorists and explain its educational implications in education.

This study was a qualitative-documentary study. The research community consists of published sources in the field of education epistemology of Rumi and critics. The research sample continued until achieving data adequacy, the method of data analysis was descriptive-analytical, in this regard, the Krippendorf qualitative model has been followed.

The results of the research indicate that in Rumi's education, self-purification takes precedence over acquiring knowledge. In this epistemological journey, sensory, intellectual, perceptual, and intuitive powers are used to bring the educator closer to absolute existence. In the epistemology of education, critics, unlike Rumi, who considers education as individual, seek epistemology in the social context. They see liberation from domination, critique of the status quo, and re-creation as epistemological discourses.

In Rumi's educational thought, the originality of the soul, love for the essence of God and nearness to God prevails, while in the thought of critics, transformation, social change, communication action and reform of society prevail.

The subject of this analytical and descriptive article is the study and analysis of the patriotic poems of the famous Tajik poet, "Gol Rokhsar". Patriotism, in the last century and in the newly independent countries, was a common phenomenon and attracted the attention of many speakers. In fact, addressing the issue of the homeland is a social and political necessity for many countries that see their independence as vulnerable and endangered. Because these nations suffer from a lost identity and consider the praise of the homeland and the reliance on its history and background as a means to achieve their national identity. To achieve this lost identity, Gol Rokhsar had no choice but to rely on the ancient culture of the Tajik people, who were all under attack. Since the ethnic Tajiks are Persian-speaking and part of the body of the great Aryan and then Iranian-Islamic culture, the shadow of this ancient Aryan culture is felt on the glorious homeland of Gol Rokhsar. In any case, this Tajik poet, after fierce struggles with the opposition to the formation of the Republic of Tajikistan, given the fragile political situation of his country, not war; Rather, he considers peace, reconciliation, and dialogue to be the most effective, and for this reason he turns his bow into a pen, so that he can spread the voice of the deprivation and oppression of his people to the world. The information in this article was collected by the library method and then described analytically. The most important achievement of this article is that Gol loves his homeland more than political issues.And he honestly expresses his emotional understanding of his homeland and his countrymen.

Nezami is one of the most influential poets in the field of symbolism. Nezami's Haft Peykar is among those symbolic and innovative stories in every aspect of which there can be found a new and wonderful mystery. This study attempts to decode sevenfold domes of the poem to achieve the linkage between realms, stories, and stars. To achieve this purpose, authors studied seven realms from prominent geographers' points of view, such as Abu Ryhan Biruni and Yaghout Hamavy. Then authors examined the linkage of the above realms and stories with the seven planets. The results of this descriptive-analytical research showed that Nezami- by his creative mind and knowledge of myth, history, and symbol- has not only been able to offer the image of the ancient man's view of Heaven and the effects of the stars on his destiny but beyond that, by writing the symbolic domes, has shown Bahram's power, hero of the story beside seven princesses of seven realms and therefore, he transformed the geographical seven realms into seven symbolic countries.

The present article is a comparative study of the structure of poetic images of Hossein Manzavi and Mohammad Ali Bahmani. For this purpose, first the isolated lyric poems and then the avalanche lyric poems have been studied, and after examining the lyric poems, adaptation and analysis have been done between these two contemporary lyricists. The method of work is such that the sonnets of these two poets have been studied in the field of image (image). The abnormalities and innovations of these two lyricists in each of these sections have been done according to the selected lyric poems and some of their strengths and weaknesses have also been expressed. It is worth mentioning that the lyric poems and verses mentioned by these two poets for example have been selected in such a way that they show the personal style of these two poets and can show the possible differences and similarities between the two.The aim of this study was to find linguistic deviations in Monzavi sonnets using descriptive-analytical method in the framework of structuralism and based on Leach deviation model. Accordingly, the deviations and artistic creations of the poet are often sought for simplicity in the language of poetry and its approach to common language (simple and impossible). In general, the most common type of deviation in qualitatively and quantitatively isolated sonnets is semantic deviation. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical with library technique.

in this article, with a view to the feminist approach, we have studied and compared the theories of four contemporary men and women . in this default approach , we have found the difference in fiction and narrative style of male and female writers . the results of this study show that the main themes in men " s works are politics , society and economics, while the theme of the story is the theme of women. in this regard, in the case of women , we have seen patterns and patterns that are not in the works of men ; such as the type of woman 's look and difference in characterization of woman among the two categories, expression of female experiences, betrayal, betrayal, gender stereotypes, rape, violence against women and … . needless to say , the story of men 's narration of women is different from women .

Siavash's story is one of the Shahnameh's stories which Ferdowsi has enriched it with artistic elements of some of the story elements and storytelling techniques. Siavash grief involves the two stories of Forbidden Love and the story of Siavash deportation to Turan Land and his killing by Afrasiab, a combination of the epic and richness. This article investigates Shahnameh storytelling techniques with emphasis on fictional elements in Siavash's story and has been written using descriptiveanalytical research method. This article investigates techniques of Shahnameh's storytelling with emphasis on fictional elements in Siavash's story and has been written using descriptive-analytical research method. In mourn of Siavash the element of dialogue is used to represent the characters' thoughts, to develop the story and to advance the events, to express the characteristics of the persons, to introduce the relationships between the persons and their relationships, to illustrate, to determine the places, to specify the time, and to make space. The results show that in this story, Ferdowsi uses elements such as characterization, conflict, and plot in addition to the dialogue, and uses techniques such as suspense, arousal, rhythm, flash back, and combining epic with lyric.

Every artist uses art to express his emotions, convey his experiences and abilities, and strive to convey his inner message to his audience, trying to convey his experience and inner emotions by using words and sentences and in Various literary formats, in order or prose, choose the best way to make their sentences captivating. For this purpose, artistic imagery is the best way to express an artist's feelings and influence within the audience, because literary art creates art and creates words. It depicts them, gives them color, movement, and music, amazes their audience, and gives them a sense of fun within It makes good sense, so Adib uses this method to infiltrate the listener and convey his message to him and to keep his work alive. The present study, conducted through content analysis, compares the portrayal of masculine and feminine narratives in two novels, "Neighbors" by Ahmad Mahmoud and "My Bird" by Fariba Wafi. In his novel, Ahmad Mahmoud uses colloquial language to fit the characters of the story and does not go into detail in the descriptions, while Fariba Wafi uses colloquial language in the descriptions and details of the characters, morals and types Their thoughts are also told. In both novels, the author has used more metaphors and metaphors to illustrate.

The study of literary works from the science of psychology is a new method, which can be used to reveal the hidden layers of literary work. Shahnameh is the most important and most authentic mythic, epic, and historical document. The work that has been the product of Iranian's subconscious over the centuries whose stories tend to reinterpret and reproduce meaning over the time. The authors have tried to analyze Kaykavos' character (one of the greatest Kiani's kings in Shahnameh). From a psychological point of view, it is based on the analytical-descriptive method. This article mentions the characteristics of the paranoid disorder based on the most authoritative psychoanalysis book. That is Diagnostic Manual of Psychiatric Disorder (DSM), being compiled by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), the latest version of which has been used. This research is based on the analytical-descriptive method using library studies. Paranoia is a psycho-psychological term, which in essence, refers to a kind of intellectual disturbance or delusions, including pessimism, jealousy, self-esteem, or delusions and injuries. In psychology, it is a technical term that means having beliefs and misconceptions about others. The person has suspicion and mistrust, excessive sensitivity, and emotional responses that are limited. DSM has diagnosed the paranoid states with seven symptoms four of which should at least be observed in people with this disorder. Caring for the behavior of Kaykavos regarding the symptoms of paranoid disorder, five signs of seven signs can be identified.
The first time in the story that refers to the suspicion of Kaykavos, is Siavash's speech about his father's suspicion. In the ensuing events, he shows more of his own suspicions.
One of the obvious cases of this suspicion and falsehood is apparent in his behavior with Siavash. Before the advent of Soodabeh's love to Siavash, Kaykavos repeatedly tested his son. Siavash proved that he is a gentleman and a chaste. However, Kaykavos could not trust Siavash with confidence. Even though he smelled Siavash's dress and he did not find any trace of Soodabe's perfume on it, the suspicion vanished just by testing Siavash throughout the fire.
In this story, despite the fact that there was a big deal and Siavash was accused, Kaykavos was worried about his dignity as he feared that among his wife and son one of them may become a disgrace, thus, no one would merit Kaykavos as a king any more. He thought of his credibility and reputation and was not worried about the psychological and social harm. Even after proving Siavash's innocence, he did not treat Siavash properly. So, Siavash went away with the pretext of going to the war. He got away from his father and his conspirator wife, Soodabeh.
Following Siavash's psychological escape from the king's court towards the battle with Afrasiab, in the first days of the war, destiny made Afrasyab refuse to continue the battle and make a peace with Siavash. The least benefit of this peace was that fewer people would be killed. The enemy retreated with his will, and gave concessions to the Iranians. Therefore, there was no logical reason to continue the war and bloodshed. But Kaykavos strongly opposed reconciliation. Instead of rejoicing such an easy victory, he was worried that he might be insulted. Kaykavos thought they have contracted on peace without consulting with him therefore he thought it was so insulting to his majesty. He was also strongly influenced by his thoughts. In the attack to Mazandaran, the sudden decision of the thoughtless without any consultation with the elderlies of the court, was a small instance of the same self-serving behaviors. The self-righteousness of the king and the refusal to accept the views of others caused the elders of the court to send a messenger to Zal and tried to dissuade the king from this thought. On the basis of Paranoid disease, Kaykavos not only did not stop attacking to Mazandaran but also humiliated Zal.
This is not the only case that imprudent Kaykavos did not realize the goodwill of others. He was captured in the Hamavaran because he was disobedient and highly relied on his own interpretation of events. This caused him not to pay any attention to Soodabeh's words which warned him of his father's pobable conspiracy.
People with a paranoid disorder do not tolerate abuse or humiliation and react strongly to it. They are not able to forgive others outrage. Little outrage create a lot of hostility and the disgusting feelings continue in them for a long time. In the aftermath of Rustam's delay to come to Kaykavos' court, Kaykavos considered Rustam to insult him. He was very angry. The anger was so much that despised Rustam and ordered him to depose. Excessive anger showed severe anxiety and uncontrollable agitation. He was terribly angry with Rustam who had saved his life three times. Rustam was such a person who was always ready to sacrifice himself for the king, but he never owe him.
The storytellers of Shahnameh have cited Sohrab's story after showing the peak of Rustam's loyalty and reverence to save Kaykavos life. This picture of Rustam is to see Kaykavos' unpleasant behavior in dealing with the problem of Rustam and the death of his child. Kaykavos did not give Rustam Nushdaro on the basis of the suspicion that he had at the most sensitive moments. He caught her into the tribulation of her child's death. He was seduced by the fact that Rustam, under the backing of Sohrab, wanted to take kingdom over from him. His disturbing words showed that he is doubtful about loyalty of Rustam and is pessimistic about him. He blamed Rustam for Siavash's peace. Not only wasn't Kaykavos grateful to him, but also he blamed him. Kaykavos thought Rustam persuaded Syavash to agree on peace with afrasyab. He accused Rustam that he thinks only about wealth and assets and this pessimistic view can express the inner doubt of the king against Rustam. Kaykavos is the son of Kayghobad. He is a great king in the Shahnameh. His characteristic is not similar to his father's. He was under the influence of id. He was suspicious as he thought that others want to injure him. He was hesitant and suspicious and thought his friends are not loyal and reliable, thus, he withdrew from Siavash's peace. These show that he was suffering from a paranoid disorder.

"Ghmyad" or "nostalgia" people's regret and nostalgia for a past that Srgzrandhand; in fact, nostalgia mental state that such person appears unconscious. In the field of literature and rhetoric Srayndgany continuous mode on themes that are more intuitive, had several impacts. The poet Citizen, light Kermanshah (power speaking persian poet) and Ali Olfati (Krdygvy poet) of different species that have benefited nostalgia in his poems. The authors of this paper try using descriptive analytical, common Drvn Mayh Hay ranging from nostalgia nostalgic childhood away from her lover, Mrgandyshy and the passage of time, loss of values ​​and ...- in Kermanshah's poems review.

The purpose of this article is the study of the element of parable in the poems of Nader Naderpoor; it is based on the M A thesis entitles: A Study of rhetorical and expression techniques in Naderpoor’s collection of Poems. A part of this article has focused on the element of parable. An attempt is made in this article to find out the ways through which Naderpoor has used parables in his work. What are his parables based on? What are the sources used by him? These are the questions, the author intends to answer. This article is library based and descriptive.

Imagery and imagination are considered as fundamental bases in poetry and have the greatest portion in embellishment and effectiveness on the reader. There are thousands of events around the poet such as tools used for creating image. These themes are variable during different eras whereas some of them will continue like some strings in different eras and in different styles and will bear the load of poet's imagination. Among these elements, the sea themes have much more application during all eras and specifically in Saeb's poetry these themes have dramatic imaginative function in similes, metaphors and other imagery appearance.

Imagery and imagination are the essential components of poetry in such a way that they can be regarded as differentiating factor, separating prose from poetry.  In other words, imagination is the very essence of poetry.  In this article attempt is made to investigate the common grounds between the Old Persian poetry with Contemporary poetry in terms of poetic criteria such as similarities in imagery, and the function of elements involved in imagination. These elements are either taken from the nature which exists throughout all times and places and is constant, yet differs from the geographical and regional point of view, or they are environmental phenomena which tend to change with the passage of time and change in the mode of living.  Thus, the strongest bond between these two styles could have been made on the basis of elements of nature and their function in imagery. With the aid of such criteria, one can judge whether there is a bond between the two styles or they are entirely different.