فاطمه بهادر

The minimum data set is considered an important tool in the registration systems and monitoring programs, which provides the possibility of collecting and transferring data at the country level. Considering the importance of tuberculosis in Iran and especially the high incidence of this disease in the marginal provinces of the country, the present study was designed and implemented to determine the minimum data set for the electronic health records of tuberculosis patients.

This descriptive study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a comprehensive review was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, SID, and Magiran databases to identify data elements. The data were collected using the data extraction form and polled using the Delphi method. Descriptive statistics and SPSS version 16 were used for data analysis.

The minimum data set of tuberculosis was divided into two categories: administrative data with five classes and 35 data elements, and clinical data with five classes and 43 data elements.

The minimum data set of tuberculosis is an effective tool for managing and recording the information of patients suffering from this disease. The results of this study can help researchers and developers in the process of designing and implementing an integrated information system for registering the information of patients with tuberculosis.

Tests are one of the methods used in universities to measure and evaluate students' learning. Electronic and traditional tests have their unique strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to compare two methods of holding electronic and conventional tests from the perspective of students in the Ferdows Health and Para Medical School.

The current research was carried out in a cross-sectional-analytical way. 201 students were questioned for this research. In order to collect information, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. Its reliability is approved by experts and validity is measured by Kronbakh Alpha74%. Data were analyzed using STATA version 13 software and using descriptive and analytical methods.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between students' satisfaction with traditional and electronic tests (P < 0.05). And traditional tests satisfaction was more than electronic ones. Also, there was a significant relationship between students' satisfaction level and the academic semester in traditional exams (P < 0.05) so the average level of satisfaction of students in higher semesters is higher.

Based on the study findings, students' satisfaction with the traditional test is more than the electronic test, so it is suggested that educational institutions take the necessary measures and plans in order to obtain satisfaction from students with the electronic tests and solve the problems of these tests.
 satisfaction, electronic exam, traditional exam, students' point of view, Remote E-exams

Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases in Iran and the fifth leading cause of death all over the world. Its spread around the world has created new methods in biomedical research, including artificial intelligence. The present study was carried out to review the studies conducted in the area of artificial intelligence and diabetes in Iran. 

This study was carried out using a systematic review method. Valid domestic databases, including Irandoc, Magiran, Sid and Google Scholar search engine, were reviewed using the keywords of artificial intelligence and diabetes in Persian both individually and in a combined manner without time limitation until June 20, 2021. A total number of 7495 articles were retrieved, which were screened in different stages (exclusion of duplicates (1824), title and summary of the articles (5884) and full text (30) and finally 20 articles that met the criteria desired by the researchers were carefully reviewed. 

Among the retrieved articles, 20 articles met the inclusion criteria, of which 16 articles dealt with methods based on artificial intelligence and 4 articles dealt with the design of new systems based on artificial intelligence. Also, 10 articles examined the role of artificial intelligence in prediction, 8 articles in diagnosis, and 2 articles dealt with the control and management of diabetes. Most of the articles were related to the use of data mining methods such as artificial neural network, decision tree, etc. (16 articles). Some studies also evaluated and compared artificial intelligence methods on application, accuracy and the sensitivity of artificial intelligence in diagnosing and predicting diabetes (10 studies). 

A systematic review of articles revealed that the use of data mining methods for diabetes management in Iran has been associated with good progress, but there is a need to design artificial intelligence systems and algorithms and more measures should be taken in the area of diabetes control and management.

Today along with information technology development, telemedicine technology has expanded dramatically. Sinse telemedicine technology relies on data transmission, it is essential to pay attention to issues such as network security, confidentiality, and privacy of patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the importance of information security requirements in telemedicine networks based on managers and employees of the information technology unit of the University and teaching hospitals of Birjand city 

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in year 2021. The research population was The managers and employees of the information technology unit of the university and teaching hospitals of Birjand city (40 people), who were surveyed by the census. The study tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that confirmed its validity by faculty members and experts, and its reliability was calculated with Cronbach’s alpha (0.83). After collecting the data, they were entered into the SPSS software and were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

The results showed that the security requirement related to information transportation is more important than other requirements. Also in the field of human resources, providing detailed documentation and training guides for users of the systems was with an average of (4.47). In the medical diagnosis equipment field, telemedicine network systems are equipped with emergency power was with an average of (4.72). In the storage and access to information context, installing antiviruses and anti-malware on all systems was with an average of (4.75), and also in the field of information transfer, encryption of important and sensitive files and information was with an average of (4.69) were the most important security needs.

As the results showed, security requirements related to information transfer have more importance than other requirements; Initially, information security can be guaranteed by creating security policies, updating and monitoring their implementation, as well as training employees. However, in order to transfer sensitive medical information, encryption and qualification verification methods, secure information transfer protocols, virtual and private networks (VPN) and other new technologies can be used in this field. Of course, necessary preparations should be made to create appropriate technical infrastructure for the implementation of security policies in information transmission.

Hemorrhoid disease is one of the most common anorectal diseases that affect millions of people around the world. Implementing a hemorrhoid management and prevention program using its data management system can be an effective step to improve the quality of care, control disease, and improve the society health. The present study aims to determine the minimum data set (MDS) for electronic health record of patients with hemorrhoid disease in Iran.

In this descriptive-analytical stud that was conducted in 2021, related papers and clinical records of patients with hemorrhoid disease in Iran were first studied. Then, the proposed MDS was validated using a researcher-made questionnaire based on a Likert scale with acceptable content validity and test-retest reliability (r=0.90), and by implementing the Delphi technique based on the opinions of 20 experts (internal medicine specialists and general practitioners in hospitals of Ferdous and Birjand cities and health information management specialists in Ferdous city). Sampling was not done due to the low number of participants. Finally, the findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS software version 19.

A total of 43 data elements were finally selected for implementing the Delphi technique. Of these, two data elements were removed in the first round; therefore, 39 data elements as well as two data elements with a score of 50-75% and three suggested data elements entered the second round of Delphi. Of these, 42 were approved in the second round.

Determining the MDS for electronic health record of patients with hemorrhoid disease can be an effective step towards integrating the information of these patients in Iran and can improve their information management.

Mortality information is one of the largest sources of health information about the community health and is a basis for planning, managing and evaluating the health sector in all countries. This study aims to measure the level of compliance of the death certificate issued in Chamran Hospital in Ferdous, Iran with death coding rules of the 10th edition of international classification of diseases (ICD-10).

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study using a researcher-made checklist. Data analysis was done in SPSS software, version 16 using descriptive statistics.

Out of 97 medical records, 9 were excluded due to lack of access to the death certificate. It was found out that 54.6% of the records were coded incorrectly and 31.1% had correct death coding. The most used ICD-10 rule for choosing the underlying cause of death was the general principle and the modifications rules A to F were the least used ones.

Only in 36.1% of the medical records of death cases in Chamran Hospital, there was a compliance with death coding rules of ICD-10 which is not favorable. Hospital managers can improve the coding status of death certificates by holding death coding workshops and applying strict rules for correct registration of certificates.

Telehealth management systems for elderly people should have the features, capabilities, and infrastructure that meet the diverse needs of home care management. Since there is no valid and reliable questionnaire to determine these requirements, the main purpose of this study was to determine the requirements of a tele-health monitoring system for elderly people and to present it as a valid and reliable questionnaire.

This study was a descriptive-analytical one that performed in 2019. Questionnaire items were obtained from a systematic review study. For the review phase, the selected keywords such as elderly, home care, telecare, telehealth, and information technology from 2013 to October 2019 were searched on selected databases.

Based on the findings of this study, the parameters and requirements of tele-health monitoring system for elderly people were identified in 97 items. Furthermore, the first 31 items of the questionnaire were removed due to low validity and reliability. In the next phase, the final questionnaire with 66 items, content validity ratio of 99%, Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient (0.9) and desirable correlation coefficient (r = 0.85, p-value <0.05) were designed.

In this study, the requirements of tele-health monitoring system for elderly people were determined and a valid and reliable questionnaire was developed using these requirements. The questionnaire was designed in five parts: applications, functional requirements, non-functional requirements, tools, and communication infrastructure. The results of the present study can be used by health care system designers to determine the applications and requirements of elderly health monitoring systems.

Academic studies provide solutions for educational, research, and health problems. This study was investigated the inhibitors of these research activities from the perspective of paramedical students.

This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study contributing 152 students who had completed at least one year of study. The data was collected through a questionnaire consisting of three sections as demographic information, personal barriers and organizational barriers. Then, they were analyzed in SPSS 22 software using descriptive and analytical statistics methods.

61.2% of the participants were women. 83.9% of the student who did the research, had a history of research workshops. According to the T-pair test, a significant difference was observed between mean score of organizational disincentive (51.95±9.89) and personal disincentive factors (46.8±10.41) (P=0.00). In other words, organizational disincentive factors have been greater than individual one. Also, from the students' point of view, the lack of familiarity with statistical principles and the greater importance of clinical services than research services were the most important personal and organizational disincentive factors, respectively.

Considering the most important organizational and personal disincentive factors barriers obtained in this study, it can be stated that the importance of research in providing better clinical services, providing research facilities and also holding higher quality research workshops can reduce students' research problems.