علیرضا عطاردی

The educational status of students during their studies in universities is very important. Being aware of the shortcomings and factors related to the educational status and recognizing in a timely manner, it is possible to provide solutions to prevent students᾽ academic failure. Therefore, this research was conducted to study the relationship between educational status and related factors in paramedical students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive -analytical study has been done between 2018 and 2020. The study population included students of the paramedical faculty of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences who had spent at least one semester at Gonabad University of Medical Sciences and were selected by census method. Data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of two parts: demographic information and Pham and Taylor questionnaires that were used to assess the educational status. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics (Frequency , mean and standard deviation), Pearson and Spearman- Brown correlation coefficient test, independent t- test and one- way analysis of variance by SPSS.

Of the 330 students who were participated in this research, (43.6%) were male and (56.4%) were female. The results showed that (45.8%) had favorable educational status, (53.6%) had average and (0.6%) had unfavorable educational status. There was a statistically significant relationship between academic achievement with marriage (p = 0.006) and field of study (p <0.001). there was a significant relationship between the father’s job and academic achievement (p = 0.008). The results showed that the academic achievement scores of students with average economic status were lower and the grade point average of the whole class who had unfavorable economic status was also lower. In other words, there was a significant relationship between grade point average and economic status (p = 0.026).

According to the findings of the present study, the majority of the students had moderate academic status and some factors related to it were marital status, field of study and parent occupation. In order to promoting academic achievement and preventing students’ academic failure, programs such as student counseling, identifying and helping students at risk, empowering professors to help students and improving their academic motivation can be done.also Providing training workshops and using lesson planning is suggested.

Late adulthood, as a sensitive life period of humans, requires unique attention. Elderly people are faced with challenging conditions, including death anxiety. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between religious attitudes and death anxiety in the elderly population of Gonabad City, South Khorasan Province, Iran. 

It was a cross-sectional and correlational study. The study sample included 200 adults older than 60 years. The sample is collected from the adult population of Gonabad City using the random sampling method. The obtained data were analyzed with G Power 3.0.10 software. The religious attitudes questionnaire of Khodayarifard et al. was used to evaluate four religiosity dimensions: religious convictions, affections, behaviors, and social pretensions. A high score in each subscale implies greater religiosity tendencies. The Templer questionnaire was also used to assess the anxiety of death. This questionnaire includes the fear of death; the fear of pain and disease; the thoughts of death, passing time, and shortening life; and the fear of the future. The data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman tests.

The religious attitudes were inversely correlated with death anxiety. This implies that the anxiety has decreased as religious attitudes have increased. This research showed a relationship between death anxiety and the population variables (education level, the source of revenue, etc.) This study also indicated a connection between religious attitudes and population variables (marital status, educational level, the source of revenue, lifestyle, and financial status). 

According to the present findings, a better religious approach could improve mental health and decrease death anxiety among elderly people.

Societies are mostly using smartphones and the World Wide Web in the era of information technology, (IT). Information technology and its impact is revealed to everyone on modern society. IT enables communication worldwide but reduced face-to-face interaction, reduced physical activity, made headache, fatness, heart disease, diabetes, neck pain, cost, job loss, and so many other health problems. Either way, IT systems that run can yield good and bad results. IT affects the environment, individuals and society as a whole. The way we use IT determines if its impacts are positive to society or negative. For example, we can make the most of our Internet smartphones and web to develop our societies, make them new and modern. Internet-based computers have changed the way people relate and make their living environment better, organize their work, their communities and their time and place faster, easier and

Social confidence is a form of social relationships that means social interaction and action of all people of the society in all political, economic and cultural social different fields. The aim of this study is the sociology survey of students’ social confidence in two teacher training centers (TTC) of Shaheed Sharafat and Bahonar in Tehran and its effective social factors. The study was conducted on two TTC students (573 students) and the samples were 230 students using systematic classification. A researcher made questionnaire was used for collecting the data that its validity and reliability was determined. Different ideas (social capital, social confidence, human relations, behavioral habits, justice, security and so on) have been used in conducting the study and the research main factors have been derived based on them. The results showed that social confidence level on students was on average level and higher and its relationship with some of social factors has been shown by using chi-square and bi-dimensional tables and bar diagram. Frequency tables and diagrams were also used to describe sociology information of the students. A significant relationship was not observed between sex and social confidence variables. The effect of feeling social security and religiosity have been more than the other factors and also feeling of social justice, their social and economic status and trust on social mass medias task has showed a meaningful relationship with the students social confidence level.

One of human’s psychological needs is to have a transcendent relationship with an omnipotent and superior force. Prayer and praise is one of the manifestations of human relationship with the Lord of the Universe..

The study aims to comparatively examine the effect of prayer and praise on peace of mind and physical health from male and female students’ points of view in Gonabad’s guidance schools in 1390..

This is a descriptive-analytical study based on cross-sectional design. The research was conducted in the fall of 1390 (2011). The population of the study consisted of 70 students from two guidance schools in Gonabad including Sama nonprofit- making school for girls and Hasheminejad school for boys which is a kind of “Elite Schools. After gathering the data، they were analyzed using SPSS-16 software and then inserted into the descriptive and analytical tables..

The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the students’ familiarity with prayer and praise and their faith in its effects. There is a significant relationship between girls and boys in their familiarity with prayer and praise so that girls’ familiarity with prayer and praise is more than that of boys (P = 0/025)..

Living with prayer and praise is itself an Islamic life-style. The students under the study had high level of understanding of prayer and praise and strong belief in its effects on calmness، soothing، healing and treating diseases..

Learning is an important mental process, affected by several internal and external factors. Nutrition is one of the factors affecting learning. Therefore, the effect of food with cold and hot nature on students’ learning in general English language course was evaluated. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 26 normal male students. The participants attended the summer semester, and were divided into two groups, receiving food with hot and cold natures. The students were taught in the same class and by the same English teacher, who was blinded to the research groups. The students passed the 3-unit course of general English language under the same condition. The students’ final scores were analyzed by SPSS software, version11.5. The two groups were not significantly different with regard to their university, semester, education degree, and high school location at the time of taking university entrance exam (p > 0.05). Moreover, the two groups were not significantly different in their entrance exam scores, scores of their primary English course, and the mean number of courses passed (p > 0.05). It was demonstrated that although the scores obtained by the students received food with hot nature was higher than those of the group with cold nature food; the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The findings showed that cold and hot nature of food did not affect the students’ learning in general English language course. However, it seems that further studies with larger sample sizes should be carried out to obtain more conclusive results.

Anxiety is one of the emotional and psychological factors that the studying of its effects considering existing variables can solve some of the athletes’ psychological problems. The current study was performed with the aim of surveying the relationship between coaching anxiety with Footsal players’ anxiety and performance in Gonabad city in 2010. This is a descriptive and correlational study conducted with the use of sport competitive anxiety questionnaire of Martinez consisting of 15 questions, demographic questionnaire and athletic performance checklist. The study population was 600 players and Footsal coaches compromised of 60 Footsal teams. Each team was consisted of 10 members (five major players, four reserves and one coach). All the study population was studied and no sampling was conducted. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 14. For data description, descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were used; Xi 2 and Pearson correlation coefficient test were used for statistical analysis of the data. The findings showed that there was a direct and significant relationship between coaching anxiety levels with sport competitive anxiety level in athletes (p=0.019). It also showed that there was a significant and negative relationship between coaching anxiety levels with performance level of the athletes (p=0.012, r=-0.8) and there was a significant and negative relationship between athletics’ sport anxiety levels with their performance level (p=0.01, r=-0.81). And it showed a significant and negative relationship between athlete's sport anxiety levels with their athletic experiences (p=0.001, r=0.45) and with their age as well (p= 0.001 r = -0.37). Sport competitive anxiety has deeper and more effective relationship in locomotors skills performance in competition status in comparison with the other psychological factors. Finally, some recommendations were presented for reduction of sport competitive anxiety in athletes.

There are so many events and physiologic phenomena in human life that are very natural such as birth and death. But these natural phenomena can be affected by pathologic processes for the control of which health and treatment cares will be necessary. This study is intended in comprehension of labored women’s experience in natural cares possibilities for this physiologic phenomenon. In this study, the phenomenology method was used. The participants were selected from the first labored women who had vaginal labor without any complication in 22 Bahman Hospital, Gonabad, Iran. Sampling was done based on the research aim and the data were collected by semi-structured and open interviews with the participants who were 10 women based on data saturation. Colaizz3i seven–step stage analysis method was used to analyze the data. The interview transcripts of the participants were analyzed and the significant codes were derived from them, then the codes were classified into three main themes and sub-themes groups that are: 1. Environment (noise, patient’s privacy, and environment color), 2. Assuring the labor (from laborer support and midwife skills), and 3. Routine techniques (serum therapy, bed rest, vaginal examinations, amniotomy, and fasting). Today, we should not only concentrate on the patients’ interests, pains, difficulties and health instead of modern tools and techniques and the affairs such as economy, efficiency and cost reduction but also regard women’s real experience for creating new methods of maternal health cares. According to the research findings, it seems necessary to consider and prepare both privacy and a safe and proper environment for labor. The women should be supported by midwifery personnel and their labor should be explained in a simple way and in a real form to them. Some unnecessary interventions such as complete bed rest, IV line, frequent vaginal examinations, early amniotomy and NPO should be avoided. It is hoped that labor experience change into a fantastic and positive experience for the mothers since this will lead to a decrease both in caesarian and its complications and will also lead to successful breastfeeding.

Depression is the most common and important psychological disorder among End-Stage Renal Failure especially those who are undergoing hemodialysis, that can have a negative impact on quality of life and treatment acceptance. Since the patient participation in self-care activities, lead to more independence and patient adjustment with his/her illness, the aim of this research is to determine the relationship between self-care and depression in hemodialysis patients. This is an analytical-descriptive (cross-sectional) study from correlation type that was done on 60 patients under hemodialysis treatment that were selected in randomized cluster sampling in Imam Reza and 17 Shahrivar hospitals of Mashhad in 2006. Data were collected through three questionnaires including demographic information, self-care and depression of CES-D. The data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 soft ware and with Pearson correlation test, linear regression, Kendal b Tao and kruskal-wallis test. (p<0.05) The mean age of the patients was 42.6±12.3 years and the most frequencies were 63.3% males, 78.3% unemployed, 76.6% married, and 33.9% with elementary education. The findings showed that there is a strong negative relationship between self-care and depression. It means that with self-care increase, depression rate is decreasing in the patients. (p<0.001, r = -0.59). There was a significant relationship between depression and self-care levels. (p= 0.016) There is a negative relationship between depression and self-care in hemodialysis patients. It is better and recommended to improve and prepare any way and methods (teaching and …) for improving self-care in hemodialysis patients behavior to decrease physical and mental complications resulted from hemodialysis treatment.

The recent strategies of research in education is based on usinglearning strategies for education development and facilating learning process. The strategies importance as a way and method of improving education level is known for all today. Since a few researches has been done on this subject, we did a research called,The survey of using learning strategies rate on Gonabad medical sciences students in 2002-3 This is a pilot survey that its samples were all Gonabad medical students, 121 students were selected through random quota. Data were collected by a questionnaire containing demographic features and learning strategies questions of Weinstein.The data were analysed by T-test, and correlation coefficient. The most frequency was related to nursing students with 35.5%, Midwifery students, 28.1%, health students 14.0%, controlling disease students 8.3%, operation room students 7.4% and anesthesia students 5.8%. The average students marks of attitude, motivation, time control, anxiety and concentration showed a meaning full statistical difference between different students(p<0.05). Exam strategies had a meaningful relationship with education development(p<0.05). The average marks of motivation had a meaningfull statistical difference with duration of studying in the library(p<0.05). The average marks of the student’s were 20 to 30 centile of normal marks of American students. It is recommended to teach these strategies to students to use them in learning and improve their abilities for improving education quality.