علی محمد امیرتاش

Economic growth and development are one of the goals that societies pursue due to the achievement of short-term and long-term benefits. This research tries to examine the role of the Federation of Public Sports in the development of the sports economy by emphasizing the presence of expert human resources. The sports industry has clearly created an endless view of the achievements of microeconomics, which gives students and researchers the opportunity to study this field, sports economics is introduced as the core of theories and aspects of economics, and they use in international sports. Sports is one of the effective tools for directing social forces to achieve sustainable development, especially in societies with high population growth, which not only incurs the lowest cost compared to other management costs of the system, but also has the ability to create more added value. In this context, it is always necessary to present a strategic and clear paradigm, then it is possible to solve economic problems and bottlenecks through it. Achieved in a correct and principled way, strategic management and human resource management are always recognized as a strong tool to solve all problems in advanced societies. The importance and necessity of researching the role of the Federation of General Sports in the development of the sports economy with an emphasis on expert human resources originates from the fact that the Federation of General Sports has an important role in popularizing and institutionalizing sports in society, to face the challenges of the economy in the society needs this kind of research. By examining countries such as Japan and Germany that lost their economic resources during the Second World War, it can be seen that apart from physical factors, there is an important factor that makes them powerful today, and that is expert human resources. On the other hand, economic growth is one of the most basic components of macroeconomics, and its achievement is one of the most important goals of governments. In today's world, sports are considered as one of the sources of economic growth and development in advanced countries, which directly and indirectly affects economic growth and development in the short and long term.

The research method based on data search is of mixed type. In the first part, using the grounded theory of Strauss and Corbin, in-depth interviews of experts have been conducted. The middle part has been done with a future study (Delphi technique) through a Likert scale questionnaire by a panel of experts consisting of 10 experts, and in the quantitative part, the ranking of the indicators has been done with Friedman's descriptive-inferential test.

The interviews have been coded in the qualitative section, which includes 12 selective codes, 24 central codes, and 48 open codes from 5 categories (causal conditions, contextual factors, intervening factors, effective strategies, and resulting outcomes), the middle part through the technique Delphi has been used and in order to coordinate the identified indicators, Kendall's coefficient test has been used in SPSS 22 software, and after identifying 5 indicators, in the quantitative part of the research, the indicators have been ranked with Friedman's test, and the managerial role factor, has been assigned the first rank.

A society that gives importance to sports has less deviations and social harms; deviations lead the society towards dissolution. It is obvious that public sports are directly related to people's health and vitality. The Federation of Public Sports of the Islamic Republic of Iran was formed with the aim of creating suitable facilities and platform for creating vitality and vitality among people and raising the level of general skills based on the federations' statutes. The progress of any organization requires expert and compassionate human resources who are more connected with their work so that the organizational performance increases. It is suggested that sports federations, especially general sports federations, by prioritizing their expert human resources and holding regular knowledge-enhancing courses in the field of effective communication, sports and economy, improve their performance in the field of sports economy development.

The purpose of this study is to explain the effectiveness model of managing old sports venues in selected metropolises of the country with a data theory approach. In this regard, the theoretical foundations and research background in the field of institutional factors, structural factors, content factors and contextual factors with the approach of managing old sports venues were presented. The research method is qualitative and uses a data-based theory theory approach. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes experts in the field of sports management and managers and employees of veteran sports complexes in different metropolises of the country. The sample size was considered as 10 by theoretical saturation and snowball method. Qualitative data collection tools were semi-structured interviews and group discussions. Content analysis method and max-qda software were used to analyze the qualitative data. The results of qualitative analysis by Max-qda software showed that the components of the model of effectiveness of the management of old sports venues in selected metropolises of the country, 1- institutional factors, 2- structural factors, 3- content factors, 4- contextual factors and 5- management They are old sports venues. Also, 54 indicators for these components were finally approved by experts. This study provides appropriate strategies for the effectiveness of the management of old sports venues and by implementing it can increase the effectiveness of the management of old sports venues and increase its speed.

The study is to design a model for the impact of human resources activities on job performance of selected sport organization‘s teleworkers. It was a post-positivism, quantitative, descriptive survey. The hypothesis were casual. The statistical population consisted of teleworkers of youth affairs and sport ministry and its related organization and agents. For sampling, the simple random sampling method was used. Minimum sample size by Cochran formula was determined 280 which 225 of them were relapsed and at the end, 210 questioner were analyzed by preprocessing. To collect the data, “Demographic Information”, “Human Resources Activities Related to Teleworking in Organization” and Hery Goldsmith’s “Job Performance” questioners were used. The face and content validity of questioners were confirmed by sport management professors. The reliability of human resources activities and job performance questioners were respectively %84 and%88 by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.
The findings showed human resources activities related to teleworking were of a positive significant effect on job teleworker's job performance of youth affairs and sport ministry and its related organization and institution. As well as teleworker's job profile, performance appraisal, recruit, and training had a high contribution on human resource activities. Teleworker’s training and performance appraisal were of a moderate contribution on prediction of job performance behavior.  Recruit and human resources activities’ characteristics had high role in prediction of job performance behavior. Service compulsory of teleworkers and job profile were of a very poor contribution on prediction of job performance behavior. Finally, GOF=40/7 represented good and desirable fitness.

The present study was conducted with the aim of the relationship between brand love and the immediate purchase of sports customers mediated by hedonistic consumption tendency in Iranian Basketball Premier League players. The method used in this research was descriptive-correlational and based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study was the players of the Iranian Basketball Premier League (men and women) in 2020 (364 people). 146 people were selected as a statistical sample using G-Power software by stratified random sampling. Descriptive and inferential methods and structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach were used to analyze the data. The results showed that brand love, instant shopping and hedonistic consumption tendency were higher than the hypothetical average. The tendency to hedonistic consumption also mediates the partial (not complete) effect of brand love on the immediate purchase of sports customers. The coefficient of determining brand love and instant purchase was equal to 0.390 and 0.446, respectively, which indicated a good fit of the model. Therefore, is better for sports brand managers to identify people who love the brand through continuous monitoring of customers and needs assessment. It is also suggested that sports brand managers use the potential of social media to encourage customers to buy instantly in order to improve instant shopping.

A green organization is one that accomplishes its missions, goals, and tasks so that both individuals and other existing organizations and the needs of the future are not distorted by limited resources. To become a green organization, you need green management. Green management is the effective and efficient use of all facilities, material and human resources to guide and control the organization to achieve environmental goals in order to create social acceptance and preserve the environment. The present study was performed qualitatively. In-depth interviews with experts were used to collect data. Research data were collected through purposive sampling method and snowball technique and based on 12 in-depth interviews with related experts. The results of thematic analysis of green management challenges showed the existence of challenges in the form of 43 concepts that were extracted from interviews with experts. In the second stage of coding, these concepts became 6 more abstract concepts in the form of primary and secondary concepts, and finally in the third stage, these 6 concepts became 3 main categories or themes with basic, applied and environmental titles. Finally, in this research, the concepts, major categories and core categories include 6 concepts of challenges, green management culture, green management regularities, social structures, structural change and education. Finally, it can be concluded that green management in sports venues and facilities is not considered properly and it is expected that the relevant managers will consider more importance for the issue of green management in sports venues and facilities.

With the rapid increase and expansion of works and writings that deal with the sociological approach to sports, the scientific analysis of the mutual impact of sports and society has been relatively established, and the titles in the collection of sports in the global community are proof of this. Sports in the sense that it is a social phenomenon can be considered a field of sociology. The current research aims to present a paradigmatic model of sports economy development solutions with a sociological approach based on grounded theory.

The research method is mixed. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes experts in economics, sports management, and business management, and in the quantitative section, it includes graduates with master's degrees and PhDs in economics, sport management, and business management. In the qualitative part, the solutions were identified through in-depth interviews with snowball sampling, and the interviews were stopped after theoretical saturation. In the quantitative part, after coding, the findings from the interviews were designed in the form of a Likert scale questionnaire, and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were checked by experts, and 104 questionnaires were distributed among 130 people of the target class and collected. Through the Friedman test, the solutions for the development of the sports economy were ranked.

In the qualitative part, after the completion of the interviews, the process of open, central and selective coding in 5 categories of causal conditions such as institutionalism in sports, background factors such as the development of expert staff, intervening factors such as the development of researches and researches, effective strategies such as the entry of clubs into the stock exchange and the resulting consequences such as the expansion of entrepreneurship and job creation were identified. In the quantitative section, the factor of transformation in income generation of clubs was identified as the first rank, and the factor of development of research was recognized as the lowest rank.

Based on the paradigm model obtained from this research, sports managers must take advantage of the long-term benefits of sports as a capital good.

The main purpose of this research was to test the conceptual model of causal relationship between organizational silence and productivity with the mediation of job security among Iranian physical education professors of northwest Azad universities with a focus on full-time and adjunct professors ‘views. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of of the physical education professors at northwestern Azad universities. The sample size consisted of 320 professors based on Morgan table recruited through relative stratified random sampling. In the present study, Dashchi and Kamal Oglu’s questionnaire of organizational silence, the Niece et al.’s Job Security Questionnaire and Achiev’s questionnaire of productivity were used and Cronbach's alpha was 0.88, 0.86 and 0.91, respectively. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data by using PLS-SMART software.The results of the study showed that there was a negative significant relationship between organizational silence with job security.In other words, there was a negative significant relationship between organizational silence and productivity of physical education professors of Northwest Azad universities considering the mediating role of job security.Moreover, the results revealed that the views of adjunct and full-time professors of northwestern Azad universities regarding the impact of organizational silence on productivity were significantly different.

In any organization the productivity plays an important role in improving the performance of that organization. Therefore, the purpose of this research was presenting the model of productivity based on Islamic management based on the components of total quality management style.

This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was qualitative from type of correlation. The research population was employees of sports and youth departments in selected provinces in the northwest of the country in 2019 year with number of 587 people. The sample size based on the Krejcie and Morgan table was estimated to be 367 people, which this number was selected by stratified random sampling method according to the size of the provinces. The research tools were the questionnaires of productivity based on Islamic management (Olsania et al., 2012) and total quality management style (Spinwell, 1994), whose validity was confirmed by the opinion of experts and the reliability of all of them was calculated using Cronbach's alpha method above 0.70. Data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling method in SPSS and PLS software.

The findings showed that the model of productivity based on Islamic management based on the components of total quality management style had a good fit. Also, all ten components of total quality management style including teamwork, quality groups, training, evaluation and feedback, use of information, quality goals, customer orientation, suggestion system, continuous improvement and leadership commitment had a direct and significant effect on productivity based on Islamic management (P<0.001).

According to the results of this study, to increase the productivity based on Islamic management it is possible to provide the basis for improving each of the components of the total quality management style.

Green management is the effective and efficient use of all facilities, material and human resources to guide and control the organization to achieve environmental goals. The aim of this study was to design and psychometrics "Green Management Scale of Iranian Sports Venues and Facilities".

The present research is a methodological method that has been done in two parts: qualitative and quantitative. The statistical population in the present study included faculty members in the field of management of sports facilities and environment. In the qualitative section, 12 people (non-randomly selected by snowball method) were selected from the community. Data in the qualitative section were collected through semi-structured interviews. In the quantitative part, the Content Validity Index (Waltz & Bausell) and face validity were measured qualitatively by 15 people. The construct validity by exploratory factor analysis with 220 samples (non-random quota sampling) from the above population was measured. In addition, the criterion validity was calculated simultaneously with the "Green Resource Management Scale" in a sample of 30 people. Reliability was calculated by internal consistency method by calculating the Cronbachchr('39')s coefficient and combined reliability by 30 people. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and quantitative data in SPSS. 20.

From the findings of the qualitative section, the "Green Management Scale of Iranian Sports Venues and Facilities" with 43 terms was obtained. Then, in the quantitative part, by performing content and face validity, 22 items remained on the scale. The results of construct validity were obtained by exploratory factor analysis of 21 items and 6 subscales and simultaneous criterion validity was 0.78. Reliability was calculated by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient between 0.70 to 0.87 and combined reliability between 0.83 to 0.91.

“Green Management Scale of Iranian Sports Venues and Facilities" with 21 items and 6 subscales is valid and reliable. It is suggested that this scale be used to measure the green management of Iranian sports venues and facilities.

The aim of this study was to determine the structural relationships between organizational indifference, organizational virtue, organizational justice and quality of work life of employees of the General Departments of Sports and Youth in the northwestern provinces of Iran. The statistical population included 204 official employees working in the general departments of sports and youth of the northwest provinces of Iran (East Azerbaijan, 86 people; West Azerbaijan, 57 people; and Ardabil, 61 people). There were 204 employees (134 males and 65 females) and based on the total sampling method, all individuals were selected as the statistical sample. Danaifard (2010) Organizational Indifference Questionnaire, Cameron et al.'s (2004) Organizational Virtue, Walton (1973) Quality of Work Life Questionnaire, and Niehoff & Morman (1993) Organizational Justice Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed in the form of structural equation modeling using Spss22 and Amos24 software. The results showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between the variables of organizational virtue, quality of work life, organizational justice and the variable of organizational indifference (P

The aim of this study was to test the model of antecedents and consequences of brand love in sports customers. The present study was a descriptive correlational study based on modeling structural equations. The statistical population of this study consisted of all the players (men and women) of the Iranian Basketball Premier League in 1398(364 people). 146 people were selected as a statistical sample using G-Power software by stratified random sampling Standard. To measure research variables were used the questionnaires of brand uniqueness, Perceived Value, Brand Prestige, Brand Love, Fashion Inclusion, the tendency to use hedonism, the tendency to buy instant fashion. The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between perceived value, brand prestige and brand uniqueness with love for the brand of sports customers. There was a significant positive relationship between brand love and hedonistic consumption, fashion and instant purchase of sports customers. Also, there was a significant positive relationship between hedonistic consumption and fashion involvement with the immediate purchase of sports customers. Also, the GOF index was 0.463, indicating a strong fit. Therefore, it is suggested that managers of sports brands develop all aspects of the brand in order to improve the perceived value among customers, and implement reputable sports support programs and events in order to create brand prestige among customers, financial support programs, and so on.

The purpose of this study was to design the sponsorship pattern of sport for all in Iran. The research was based on qualitative type with grounded theory approach. Theoretical saturation was achieved after 21 deep and semi-structured interviews with experts and managers of sport for all and sponsorship fields. Categories were identified after completion of coding and data abstraction processes. Purposive and snowball sampling continued to theoretical saturation. The model was designed according to systematic model of Strauss and Corbin (1994). Data analysis followed in three steps of open, axial, and selective coding by using MAXQDA software. During the open coding process, categories such as causal condition, contextual condition, intervening factors, actions and strategies, and outcomes of sport for all sponsorship were extracted. Then in the axial coding stage, the connection between these categories: causal condition (financial support infrastructure, economic factors, management factors, sponsorship culture, government factors, human resources, competitive advantage); contextual condition (social factors, legal factors, media factors); intervening factors (political factors, organizational factors); action & interaction strategies (sponsors attraction development, infrastructure to attract sponsors, improving rules for sponsors, benefiting from experts, interacting with the media, granting funds to sponsors); and the outcomes (benefits of financial support for the Federation, benefits of financial support for sponsoring companies) was determined in terms of coding paradigm in sports manufacturing corporations. Also, in the selective coding phases, each component of the coding paradigm was described, the story line was depicted and the theory was created.

The aim of this study is to design a model for the effect of sport participation motivations on productivity of employees of public universities of Tehran with the mediation role of job crafting. The research is a Quantitative study, of descriptive correlation type. The statistical population consists of the employees of public universities of Tehran. Sample size determination in structural equations (n = 538) was selected by probability sampling by proportional stratified sampling.The research instrument for questionnaires were Hersey, & Goldsmith Productivity Questionnaire (1980), Slemp and Vella-Brodrick job crafting questionnaire (2013) and a researchermade questionnaire of employees sport participation motivation .Face validity was checked with experts’ advices. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for Structural validity.The reliability of all the questionnaires with Cronbach's alpha was above 0.70.The result showed that, 46% of the total effect of sport participation motivation on productivity was explained by the mediator variable of job crafting. The GOF fit with 0.307, indicates a moderate fit.According to positive effects of variables of sport participation motivations and job crafting on productivity, it is suggested for organizational leaders to emphasize on the role of these two variables to increase employee’s productivity.

The study is to codify the effective strategies and consequences of sport for all sponsorship in Iran. Regarding the exploratory nature of the subject, qualitative research method was used. Theoretical saturation was achieved after 21 deep and semi-structured interviews with experts and managers of sport for all and sponsorship fields. Categories were identified after completing the process of coding and data abstraction. Purposive and snowball sampling was done until theoretical saturation. The data analysis was done in three steps: open, axial and selective coding by using MAXQDA software.The open coding results indicated that 45 codes could affect the financial support of Iran's public sport. Then, in axial coding, the codes classified in 6 concepts contains development of attracting sponsors, infrastructure to attract sponsors, improving rules for sponsors, benefit from Expert Persons, interacting with the media and granting funds to sponsors. Two concepts classified for consequences contain the benefits of financial support for federation and benefits of financial support for sponsoring companies. According to the results, effective steps can be taken using the proposed strategies for the development of Sport for all.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between total quality management style and productivity based on Islamic management (Case study: Sports and Youth Departments of selected provinces in the northwest of the country).

This research is of applied and descriptive type and its design is of correlation type. The target population of the present study is all employees of the General Departments of Sports and Youth of the selected northwestern provinces of the country (East Azerbaijan, Hamedan and Ardabil) who were employed in these organizations in 2018-2019, whose number was 587 people. Of these, 277 people were selected as the research sample. Data collection tools of this study included the Inclusive Quality Management Questionnaire (1994), and the Standard Productivity Questionnaire by Olsania et al. (2012). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for research variables is more than 0.70.

The results of data analysis showed that teamwork has an effect on productivity (factor load coefficient: 0.542), quality groups have an effect on productivity (factor load coefficient: 0.743), training has an effect on productivity (Factor load factor: 0.520), evaluation and feedback affect productivity (factor load factor: 0.736), use of information affects productivity (factor load factor: 0.604), quality goals Productivity has an effect (factor load factor: 0.712), customer orientation has an effect on productivity (factor load factor: 0.598), the suggestion system has an effect on productivity (factor load factor: 0.598), continuous improvement It has an effect on productivity (factor load factor: 0.329), leadership commitment has an effect on productivity (factor load factor: 0.103).

The dimensions of total quality management have a positive and significant effect on productivity. In fact, total quality management should increase employee productivity.

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of sport participation motivations (SPM) on productivity of employees of public universities of Tehran with the mediation role of employee voice. The research method is descriptive-correlation and, with a structural equation approach. The statistical population(9451 persons) consists of the employees of public universities of Tehran in 2018. 594 people were selected as the sample size and through possible sampling by the relative class method. and 538 questionnaires Checked out that were selected through stratified random sampling. The questionnaires were Hersey & Goldsmith Productivity Questionnaire (1980) Hams employee Voice (2012) and a researcher-made questionnaire of employees SPM. Face validity was checked with experts’ advices. Also confirmatory factor analysis was used for Structural validity. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated by Cronbach's alpha for productivity (0.857), employee Voice (0.829) and SPM (0.772) respectively. Data analysis was performed by Smart-PlS and SPSS softwares. The results showed that the SPM and, employee voice are related to productivity and%38 of the total effect of SPM, on productivity was explained by the mediator variable of employee voice. Also,the GOF fit n with 0.34 , indicates a moderate upward fit.

The purpose of this study was to build and make validation of a measurement tool for employees’ sport participation motivations. This study used mixed method. In qualitative section, 30 questions were designed according to theoretical foundation and sport activities experts’ comments. For checking the face validity, the questionnaires were distributed among 15 professional experts, then the questionnaires were reviewed by result of Lawshe formula, as a result 4 questions were omitted. Sampling method was stratified random sampling based on Structural equation among 9451 employees of public universities of Tehran. For getting structural validity, Structural equation and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used. Data were surveyed in SPSS and LISREL programs. With using exploratory factor analysis 26 questions were reduced to 22 questions. Final components were identified after varimax rotation. 4 components’ title and reliability coefficient were physical (0.86), mental (0.80), social and material (0.90), and fun and recreation (0.85). Questionnaire total reliability was calculated equal to (0.92) by Cronbach's alpha. The result of confirmatory factor analysis supported the fitness of 4 components.Eventually, the designed questionnaire can be used in organizations as an appropriate tool for measuring and evaluating employees’ sport participation motivations. Key words: sport participation, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis

In a constantly changing environment, education and training systems are responsible for the future development and development of the country, one of the things that has attracted much attention in education is the health and basic skills of students. Given the importance of basic skills and the rarity of studies related to physical education integration in other courses, this study uses a quantitative research in a quasi-experimental design to investigate the effect of integrating physical education course with math lesson on learning skills. Students fundamentals. For this purpose, using cluster sampling method, a sample of 30 female second grade elementary school students in Khoy city was used as the participants. For the purpose of the study, the students in the experimental group (n = 15) performed the physical education activities in combination with the math lesson, while the control group (n = 15) students studied in the same traditional way. The study was performed for ten weeks, each 45 minutes. Statistical analysis of data using the Mann-Whitney U test and independent t-test indicated that performance in the basic skills of the experimental group was better than the control group at the end of the period. These findings can have significant theoretical and practical implications for the integration of a physical education lesson with mathematics into the students' fundamental skills.

The purpose of this study was to investigating effective factors of sponsorship from sport for all in Iran. This research was a kind of exploratory research and it was of a qualitative nature. Data were collected using study of documents and in-depth and semi-structured interviews and with 21 experts, faculty members and executives of public sport who were selected by purposeful sampling and using snowball technique and it continued until the theoretical saturation. Based on thematic analysis, data were coded and analyzed. In a thematic analysis, the data from the interviews with the experts were coded into the research topic. Then, in two stages, the initial concepts were developed. In the first stage, 64 concepts were extracted from the interviews with the experts. These concepts were coded in the second stage for greater coherence and for better analysis and interpretation in the form of 12 more abstract concepts under the heading of financial support infrastructure, Economic factors, management factors, sponsorship culture, government factors, human resources, competitive advantage, Social factors, legal factors, media factors, Political factors and organizational factors. Next, 12 concepts generated in the secondary coding process were categorized into 9 major categories or themes. These major categories (themes) in terms of being abstract are at a higher level than the concepts of the preceding stage. According to the results of the research managers of sport for all can show sport, concepts and categories identified in your future plans in order to better financial support of sport for all.

The purpose of this research was to predict organizational vocation based on political behavior and Perceived Organizational Support. This research is a surveying, descriptive-correlative method. The target community of the present research is all employees of sport and youth departments of Region 3 provinces. The total number of employees in these offices was 1236. Using random sampling, 297 individuals were selected as samples. The instrument for measuring the research was organizational vocation questionnaire (Hames, 2012), political behavior questionnaire (Kasmar&Carlsen, 1997) and Organizational Support questionnaire (Eisenberger, et al., 2004). Data were analyzed using regression and using SPSS software version 22.The results of this study showed that the variables of political behavior and Perceived Organizational Support are a good predictor for the organizational vocation of the employees of the educational institutions. Managers to create organizational vocation affected by inadequate political behavior and Perceived Organizational Support ensure that employees express constructive criticism without fear of direct retaliation, and by creating a sense of purpose in working And creating an environment of trust and confidence, helping to create organizational vocation and freely offer constructive suggestions for the development of the Sports and Youth Administration

The aim of the present study was to determine the structural relationships of organizational identity, organizational commitment, organizational voice, and employee productivity. The research method was descriptive-correlational (structural equation modeling) and the statistical population consisted of 300 employees working at the physical education departments of Islamic Azad universities throughout the country in 2016 who were surveyed using census sampling method. Participants included 206 subjects (174 males and 32 females), who completed the questionnaires of organizational identity (Mile and Asforth, 1992), organizational commitment (Allen and Meyer, 1990), organizational voice (Ismailzadeh, 2013) and human resources productivity (Hersey and Goldsmith, 1980). The collected data were analyzed using partial least squares method and Smart PLS software. The findings showed that organizational identity had no direct and significant effect on organizational voice and productivity and its positive effects were mediated by organizational commitment. Also, organizational commitment directly and indirectly had a positive effect on productivity through organizational voice. Organizational voice also directly had a significant and positive effect on productivity. Based on these findings, creating and strengthening organizational identity can improve organizational commitment and voice behaviors of employees, and thereby add to their productivity.

Human resources, which are considered as the most valuable asset in any organization, have long been proven as the most significant factor in the organizational chain of command. Therefore, the purpose of the current descriptive and correlational study was to investigate the impact of organizational identity on human resource productivity with a focus on the mediating role of employee voice among the staff at physical education department Islamic azad universities. The participants in this study were all the research population who formed the staff physical education at Azad universities of Iran in 1395 (N=300). The research data were collected via administration of the Organizational Identity Questionnaire (Miles & Ashforth, 1992), the Organizational Voice Questionnaire (Esmaeilzadeh, 1392) and a revised version of Employee Productivity Questionnaire (ACHIEVE Model Hersey & Goldsmith, cited in Shahsavari, 1991). 217 of the questionnaires that had been sent out to the participants were out of which 206 were complete. The research data obtained from the 206 questionnaires were analyzed via the Pearson Correlation, Multiple Linear Regression and Variance-Based Structural Equation Modeling. The findings showed significant relationship among organizational identity, employee voice and employee productivity. A significant relationship was also found between employee voice and its subscales with employee productivity. Employee voice seems to mediate the relationship organizational identity can have with employee productivity.

The aim of this study was factor analysis of the necessary cultural components before Sports Privatization. Research methodology was exploratory mixed method. The population of study were sports management professors, experts of sports privatization totally of 380 subjects and sample size was 198 people. The survey instrument was a semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire. Form and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 12 professors of sport management. Reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient obtained α=0.74 and was approved. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and inferential (factor analysis) was used. All analysis using statistical software PLS and Spss 20 at a significance level (α=0.05) was performed. Research findings identified six essential cultural components before the privatization of sport, which were respectively: education and empowerment, private television network, government managers' attitudes, media, strategic thinking and trust. According to the results it can be concluded that the country's sports officials before transferring the sport to the private sector should take note of the cultural requirements until privatization process can be performed in favorable conditions.

The purpose of this study was to analyze Identification and structuring the barriers of extracurricular sports programs in education. The present study was descriptive analytical. The statistical population of the study included all P.E teachers participating in the 28th year of the scientific and specialized competitions of education. According to reports, the number was 192 male P.E teachers . Based on the selection of all the numbers, all these individuals were selected as samples. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to structure the barriers affecting the development of sports superconducting exercises in education, structural interpretive modeling and exploratory factor analysis were used. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that in total, 6 factors (managerial, infrastructure, educational, cultural, financial and individual) included 83.589% of the total variance. The results also indicated that educational and managerial barriers are key independent barriers that affect other barriers. Regarding the results of this study, it has been shown that paying attention to educational and management issues in sports supplements in education can be hoped to improve the conditions for improving these courses.

Physical activity has several benefits for the physical and mental health of the elderly and through participation in physical activities, this vulnerable group can prevent aging-related complications.The purpose of this quality study was to investigate the affecting factors (motivational and barriers) on elderly physical activity.
This qualitative study was part of a study with Grounded theory methodology carried out during 2015-2016. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 40 elderly and 10 experts in elderly sports and taking field notes. Data analysis was carried out based on Corbin and Strauss (2008) approach.
Based on open and axial coding, motivational factors and barriers of physical activity were categorized as interpersonal, intrapersonal and environmental subcategories. Lack of security, poor transportation services, bad weather, inappropriate walking paths, poor sports facilities and programs, negative views, personal health problems and negative self-image were important barriers of physical activity in elderly. Existence of peer social groups and sports assistants, physician advice, encouragement of family and following religious and national values ​​can be effective in encouraging the elderly to do physical activities.
Based on the obtained results, authorities are advised to enforce the motivational factors of elderly physical activity and remove barriers of physical activity.