علی شایان

According to the overarching paradigm of New Public Governance, the development of e-government requires innovative collaboration, with the innovation ecosystem serving as one of its most prominent examples. This study adopts a structural approach, leveraging the ecosystem metaphor to propose a theoretical framework for the innovation ecosystem of e-government. The research methodology is grounded in the grounded theory approach. To validate the constructs of the proposed framework, selected high-level policy documents of Iran were analyzed using a deductive approach. Based on the content analysis of 23 selected articles from an initial pool of 1,596 sources, the constructs of the proposed framework for the e-government innovation ecosystem were identified and categorized into three main components: actors, platforms, and active citizens, each comprising specific subcomponents. The proposed framework, by identifying and categorizing the various dimensions of the e-government innovation ecosystem, helps innovation managers and policymakers consider the capabilities of actors and the dynamics of the environment in governance. This enables them to optimally harmonize and promote innovative development in e-government.

While the primary goal of smart cities is to create a better quality of life for urban residents, some researchers believe that this goal has largely remained as a slogan, and the objectives of smart cities are more aligned with and in favor of the interests of other stakeholders such as governmental institutions and private companies. Even in cases where citizen-centric approaches have been emphasized and implemented, it is observed that citizens are merely users of smart city services or only act as sensors in the city, without playing a role in shaping and creating initiatives for participation in the governance of their cities. Taking these challenges into account in the realm of smart city management, transforming the management models of smart cities is imperative. In this article, through a systematic literature review using the PRISMA protocol, we identified the different roles of citizens and factors influencing citizen participation in smart cities. Finally, we address the question of whether the current trend indicates a lack of creative involvement and real participation of citizens in smart city projects, and whether there is a need to introduce a new paradigm for the evolution of the idea of a smart city. We believe that there is indeed a need for this new paradigm, which we have termed the Responsive Smart City.

In this research, the researchers are looking for a mechanism for future-proofing digital governance in the direction of urban smartness with a sustainability approach based on scenario writing in Tehran. The research method is mixed in terms of how to check the data, and for that purpose both quantitative research strategies (in expert data) and qualitative method strategy (in interview content analysis) are used. In terms of the nature of the data, the current research uses both quantitative and qualitative methods. This article is a basic-applied research and is of exploratory type and its main goal is to identify the environmental drivers related to the subject of the research, so the research is of a fundamental type. At the same time, the achievements of that measure are included in urban management, especially in relevant organizations including municipality. Therefore, it is also considered practical. The statistical community of the research includes elites, managers and senior experts, whose opinions can be used in the field of digital governance and urban smartness with a sustainable approach. Findings based on the obtained results show that the first scenarios in the areas of intelligence, participation-oriented, transparency, structural measures, integration, culturalization and stabilization are the best situations and the sixth scenario and to some extent the fifth scenario show the worst possible situations. The second to fourth scenarios are mostly based on the least changes in the main factors and shows progress in only one factor and regression in one factor. The results of the research showed that capacity building to create the right to access information, increase law enforcement, discipline urban management mechanisms, strengthen internal platforms in order to network and secure information in the direction of urban smartness through the implementation of digital governance requirements.

Today, the boundaries of organizations have become wider and various agents and stakeholders have been placed within the boundaries of the organization. Studies indicate that organizations and cities alone are not able to create value and to create better value, they need cooperation and interaction with customers and citizens. With the expansion of the Internet and information technology, customers and citizens are more interested in participating in the process of ideation and production of products and services. Therefore, paying attention to their opinions and ideas and increasing their participation is very important for organizations and cities.In the urban area and smart city, citizen participation is one of the principles and requirements of future cities. To solve today's challenges and problems in this field, innovative approaches with the participation of citizens are needed. Urban living labs are one of the methods used to create cooperation and interaction between citizens and organizations to improve urban life and create value. These labs seek to provide collaborative solutions by citizens for sustainable urban development.Considering the important role of living labs in the development of citizens' participation and sustainable development of cities, and despite the establishment of various urban living labs in developed countries, no significant research and operational action has been taken in the country. This research deals with the systematic review of literature in the field of urban living labs and its role in citizens' participation. In terms of data collection, this research is meta-synthesis and in terms of purpose, it is an applied study. In order to collect data, the articles of WoS and Scopus databases were reviewed and studied and the content of these articles was analyzed and coded using MaxQda software, and according to the analysis and summarization, living labs facilitates participatory governance, facilitating urban innovation, facilitating learning and social innovation, strengthening the role of citizens in urban development, creating collaborative decision-making and facilitating collective participation.

In recent years, the development of digital tools and the expansion of big data resources have provided new opportunities for service enhancement and increased efficiency within tax administrations. The reforms are prerequisites for digital transformation (DT), which through substantial alterations to procedures and organizational structures, allows tax organizations to respond better to the changing taxpayer’s needs. In this regard, organizational agility is the major factor that contributes to both the speed of digital transformation and its successful implementation. On the other hand, by giving a coordinated management framework, information technology governance (ITG) supports the enhancement of DT strategies. This study aims to examine the effect of ITG on the DT maturity of the Iranian Tax Administration, through the mediating role of organizational agility. The research uses a way of description through the relationship and collection of data, which was done by questionnaires from the employees and managers of the Iranian Tax Administration. The reliability of the questionnaires was tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient while their validity was verified through confirmatory factor analysis. Statistical data analysis was carried out using structural equation modeling and LISREL software. As per the result of this study, ITG positively affects DT maturity, which is facilitated through increased organizational agility. Therefore, tax administrations with high ITG and organization agility perform better in their digital transformation projects. Accordingly, these findings might be useful for developing digital transformation plans within tax organizations)

Recently there are remarkable interests about business ecosystems in businesses and academic environments and increasing. Regarding special characteristics of business ecosystems, it is expected that management concepts including strategy and strategizing are different in business ecosystems and they have special specifications and require special considerations. In this research and using related articles published in this area, we review previous researches and extract related concepts and themes about strategazing in business ecosystems and realation between them and to design an integrated model for strategizing in business ecosystem’s life cycle.

To identify related themes about strategizing in business ecosystems, we use Metasynthesis and Sandelowski and Barroso method in this research that the mothod includes seven steps. Published articles in this area between 1993 to 2021 and in top scientific databases are reviewed by the research group. These databases include Science Direct, Emerald, Scopus and EBSCO. In addition and regarding the importance of some journals, the resarch group considered articles of four pioneer journals by Berry-picking and Journal Runs and Hand Searching method to be sure that all influential articles are reviewed. These four pioneer journals include Harvard Business Review, MIT Sloan Management Review, California Management Review and Strategic Management Journal. We reviewed related articles and screened articles three times and at the end, 107 articles selected and studied in this research. We extracted required information from these selected articles and then categorized and synthesized them to extract concepts and themes.

Using Metasynthesis results, 10 themes about strategizing in business ecosystems are identified including Ecosystem Creation Motivators, Ecosystem Drivers, Ecosystem Goal, Ecosystem Boundary, Strategic Positions in Ecosystem, Strategic Roles in Ecosystem, Critical Health Factors of Ecosystem, Ecosystem Challenges, Ecosystem Dynamism, and Strategizing in Ecosystem that every theme has its sub-themes and concepts. These themes are related together and can make an integrated model to describe how different factors influence strategizing in business ecosystems and how designers and managers of an ecosystem can nurture an acosystem by deliberately strategic initiatives.

In the end and using identified themes and regarding the relationships between them, an integrated model for strategizing in business ecosystems’ life cycle are designed by the researchers. In this model and based on the research question, strategizing has a dynamic charactristics and is a continuous attempt during whole life cycle of business ecosystem and plays as a core of the model. There are several motivators that encourage different ecosystem players to participate in the ecosystem. While these motivators exist, the ecosystem evolve and otherwise will collapse. On the other hand, customer value proposition is the core goal that whole ecosystem moves toward that goal and strategizing is a leading engine that pushes the ecosystem toward this goal. In addition to strategizing, there are some soft and hard drivers that provide dynamism for ecosystem. After creating ecosystem, different participants play various roles in the ecosystem that based on their responsibiliy, they are assigned to special positions and these positions determine the strategic role of every participant in the ecosysetm. Participants influence the strategizing in the ecosystem by these strategic roles. Also, strategic positions maybe change by ecosystem dynamism and then they are dynamic. By prticipation of players in the ecosystem, the boundary of ecosystem will be detremined that include players in different strategic positions. According to the model, this boundary is dynamic and based on the different factor, the boundary can change during ecosystem’s life cycle. Survival and competitiveness of an ecosystem deponds on its health. During evolution of the ecosystem, different factors emerge that based on these factors we can evaluate healthiness of ecosystem that we call them Critical Health Factors. These factors play a very important role in decision about ecosystem strategies. Ecosystem challenges are other factors that influence strategizing in ecosystem that these challenges related to charactristics of ecosystems and these challenges must be considered for any strategic initiatives. But ecosystem dynamism is the crucial issue in ecosystem strategizing that accomplish by ecosystem’s life cycle. Comprehensive understanding of this dynamism is so important for strategizing in an ecosystem. Also, dynamism variables are the most important issue about ecosystem dynamism. These variables make dynamism in the ecosystem or they will be affacted by ecosystem dynamism. These dynamism variables influence on strategizing in ecosystem and also will be affacted by new strategies and changes. In addition to strategic roles, strategic challenges and dynamism variables, there are another factors that impact on strategizing that we call them as Effective Factors on Strategizing. These factors have mutual relationship with strategizing and they have dynamism charactristics. In addition, Strategic Approach is another factor that can influence strategizing in ecosystem. Every strategic approach has its own requirements and can make different effect on strategizing in ecosystem. These strategic approaches are related to strategic positions and ecosystem dynamism. Regarding complexity of strategizing in ecosystems, it is necessary to consider all these themes together simultaneously and also their relationship. This comprehensive understanding leads to a best decision during strategy develpoment and execution and this designed model is the most comprehensive known model for strategizing in business ecosystems.

The characteristics of today's businesses have led managers to pay attention to their business from ecosystem point of view and this attention is increasing. Considering businesses from the business ecosystem point of view will lead to significant differences in comparison to considering a specific business and will transform analyses and actions from the individual level to the collective level. However, the prerequisite for any analysis or action in the field of ecosystems is to identify the characteristics of ecosystems. In order to specify the characteristics of business ecosystems and using Metasynthesis, published articles in four databases and specifically four reputable journals are reviewed and after evaluating and screening the articles, 54 articles are selected and carefully studied and the information obtained are combined and interpreted. According to the Metasynthesis results, the characteristics of ecosystems can be classified into five main characteristics including Structural Characteristics, Interactive Characteristics, Evolutionary Characteristics, Social Characteristics and Governance Characteristics that every characteristic includes sub-characteristics and concepts and all together make the framework of business ecosystems’ characteristics. These characteristics affect all dimensions of an ecosystem and comprehensive knowledge about them is a valuable guide for any research or action in ecosystems.

Various frameworks have been presented for modeling innovation ecosystems. Despite the overlap of some components, each one lacks some components mentioned in the other, which can damage their boundary object. Therefore, the current research deals with the typology of modeling structures of innovation ecosystems.

The current research is exploratory in terms of purpose, basic in terms of usage, and secondary research in terms of the method using the systematic review process. To collect data, the library method and the phishing tool were used. The research community included modeling articles of innovation ecosystems and the research sample included 17 articles out of 1321 primary references. The research strategy in the analysis of articles is based on comparative qualitative content analysis and the quality control of the research is based on the criteria for measuring the quality of qualitative research.

based on analyzing selective articles , The modeling constructs of innovation ecosystems were identified and categorized into three levels: (1) Axial construct (active and passive) (2) actor-level construct (role emersion and types of acting roles) (3) background-level constructs including environment (institutional and Macro environmental conditions) , capacities (hard and soft) and orienteers (foresight, ecosystem vision and ecosystem life cycle).

The findings of the research enable the policy makers to modify, align and rearrange its constructs in terms of the multiple dimensions of the innovation ecosystems, and by avoiding the asynchrony or dispersion of the decisions of constructs, smoothen the ground for adopting flexible and realistic policies.

The rail freight industry in Iran has been faced several challenges which affected its performance. Notwithstanding that Internet of Things leverage is rapidly increasing in railway industries-as an experienced solution in other countries-, Iran’s rail freight industry has not been involved in, yet. Related research and experiment has not been identified in Iran, as well. The aim of this survey is to identify the effects of the implementation of Internet of Things in the Rail Freight Industry in Iran. To gather the data, the Delphi method was selected, and the Snowball technique was used for organizing a Panel including twenty experts. To evaluate the outcomes, IQR, Binomial tests, and Mean were calculated. Several statements were identified and there was broad consensus on most of them, which approved that their implementation affects the Iranian rail freight industry, but in different ranks. Finally, the results formed in the Balanced Scorecard’s format. The internal business process has been affected more than the other aspects by the approved statements. Eleven recognized elements are affected in different ranks, including Internal Business Process, Financial, Learning, and Growth, Customers. The Financial perspective remarked as least consensus and the Internal Business Process has received the extreme consensus. The research outcomes can be used to improve the strategic planning of the Iranian rail freight industry by applying the achievements of information technology in practice.

Assessment the economic impact of the tacit knowledge of university faculty members, who are considered one of the main sources of knowledge, through identifying and measuring the performance indicators of the educational, research and management activities of university faculty members. The tacit knowledge management of university faculty members needs an evaluation model to direct the knowledge potential towards functional activities with economic impact. The strategy of this research is a survey, and after examining the background of the research with studies of scientific sources, a questionnaire, and its design and development by adapting to scientific sources and experts, and with the analysis of Cronbach's alpha test, it is evaluated and it is a number. Regression analysis method is used in the inferential statistics section. The statistical sample of these researchers is the Faculty of Management in Tehran State Universities, 104 of whom participated in this research. The results of this research show us that out of 15 performance indicators of tacit knowledge, seven indicators include: (empowering courses, published articles, research projects, innovative ideas and plans/laboratory product production, work success/product branding , activity in the type of knowledge-based companies and evaluation of research performance) their economic impact has been confirmed and eight other indicators include: (years of experience, level of education, teaching courses, supervisors and advisors for theses and dissertations, patents, authoring and translating books, evaluation of educational performance, evaluation of managerial performance) their economic impact was not confirmed. In this model, the economic evaluation of tacit knowledge is presented based on the total scores of economic performance indicators.

With fast development and application, the Internet of Things (IoT) brings more opportunities to business. In the age of the Internet of Things as a disruptive technology, strategies can quickly fall behind, so the rhythm of planning has to keep pace. As well, the IoT concepts have to be added to the strategic agenda. Despite the importance of IoT strategic planning, few studies have been conducted on a suitable model for it. In this paper, to develop such a model using the meta-synthesis method, a systematic review was applied. Finally, the IoT strategic planning model with 4 components and 11 sub-components and their sequence was developed. “Identifying IoT business opportunities”, “evaluating IoT technical capabilities”, “evaluating IoT organizational capabilities”, and “economic feasibility of providing IoT technical and organizational capabilities” have been introduced as the components of the IoT strategic planning model. The model presented in this paper is general, but the implementation of each component, in any organization, industry, or sector (including the public sector) may have operational differences.

Teachers evaluation as one of the essential educational needs has an important role in improving educational quality and developing smart schools. The lack of implementation of a systematic and scientific evaluation system not only will discourage committed teachers, but also will have consequences such as reduced commitment and leave the organizational work. Therefore, the present study attempts to present a fuzzy inference system (FIS) model to evaluate the performance of teachers working in smart schools of Yazd province. In this regard, after reviewing the literature and identifying the factors affecting performance evaluation in two sections of computer literacy and classroom performance, the fuzzy Delphi technique was used to get experts agreement (20 experts) on the model’s final criteria. The ambiguity and complexity of performance appraisal criteria, especially qualitative criteria, as well as the use of verbal variables for extracting expert opinions, led to the use of fuzzy inference system for analyzing model components. In the case of the under study schools, the output of the system indicates that the status of smart school teachers in the basic courses and content production criteria is at intermediate level, in the Internet and educational supplementary software is at a relatively high level, and in the educational content development and electronic evaluation is at a low level. Based on these findings, teachers performance in smart schools was evaluated as medium level. Finally, some suggestions were proposed to improve the current status of smart schools.

The Internet of Things (IoT) and enterprise architecture are two empowering concepts that lead to a competitive advantage for the organization. The purpose of this study is to design an IoT-based enterprise architecture for the Iranian Social Security Organization.

To achieve the research goal, the inspection unit's processes were revised and written through an IoT-based piece of hardware, and the first and second row of the Zachman framework (planner and owner) for the Social Security's inspection unit were completed. In this study, the statistical population included SSO academic and industry experts in the field of Internet of Things and enterprise architecture are the selected samples. The collected data was analyzed by questionnaires of academic and industry experts with Chi-square (Chi-square) and Wilcoxon statistical tests.

 Finally, in terms of the research hypotheses (effect of the Internet of Things on pillars of the Zachman framework including data, function, network, people, time and motivation) the fifth hypothesis was rejected and other hypotheses were confirmed.

This research is an applied research in the field of organizational knowledge management and its main goal is to improve the process of knowledge acquisition in the studied organization. For this purpose, a fuzzy expert system has been designed to suggest the most suitable knowledge acquisition technique and after validation, it has been implemented and used in two departments of this organization.

This research is a descriptive research in terms of method. The knowledge required to design an expert system includes theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge.The theoretical support of the research was prepared by the method of library studies and the review of scientific sources, but the required practical knowledge was obtained by the questionnaire tool and by the field method. Fuzzy Delphi method was used to determine system inputs and T- Student method was used to determine system outputs. Data analysis was also done with SPSS and Excel software. Finally, Fuzzy toolbox of MATLAB software was used to design and test the system, and for validation, the system error rate was calculated.

The findings of the research include determining 9 knowledge acquisition techniques that can be used in the organization, as system output, determining 7 factors influencing the selection of knowledge acquisition technique as system input, explaining 184 fuzzy rules to form the required knowledge base and in Finally, the design of the fuzzy expert system suggests the appropriate technique of knowledge acquisition.

The designed system was implemented in two subsets of the studied organization (a educational center and a research center). In the educational center, the "concept map" technique and in the research center, the "round table" technique was suggested by the system as the most appropriate technique.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, innovation policy scholars have spoken in new and innovative terms about new phenomena in the field of innovation policy, which are different from the common paradigms of the innovation policy scene, namely research and development and the innovation system. This emerging approach, which is based on theories of multi-level perspective (MLP), transition management (TM), strategic niche management (SNM), and responsible research and innovation (RRI), has been considered by many researchers and has become popular as a paradigm shift in scientific sources. In this article, by systematically reviewing the history of the transformational paradigm, 33 articles were selected from 994 articles searched in the Scopus database and studied to extract the theoretical foundations, rationales, and policy implications of this paradigm. Accordingly, the lack of correlation between social and environmental development with technology advancement, the role of the regime and the niche as the symbols of resistance and change, the normative orientation of innovation, and the need for systemic innovation as theoretical foundations; Multi-level approach, endogenous and participatory approach, radical change in gradual stages, diversity and guided choice and simultaneous attention to development and destruction as rationales; and development perspectives in the field of change, organizing and supporting new markets, entrepreneurial experimentation, transformation in the pattern of legitimacy, and tangible change in the regime's laws were identified as policy implications of the paradigm. Finally, attention to the geography and global political economy, consideration of the unsustainable development (especially in the developing context), and the development of the roles of market, businesses and intermediaries were proposed as the policy implications for the development and implementation of transformative change paradigm.

Although the analysis of paths and factors of countries development has always been a field of interest for researchersAlthough the analysis of the causes, factors and  features of the countries’ development pathways has always been a field of interest for researchers, only in recent years, researchers have sought to quantify the distinctive attributes of national development pathways. One of the innovative approaches developed to this end, is entitled “Economic Complexity Atlas”. Based on the assumption that most of the developed countries have pursuit the pathway of related diversification for economic growth, that is, moving towards industries similar to their existing industries, it maintains that, there are a few countries which have taken advantage of unrelated diversity for their development. The question is what has been the development path of Iran? Using related or unrelated diversification? To answer these questions, the present article examines 92 countries and 727 products from 1962 to 2016, to, identify, first, the unrelated development paths of the countries and second, through analytical comparison, to gain a better understanding of the path pursued by Iran. The results showed that the focus on industries such as the oil and mining industry, which is one of the primary industries on the one hand, and the small number of unrelated products on the other hand, has caused Iran to be trapped in the industries that rely mainly on natural resources; therefore, it cannot move toward the path with more diverse products.

Innovation is a tool to achieve economic and social goals and is increasingly important as a key driver of development. Despite the success of a large number of researches in term of technical, a limited number of commercialization stages have been successfully completed, This indicates the complexity and the existence of various obstacles to commercialization. In this research, the actors in the field of commercialization and their functions and structural interactions with each other are drawn in the form of an institutional mapping. Considering 7 functions including policy and regulation, technological entrepreneurship, financing and investment, science and technology monitoring, facilitation, research and development, and training and development of science and technology diplomacy and examples of each of these functions, the actors of the commercialization system Science and technology were categorized. The purpose of this research is the pathology of science and technology commercialization system in the country and the authors also analyze pathology and pathology by using institutional mapping and stakeholder analysis, studying gray sources and interviewing experts. Based on the results, structurally and institutionally, there are several challenges and gaps in the commercialization system of science and technology, which are mentioned in detail in this study in proportion to the functions and actors involved.

The contemporary world is facing numerous, momentous and intertwined environmental, technological, economic, political, and cultural challenges. In this regard, in the last two decades, scholars have developed social, environmental, sustainable, responsible, inclusive, mission-oriented and challenge-oriented policy approaches to expand the policy discourse of transformative innovation in response to the shortcomings of the systematic innovation policy discourse. However, the distinction between the philosophical foundations of the discourses is relatively hard; therefore the divergence of research is extremely likely due to the ambiguity in the scope and precise theoretical definition of the alternate discourse. On the other hand, despite the theoretical development, transformational policymaking has not been very popular among policymakers due to its unknown nature. Therefore, this article aims to identify the equivalent, differentiating, and exclusive aspects of systematic and transformative innovation policy discourses. In this regard, based on the systematic background review method, first, the keywords of the discourses were searched in the Scopus database and 2401 English journal articles were identified. Then 42 articles were selected based on the title, abstract and content filtering and were studied to extract the philosophical foundations of the discourses. Based on the findings, the dependence of the innovation trajectory on the regime, participation based on the impossibility of centralized policymaking, and diverse and evolutionary selection were identified as the equivalent features. Also, attitudes toward the role of innovation (key position in economic development against the lack of social and environmental development with technological progress), typology of the required innovation (within the system versus beyond the system), the policy intervention rationale (system failure versus transformation failure) and the level of policymaking (emphasis on the national level against the multi-level approach) were suggested as differentiating factors. Finally, non-market, institutional, and social development, non-linear approach to innovation, and the inherent lack of optimality were identified as the exclusive dimensions of systematic innovation discourse, while the necessity of a normative approach toward innovation, attention to both development and destruction, and radical change in gradual stages were recommended as the exclusive aspects of transformational innovation discourse.

Competitiveness and high speed of production and utilization of knowledge in today's world, how to turn it into a stream of economic returns for researchers and investors has become one of the main policy challenges. Commercialization of science and technology is a multidimensional activity, with dimensions such as legal, financial and marketing. Therefore, it requires a systematic approach to consider stakeholders, functions, environmental conditions and other factors affecting the commercialization process. This study seeks to provide a framework for the commercialization analysis of science and technology through a systematic review of the field. Therefore, the research method is descriptive-documentary in terms of practical purpose . To select the articles, by searching in valid databases, 47 documents that were published in the period of 2021-2015, were identified as relevant and valid documents, and then the selected documents were reviewed and coded by the meta-combined method. Finally, the analysis The theme leads to the identification of three categories, dimensions of analysis: financial, political, cultural, human, infrastructure, network and interactions, actors: specialized manpower, higher education and research institutions, financial institutions, technology brokers, specialized service providers, extension institutions , Regulatory and policy-making institutions and functions: policy-making and regulation, technological entrepreneurship, financing and investment, science and technology monitoring, facilitation, research and development, and education and development of science and technology diplomacy

This research aims at investigating the relationship between organizational factors (organizational justice and ethical climate) and job burnout of NAJA employees in Guilan province.

The method of the research is descriptive- correlational and from the objective point of view, it's a practical research. The statistical population includes all of the staff members of NAJA organization in Guilan province, which according to the sampling rules in structural equation modeling, sample size is estimated 150 persons, which after distribution of 180 questionnaires, 169 out of them were collected and then, analyzed using SPSS and SMART PLS softwares.

the results showed that three dimensions of organizational justice (procedural, distributive and interactive) have significant relationship with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. In addition, ethical climate mediates the relationship among distributive, procedural and interactive justice with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization.

The increase in all three dimensions of organizational justice will led to decrease in work pressures and stresses, emerge of positive emotions and strengthen of work spirit in employees and among these, interactive justice has a stronger effect. According to the significant role of ethical climate, the improvement of ethical climate is useful for improvement of employees’ mental and physical conditions and their work concentration.

Extended Abstract Abstract Over the past decade, e-government domain has attracted a lot of attention throughout the world. to get Desirable level of satisfaction, Governments seek to provide high quality services to citizens. However, to provide high quality services, it is essential to study the evaluation method of e-government services quality. In this study, firstly, by systematic review of previous studies, models and frameworks for assessing the quality of traditional, electronic and e-government services have been identified and a list of dimensions has been developed to assess the quality of provided services. Therefore, in this research, 14 service quality evaluation framework/models (traditional, e-government, and e-government) have been systematically reviewed and extracted according to research questions analyzed and a framework for assessing the quality of e-government services has been provided. The goal is to cover the weaknesses of different models with the strengths of other framework/models and to improve the defects in the new framework. Then, considering the situation in Iran, the dimensions and components of the proposed framework were presented by a questionnaire consisting of a semi-structured questionnaire (a combination of open and closed questions) with a survey of e-government experts, an analysis and model for Iran.

With introduction of big data technologies into business sector and developments that have been made in this area, it is necessary to conduct studies on the evaluation of big data ecosystem in the country. Since there is no big data ecosystem assessment model so far, the present paper seeks to present a model of big data ecosystem assessment in Iran using metaphor of the natural ecosystem assessment model. The model for natural ecosystem assessment in this research is the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment model. Using this model, the ecosystem of services offered in big data area in the country has been evaluated with the aim of meeting the needs of the end user. To this end, the Millennium ecosystem assessment model has first been studied. By identifying the key dimensions of the model, the big data ecosystem assessment model has been developed using the concept of metaphor. Then the evaluation steps are described using the developed model. Finally, by examining the industry of big data in the country, the results of the big data ecosystem assessment in the country have been obtained and solutions have been proposed to improve its status. According to the results, it can be said that the largest number of active companies in big data market are the companies that provide infrastructure and analysis services. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the required support for development of transmission, storage and analysis of infrastructures in the country. The most influential driver for providing the big data services in the country is the emergence of new technologies. Technology will affect the performance of the companies and therefore its services, and so the familiarity of the companies with the new technologies and the use of new technological solutions to provide better services to customers can affect the performance of companies

According to the increasing population of the metropolises, creating smart cities is an inevitable issue in the modern world today. Smart city development is a dynamic design which mobilizes the IT sources of organizations and their affiliated companies in support of and advancement of their goals. Considering the global experiences in which municipalities have been the focus of development in the creation of smart cities and have the most connection with the citizens; this research is focused on the Tehran municipality and also based upon the need for these companies develop a strategic framework to increase their efficiency, and their success in the target market, and meet the needs of citizens. Therefore, this research has been written in order to develop the strategies of these companies for the development of Tehran’s metropolis as a smart city.  This research has a descriptive-qualitative approach and it analyzes the data from the research strategy of data-grounded theory. The present research has proposed concepts such as operational strategy, decision strategy, work force strategy, marketing strategy, financial strategy and strategic focus, which are among the main strategies for smart city development; In the area of decision-making strategy, the decision-making factor of advisory; and in the area of operational strategy, innovation, performance management and process factors; and in the area of financial strategy, Financial Management, Cost leadership, Outsourcing factors; and in the area of work force strategy, Human resources management, Organizational Culture, Education, Competency Management, Participatory Management factors; and in the area of marketing strategy, market management, after sales service, users, Pricing and Sales factors; and in the area of strategic focus, Focused production, are identified as appropriate strategies.

Technological catch-up is one of the key issues of technology development in developing countries and determining the appropriate catch-up process based on the environmental, institutional, and characteristics of different industries is a requirement of a successful catch-up. Review of the field of technology studies suggests that few empirical and theoretical studies have been conducted to determine the proper technological catch-up process for biopharmaceutical companies. Therefore, this paper try to investigate and explain appropriate process of technological catch-up of biopharmaceutical firms based on biopharmaceutical sector and country’s conditions. To this end, in this paper, through the case studies of successful companies in the field of biomedicine in Iran, the technology catch-up of these companies was analyzed. For this purpose, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using theme analysis and coding, and the output of the analysis was presented in the form of a model. This paper shows that the studied companies first developed the capabilities of production (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API), formulation, and obtaining health approvals) then entered the production process innovation. Finally, the studied companies have engaged in development of existing strains. This paper also shows that firms should obtain simpler capability (formulation) before obtaining more complex one (API production), is not seem to be followed by any of the studied companies. On contrary, obtaining the API production capability can be one of right approach in technological catching-up of biopharmaceutical firms.