علی شکری

Although the political crime courts are mentioned in the country's constitution, after more than 40 years, the number of courts formed to deal with political crimes is still very limited. Although the definition of a political criminal and his rights have been studied in detail by researchers, the current situation of political criminals in the process of criminal proceedings has received less attention from researchers.This research answers the question of whether the current procedural and substantive law has the power to protect the rights of political criminal by requiring the judicial authorities to form a political crime court? By examining the legal process of dealing with political crimes, it has been found that despite granting him special privileges in the process of investigation, the lack of differential procedure has caused the political criminal to enter the criminal process like other criminals. Despite the fact that the law of political crimes considers the determination of the motive of the perpetrator as a condition in political crimes, in practice, in the process of criminal investigation, there is no suitable platform for considering the determination of the motive of the perpetrator, as well as a suitable mechanism to defend his right in this process.And the silence of the legislator causes personal interpretations of the regulations by the judicial authorities, as a result of which there is no opportunity to form political courts.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of political participation in modern democracy in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Modern democracy is considered one of the main parts of political life in most countries of the world today, and it is one of the pillars of democracy. It can play an important role in the participation and supervision of citizens on the performance and decisions of political system workers, the parliament and the parliamentary system and its special role in various countries in the affairs of elections and in the Islamic Republic, hence this question has been raised. Is it possible to consider whether political participation can have a significant impact in modern democracy or not? The main purpose of this article is to explore political participation in modern democracy and in the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, so it can be said that one of the main axes of the process of political developments, especially in countries, especially in Iran, from the constitution .It has been the desire for democracy, in the conditions of democracy, it has been associated as one of the theoretical and important problems of Iranian intellectual-political currents, including socialism, Islamist and liberalism, and these currents speak of the value and desirability of democracy. In this regard, democracy is the result of popular legitimacy and popular and institutional participation based on law and legality and controlled and under the supervision of legal authority and includes political diversity and plurality.

‎In recent decades researchers introduced many numerical methods for solving partial differential equations. Some of these methods have limitations in solving problems with complex domains because of the need to construct meshes. Therefore, scientists developed a new set of numerical methods called meshless methods. In this paper, we introduce the direct meshless local Petrov-Galerkin method to the numerical study of the nonlinear two-dimensional Fisher equation. This method is based on the local weak form of the equation and uses the generalized moving least square method to approximate the unknown function. To show the efficiency and capability of the method, we report the numerical results in regular and irregular domains with a uniform and scattered distribution of nodes. Comparison of the obtained results with other methods indicates the accuracy and efficiency of this method.

This article, entitled "The Role of Azerbaijan's Intellectual Dynamism in establishing the Idea of the National Government in Iran" has been implemented in an analytic-descriptive method and Barry Buzan's approach to the government and its main purpose is a scholarly analysis of the role and contribution of Azerbaijani thinkers and reformers in formation and development of national identity and the idea of nationalism in Iran. In the history of Iran, Azerbaijan has had a special position in and this position has become more prominent in contemporary history. This region has been the gateway for entrance of new ideas and thoughts of the Western world to Iran and Asia in recent centuries. One of these ideas that can be pointed out is the concept of nationalism. This idea is a theoretical structure concept for cohesion and unification of the nation and strengthening the foundations of independence and territorial integrity of the country. Azerbaijani thinkers were considering the prevalence of nationalism necessary to preserve the independence and territorial integrity of the country and developing the ideas of democracy and constitutionalism. The great people such as Akhodzadeh, Mostasharadoleh, Talbof and Taghizadeh are four great thinkers and reformers in this field who had a unique role in developing the components of nationalism. They consider the concepts like territory, the history and common religion and language as a strengthening and important factor in Iranian identity and in addition to the thinkers of this region,

Helmand has long been the main artery of Sistan life and has always played a decisive role for it; However, since the unfair division of the region between Iran and Afghanistan and the lack of sufficient water (for various reasons) in the region, Helmand has gradually become an issue and crisis for the people of Sistan and the Iranian government and the source of differences between the two neighboring countries. This discrepancy has gradually become more pronounced and has taken on a national dimension, with frequent droughts, population growth, mismanagement of water resources, and increased demand for water.This article intends to provide a realistic solution to overcome this crisis and reduce its consequences, while reviewing the historical course of the Helmand issue and the consequences of water shortages and enumerating the existing challenges. Accordingly, the main question of the research is what is the cause of the persistence of the Helmand problem and what strategies and policies can be used to manage the negative effects and consequences of this historical problem in order to eliminate or mitigate it? According to the hypothesis of this study, preventing Afghanistan from entering the share of Helmand water, numerous droughts, especially during the last three decades, and short-term and sometimes ineffective solutions to the Helmand problem, has led to the sustainability of this problem that can be solved by Sentences of constructive diplomacy with the Afghan side, recourse to international law, proper management of water entering the country, observing the pattern of proper cultivation, mechanized irrigation and creating employment in other industries will reduce the negative effects of this issue. This research has tried to study this issue in order to achieve tangible and feasible solutions in a more comprehensive and wide-ranging way. The research has been done with an interdisciplinary approach and descriptive-explanatory method.

The intellectual pioneers are those Azerbaijani thinkers who had important role in the formation of the intellectual structure of public nationalism and Iranian identity, and in this regard, they have been against the traditional and authoritarian system and its army forces and they called for the rule of law. regarding the hypothesis that how is the role of Azerbaijan in the development and evolution of nationalism in Iran, these ideas and thoughts originated in Azerbaijan, but it did not have a local view, on the contrary, there was willing to have a country called Iran with these characteristics. Iranian nationalism, regardless of its use of Iran's pre-modern past, is modern and is the inevitable twin of Iranian modernity and is the initial stages of Iranians' acquaintance with the modern world. The purpose of this article is to point out the direct and sometimes indirect positive role and influence of Azerbaijan on the modernizing process of Iranian nationalism. In this article, we will review the opinions and thoughts of great thinkers such as Akhondzadeh, Mustasharadoleh Tabrizi, Talbof and Taghizadeh.

The two most important numerical methods, finite difference, and finite element methods have some limitations in solving some problems arising in partial differential equations. A meshless method can be used to overcome these limitations. In these methods, no mesh required in the domain to solve the problem, and just scattered points are used for the approximation of the unknown function. In this paper, the two-dimensional telegraph equation is solved using a direct meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (DMLPG) method based on generalized moving least squares. To measure the accuracy of this method, the comparison of the results with the theoretical solution and other methods has been used, which results indicate the high accuracy of the proposed method.

A new two-step implicit P-stable Obrechkoff of twelfth algebraic order with vanished phase-lag and its first, second and third derivatives is constructed in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient algorithm for the approximate solution of the second order iniitial value problems that have oscillatory or periodic solutions. This algorithm belongs in the category of the multistep and multiderivative methods. The advantage of the new methods in comparison with similar methods, in terms of efficiency, accuracy and stability, have been showed by the implementation of them in some important problems, including the undamped Duffing equation, etc. -------------- A new two-step implicit P-stable Obrechkoff of twelfth algebraic order with vanished phase-lag and its first, second and third derivatives is constructed in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient algorithm for the approximate solution of the second order iniitial value problems that have oscillatory or periodic solutions. This algorithm belongs in the category of the multistep and multiderivative methods. The advantage of the new methods in comparison with similar methods, in terms of efficiency, accuracy and stability, have been showed by the implementation of them in some important problems, including the undamped Duffing equation, etc.

Providing service for patients in a rapid and efficient manner is one of the main issues in concern to Emergency Department (ED). Due to the imbalance between needs and the capacity of providing service, ED faces an emergency situation. In this paper, through the use of information gathered from related literature, an Expert System (ES) has been designed in order to detect ED crowding and overcrowding and provide appropriate solutions in order to return to a normal situation. In relation to this matter, National Emergency Department Overcrowding Scale (NEDOCS) has been used as an indicator. According to the value of NEDOCS the status of ED can be categorized in five groups consisting of normal, crowded, overcrowded, dangerous and disastrous classes. Furthermore, based on the situation of ED and in accordance to the related literature, proper solutions are provided by the proposed ES in order to overcome the adverse status. Developed ES consisting of 30 rules provides the mentioned solutions based on interactions with users, referral to knowledge base and necessary inferences via user interface. Results of applying the proposed ES indicate 81 percent compatibility between solutions provided by the ES and those proposed by ED’s experts.

One way of survival and success of organizations in the highly changeable world of today is to focus on “organizational agility”. Organizational agility is a rational and comprehensive response to the continuous changing demands of competitive markets and the gain of advantages at every available opportunity. Many authors have categorized the effective factors on organizational agility in three main groups including: stimulators، abilities and enabling factors. As recognizing the factors which enable the organization to obtain agility is a useful help to organizations for gaining the necessary information for managerial decision making in turbulent environments and reaching the advantageous aspects of change flows، this research has tried to identify the structural enabling factors of organizational agility. According to the nature of this subject، the research has been done in two phases. In the first phase، theoretical studies have been done about the literature of the topic. Based on the results، using various models and theories، 7 structural enabling factors in organizational agility were identified. Then some criteria were introduced for each factor. The second phase of the research was done as field study. The population was all of the employees of branch affairs offices of Sistan & Baluchestan Province and central branches of public and private banks of Zahedan، among which a sample of 242 people were selected through disproportionate categorized random sampling method. The 7 factors showed an acceptable correlation with organizational agility after the data analysis by LISREL software. The first and the last priorities were respectively “organizational integration and coordination” and “virtual organization establishment”. Finally، it is recommended that banking system moves for further promotion of its agility through focusing on، improving and investing in the identified enabling factors.